（4）centos 7 下载安装

分手后的思念是犯贱 2022-12-26 09:28 467阅读 0赞

### 一、CentOS7.4下载 ###

官网下载地址：[http://vault.centos.org/][http_vault.centos.org]

1、进入CentOS下载官网，找到CentOS7.4版本

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70][]

2、在CentOS7.4版本页面中，找到isos/

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1][]

3、进入页面后，可以看到x86\_64

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2][]

4、在CentOS下载页面中，选择 CentOS-7-x86\_64-DVD-1708.torrent进行下载

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3][]

5、下载完成之后，由于“CentOS-7-x86\_64-DVD-1708.torrent”只是一个BT种子文件，而且非常小，这就需要我们使用迅雷等工具来对源镜像进行下载了

（1）打开迅雷，新建任务，把“CentOS-7-x86\_64-DVD-1708.torrent”BT种子文件拖入到新建任务中，并点击立即下载

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4][]

（2）下载完成之后会生成如下的几个文件，CentOS-7-x86\_64-DVD-1708.iso就是我们在工作中使用的镜像了

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 5][]

### 二、CentOS7.4安装 ###

1、打开你的VMware Workstation Pro，并点击“创建新的虚拟机”，没有安装VMware Workstation Pro请点击[VMware Workstation 14下载与安装][VMware Workstation 14]

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 6][]

2、点选典型(推荐)(T)，并点击“下一步”

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 7][]

3、点选稍后安装操作系统(S)，并点击“下一步”

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 8][]

4、点选Linux(L)，因为我们之前下载的 CentOS-7-x86\_64-DVD-1708.iso 是64位 7.4版本的，所以这里我们选择CentOS 7 64位，并点击“下一步”

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 9][]

5、虚拟机名称可以更改也可以不更改看自己需求，修改虚拟机的安装路径，并点击“下一步”

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 10][]

6、磁盘选择默认为20.0GB，点选将虚拟磁盘存储为单个文件(O)，并点击“下一步”

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 11][]

7、点击“完成”

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 12][]

8、点击“编辑虚拟机设置”

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 13][]

9、点选“使用ISO映像文件(M)”，并添加我们之前下载好的CentOS-7-x86\_64-DVD-1708.iso

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 14][]

10、默认为NAT 模式(N)：用于共享主机的IP地址即可

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 15][]

提示：11-13步骤 移除USB控制器、声卡和打印机 只是为了腾出更多的资源空间 (可以选择跳过 不移除)

11、选择USB 控制器，并点击“移除(R)”

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 16][]

12、选择声卡，并点击“移除(R)”

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 17][]

13、选择打印机，并点击“移除(R)”，最后点击“确定”

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 18][]

14、点击“开启此虚拟机”

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 19][]

15、正在开启虚拟机，鼠标移入到虚拟机中，并按下“↑”键，选择Install CentOS 7，最后按下“Enter 键”

提示： 鼠标移动到虚拟机内部单击或者按下Ctrl + G，鼠标即可移入到虚拟机中

按下Ctrl + Alt，鼠标即可移出虚拟机

注意： 在虚拟机中的操作，鼠标必须要移入到虚拟机中，否则虚拟机感应不到，无法对其进行操作

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 20][]

16、按下“Enter 键”

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 21][]

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 22][]

17、默认安装过程中的安装界面使用English (英语)，点击“Continue”

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 23][]

18、配置时区 (DATE & TIME)

（1）选择DATE & TIME

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 24][]

（2）时区设置为 Region：Asia City：Shanghai

日期和时间 设置与自己的电脑时间同步，最后点击“Done”

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 25][]

19、设置软件选择 (SOFTWARE SELECTION)

（1）选择SOFTWARE SELECTION

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 26][]

（2）点击勾选 Compatibility Libraries 和 Development Tools

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 27][]

如果希望安装带有界面的CentOS，请在左边Base Environment中，选择Server with GUI(带图形用户界面的服务器)，默认为Minimal Install (最小安装)，提示：如果安装有界面版本的，在如下的第22步骤中的操作会有所不同 (安装有界面版本的其实用处不大，都是可以通过命令行来设置的)，这里我没有安装有界面版本的

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 28][]

20、设置安装位置 (INSTALLATION DESTINATION)

（1）选择INSTALLATION DESTINATION

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 29][]

（2）点选 I will configuire parttioning，然后再点击“Done”

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 30][]

（3）更改模式，标准分区Standard Partition，点击“+”按钮添加分区

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 31][]

（4）添加 /boot分区，大小300MB，Add mount point

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 32][]

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 33][]

（5）添加 swap分区，一般情况是物理内存的2倍大小，用于物理内存不足时使用，但可能造成系统不稳定，所以看情况，可以设置小一点，甚至设置为0MB，这里我设置为512MB，Add mount point

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 34][]

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 35][]

（6）增加根分区，不填写大小，即默认剩余的空间都给根分区，Add mount point

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 36][]

