Docker从入门到放弃------docker的安装与初始化配置

左手的ㄟ右手 2022-12-26 08:23 364阅读 0赞

**本来是已经准备开始K8S的内容，但是K8S与Docker关联比较大，于是决定先写一些关于Docker的文章**  
**本文所有内容基于CentOS8系统**

### 文章目录 ###

*  概述
 *  下载二进制文件
 *  下载二进制安装脚本
 *  修改脚本权限
 *  执行安装脚本
 *  修改Docker安装目录
 *   *  新建Docker目录
     *  修改Docker配置文件
     *  重启Docker
     *  查看DockerInfo
     *  验证

# 概述 #

Docker社区版本中提供了MacOS、Windows和Linux等系统的安装包，同时也支持在云服务器上的安装，如AWSCloud。网上在各种系统下安装Docker的教程也比较多，本文中仅介绍在Linux下Docker二进制文件的安装方式。

# 下载二进制文件 #

下载地址：[Docker二进制文件官方下载地址][Docker]

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3Nob3VjaGVuY2h1YW41MjUz_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center][]

选择我们需要的版本下载，这里我选择的是**docker-18.06.2-ce.tgz**。

进入你存放下载文件的文件件，执行以下命令

wget https://download.docker.com/linux/static/stable/x86_64/docker-18.06.2-ce.tgz

等待下载完成

--2020-12-03 21:26:22--  https://download.docker.com/linux/static/stable/x86_64/docker-18.06.2-ce.tgz
    正在解析主机 download.docker.com (download.docker.com)... 13.225.2.81, 13.225.2.92, 13.225.2.103, ...
    正在连接 download.docker.com (download.docker.com)|13.225.2.81|:443... 已连接。
    已发出 HTTP 请求，正在等待回应... 200 OK
    长度：43834194 (42M) [application/x-tar]
    正在保存至: “docker-18.06.2-ce.tgz”
    
    docker-18.06.2-ce.tgz                  100%[============================================================================>]  41.80M  9.29MB/s  用时 6.8s    
    
    2020-12-03 21:26:29 (6.17 MB/s) - 已保存 “docker-18.06.2-ce.tgz” [43834194/43834194])

# 下载二进制安装脚本 #

地址：[Docker二进制安装脚本地址][Docker 1]

在刚才的文件夹下创建一个名为**install-docker.sh**的文件

vim install-docker.sh

将install-docker.sh中的内容复制到我们创建的文件中

#!/bin/sh
    
    usage(){ 
      echo "Usage: $0 FILE_NAME_DOCKER_CE_TAR_GZ"
      echo " $0 docker-17.09.0-ce.tgz"
      echo "Get docker-ce binary from: https://download.docker.com/linux/static/stable/x86_64/"
      echo "eg: wget https://download.docker.com/linux/static/stable/x86_64/docker-17.09.0-ce.tgz"
      echo ""
    }
    SYSTEMDDIR=/usr/lib/systemd/system
    SERVICEFILE=docker.service
    DOCKERDIR=/usr/bin
    DOCKERBIN=docker
    SERVICENAME=docker
    
    if [ $# -ne 1 ]; then
      usage
      exit 1
    else
      FILETARGZ="$1"
    fi
    
    if [ ! -f ${FILETARGZ} ]; then
      echo "Docker binary tgz files does not exist, please check it"
      echo "Get docker-ce binary from: https://download.docker.com/linux/static/stable/x86_64/"
      echo "eg: wget https://download.docker.com/linux/static/stable/x86_64/docker-17.09.0-ce.tgz"
      exit 1
    fi
    
    echo "##unzip : tar xvpf ${FILETARGZ}"
    tar xvpf ${FILETARGZ}
    echo
    
    echo "##binary : ${DOCKERBIN} copy to ${DOCKERDIR}"
    cp -p ${DOCKERBIN}/* ${DOCKERDIR} >/dev/null 2>&1
    which ${DOCKERBIN}
    
    echo "##systemd service: ${SERVICEFILE}"
    echo "##docker.service: create docker systemd file"
    cat >${SYSTEMDDIR}/${SERVICEFILE} <<EOF [Unit] Description=Docker Application Container Engine Documentation=http://docs.docker.com After=network.target docker.socket [Service] Type=notify EnvironmentFile=-/run/flannel/docker WorkingDirectory=/usr/local/bin ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd \ -H tcp://0.0.0.0:4243 \ -H unix:///var/run/docker.sock \ --selinux-enabled=false \ --log-opt max-size=1g ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID # Having non-zero Limit*s causes performance problems due to accounting overhead # in the kernel. We recommend using cgroups to do container-local accounting. LimitNOFILE=infinity LimitNPROC=infinity LimitCORE=infinity # Uncomment TasksMax if your systemd version supports it. # Only systemd 226 and above support this version. #TasksMax=infinity TimeoutStartSec=0 # set delegate yes so that systemd does not reset the cgroups of docker containers Delegate=yes # kill only the docker process, not all processes in the cgroup KillMode=process Restart=on-failure [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target EOF
    
    echo ""
    
    systemctl daemon-reload
    echo "##Service status: ${SERVICENAME}"
    systemctl status ${SERVICENAME}
    echo "##Service restart: ${SERVICENAME}"
    systemctl restart ${SERVICENAME}
    echo "##Service status: ${SERVICENAME}"
    systemctl status ${SERVICENAME}
    
    echo "##Service enabled: ${SERVICENAME}"
    systemctl enable ${SERVICENAME}
    
    echo "## docker version"
    docker version

# 修改脚本权限 #

执行命令

chmod -x ./install-docker.sh

# 执行安装脚本 #

执行命令

bash ./install-docker.sh docker-18.06.2-ce.tgz

脚本会自动安装我们下载的Docker安装包并且重启Docker

##unzip : tar xvpf docker-18.06.2-ce.tgz
    docker/
    docker/docker-containerd
    docker/docker-proxy
    docker/docker
    docker/docker-runc
    docker/dockerd
    docker/docker-containerd-ctr
    docker/docker-containerd-shim
    docker/docker-init
    
    ##binary : docker copy to /usr/bin
    /usr/bin/docker
    ##systemd service: docker.service
    ##docker.service: create docker systemd file
    
    ##Service status: docker
    ● docker.service - Docker Application Container Engine
       Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
       Active: inactive (dead)
         Docs: http://docs.docker.com
    ##Service restart: docker
    ##Service status: docker
    ● docker.service - Docker Application Container Engine
       Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
       Active: active (running) since Thu 2020-12-03 21:42:22 CST; 31ms ago
         Docs: http://docs.docker.com
     Main PID: 3164626 (dockerd)
        Tasks: 18 (limit: 11540)
       Memory: 22.8M
       CGroup