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 37][]

（7）点击“Done”

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 38][]

（8）点击“Accept Changes”

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 39][]

21、点击“Begin Installation”，开始安装

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 40][]

22、设置系统用户root的密码 (ROOT PASSWORD)

（1）选择ROOT PASSWORD

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 41][]

（2）为root设置密码 (密码长度最好不要小于6位数)，然后点击“Done”

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 42][]

23、等待安装完成，然后点击“Reboot”

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 43][]

### 三、CentOS7.4基本设置 ###

**1、登录CentOS，默认账号为root，密码为 你在前面安装时设置的root密码**

**提示：在输入密码时，linux为了安全起见，是看不到你输入的密码。同时，如果是使用的是键盘右边的数字键盘输入密码的话，建议查看一下，数字键盘是否开启 (建议使用字母按键上面一排的 数字键输入密码)**

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 44][]

**2、配置IP地址，网关**

1.  `cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ //进入到network-scripts目录下`
2.  
3.  `vi ifcfg-ens32 //编辑配置文件`
4.  
5.  `//修改以下内容`
6.  `BOOTPROTO=static //启用静态IP地址`
7.  `ONBOOT=yes //开启自动启用网络连接`
8.  
9.  
10. `//添加以下内容`
11. `IPADDR=192.168.30.1 //设置IP地址`
12. `NETMASK=255.255.255.0 //子网掩码`
13. `GATEWAY=192.168.131.2 //设置网关`

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 45][]

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 46][]

2.1、如何设置Linux的IP地址

1、在本地电脑打开“命令行窗口”，输入命令ipconfig，查看 以太网适配器 VMware Network Adapter VMnet8下的IPv4 地址

2、可以看到 以太网适配器 VMware Network Adapter VMnet8下的IPv4 地址为 192.168.30.2

3、当我们设置Linux的IP地址时，需要保证Linux的IP地址 与 VMnet8下的IPv4地址 的前面三位数必须相同，即 192.168.30 必须相同，这样Linux就能跟我们本地电脑互相通信，最后一位数不相同即可，例如Linux的IP地址可以设置为192.168.30.1 或者 192.168.30.124等

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 47][]

2.2、如何设置Linux的网关：

1、点击编辑(E) → 虚拟网络编辑器(N)

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 48][]

2.3、如何设置Linux的网关，选择VMnet8，再点击"NAT设置"按钮，查看VMnet8 (NAT 模式)下的子网掩码

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 49][]

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 50][]

3、查看VMnet8 (NAT 模式)下的网关，选择VMnet8，再点击"NAT设置"按钮

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 51][]

3、重启网络服务

service network restart

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 52][]

4、设置DNS地址

1.  `vi /etc/resolv.conf //编辑 resolv.conf文件`
2.  
3.  `nameserver 114.114.114.114 //添加DNS地址`
4.  
5.  
6.  
7.  `可以添加多个DNS地址，格式为：`
8.  `nameserver xxx1.xxx1.xxx1.xxx1`
9.  `nameserver xxx2.xxx2.xxx2.xxx2`
10. 
11. 
12. `常用的DNS地址:`
13. 
14. `阿里 223.5.5.5 或者 223.6.6.6`
15. 
16. `谷歌 8.8.8.8`
17. 
18. `国内移动、电信和联通通用的DNS 114.114.114.114`

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 53][]

提示：如果是内网，配置上面的DNS地址有可能是访问不了外网的，在电脑右下角的网络图标中鼠标右键，选择打开"网络和Internet"设置，选择WLAN，然后在点击你连接的网络，查看网络信息

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 54][]

填写内网的IPv4 DNS 服务器地址即可

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 55][]

5、查看是否能够访问外网

1.  `ping -c3 www.baidu.com`
2.  
3.  
4.  `PING www.a.shifen.com (14.215.177.38) 56(84) bytes of data.`
5.  `64 bytes from 14.215.177.38 (14.215.177.38): icmp_seq=1 ttl=128 time=9.45 ms`
6.  `64 bytes from 14.215.177.38 (14.215.177.38): icmp_seq=2 ttl=128 time=12.2 ms`
7.  `64 bytes from 14.215.177.38 (14.215.177.38): icmp_seq=3 ttl=128 time=9.29 ms`
8.  
9.  `--- www.a.shifen.com ping statistics ---`
10. `3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2004ms`
11. `rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 9.296/10.346/12.293/1.388 ms`

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 56][]

6、永久关闭 firewalld防火墙（centos7默认的防火墙是firewalld防火墙，不是使用iptables，因此需要关闭firewalld服务）

1.  `systemctl stop firewalld.service // 停止firewalld服务`
2.  
3.  `systemctl disable firewalld.service // 开机禁用firewalld服务`
4.  
5.  `iptables -L //列出所有iptables规则`

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 57][]

7、永久关闭SELinux防火墙

1.  `vi /etc/sysconfig/selinux //编辑selinux文件`
2.  
3.  `SELINUX=disabled //把文件中的SELINUX=enforcing 改成 SELINUX=disabled 即可`
4.  
5.  `sestatus //查看SELinux状态`

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 58][]

获取当前selinux防火墙的安全策略

sestatus

可以看到当前selinux防火墙的安全策略仍为enforcing，配置文件并未生效

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 59][]

这时需要我们重启，再去查看SELinux防火墙的状态，可以看到已经关闭了

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 60][]

8、给/etc/rc.d/rc.local 文件设置 “x”可执行权限，最初设置默认是没有可执行权限的

1.  `chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.local //设置可执行权限`
2.  
3.  
4.  `//设置前`
5.  `-rwxr-xr--. 1 root root 473 Aug 5 2017 rc.local`
6.  
7.  `//设置后`
8.  `-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 473 Aug 5 2017 rc.local`

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 61][]

9、输入“halt”，关闭虚拟机，并拍摄快照，保存当前配置

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 62][]

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM5MTM1Mjg3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 63][]

## 4、安全配置 ##

包括防火墙和selinux，在内网环境下，这两项都可以关闭，防止影响配置使用；

外网环境开启防火墙，关闭slinux，具体操作如下，以内网环境为例；永久关闭 firewalld防火墙（centos7默认的防火墙是firewalld防火墙，不是使用iptables，因此需要关闭firewalld服务）

首先关闭防火墙；

<table> 
 <tbody> 
 <tr> 
 <td> <code>systemctl stop firewalld.service&nbsp; </code><code>// 停止firewalld服务</code> <code>&nbsp;</code>&nbsp; <code>systemctl disable firewalld.service </code><code>// 开机禁用firewalld服务</code> <code>&nbsp;</code>&nbsp; <code>iptables -L&nbsp;&nbsp; </code><code>//列出所有iptables规则</code> </td> 
 </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

![74d1eeda8dafe6ec314d9a7a002a3ab2.png][]

永久关闭SELinux防火墙

vi /etc/sysconfig/selinux       //编辑selinux文件
     
    SELINUX=disabled         //把文件中的SELINUX=enforcing 改成 SELINUX=disabled 即可
     
    sestatus    //查看SELinux状态

![16ce059492ba33afbf362e781c83cfb0.png][]

![0fbaca6a4687483cece4345aba28f1e2.png][]

把SELINUX=enforcing 改为 SELINUX=disabled 然后保存并退出

SELINIUX修改完需要重启centos系统 reboot

使用sestatus 命令查看SELINUX状态，如果是disabled关闭成功，如下图：

![a96dc98287b9b5b6bf3b86bea913eee8.png][]

## 5、查看和修改主机名 ##

查看当前主机名的情况 hostname ： 只是查看主机名字， hostnamectl ：主机名字以及相关情况

\[root@localhost ~\]\# hostnamectl  
Static hostname: localhost.localdomain  
Icon name: computer-vm  
Chassis: vm  
Machine ID: 2c080819c8c64aee8c2a9ed4373b82b5  
Boot ID: 1ca5d2bb89ea42c2af71ab772abf7967  
Virtualization: vmware  
Operating System: CentOS Linux 7 (Core)  
CPE OS Name: cpe:/o:centos:centos:7  
Kernel: Linux 3.10.0-1062.el7.x86\_64  
Architecture: x86-64

hostname mrxiong 临时修改主机名

<table> 
 <tbody> 
 <tr> 
 <td> 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 </td> 
 <td> <code>[root@localhost ~]# hostname mrxiong</code> <code>[root@localhost ~]# hostnamectl</code> <code>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code><code>Static hostname: localhost.localdomain</code> <code>Transient hostname: mrxiong</code> <code>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code><code>Icon name: computer-vm</code> <code>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code><code>Chassis: vm</code> <code>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code><code>Machine ID: 2c080819c8c64aee8c2a9ed4373b82b5</code> <code>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code><code>Boot ID: 1ca5d2bb89ea42c2af71ab772abf7967</code> <code>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code><code>Virtualization: vmware</code> <code>&nbsp;&nbsp;</code><code>Operating System: CentOS Linux 7 (Core)</code> <code>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code><code>CPE OS Name: cpe:/o:centos:centos:7</code> <code>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code><code>Kernel: Linux 3.10.0-1062.el7.x86_64</code> <code>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</code><code>Architecture: x86-64</code> </td> 
 </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

vi /etc/hostname 输入weekend01 修改主机名永久生效 ,i 插入编写，esc 退出编写，：wq 退出并保存

vi /etc/hosts 设置主机名和ip的映射

![复制代码][48304ba5e6f9fe08f3fa1abda7d326ab.png]

[http_vault.centos.org]: http://vault.centos.org/
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[VMware Workstation 14]: https://blog.csdn.net/qq_39135287/article/details/82924547
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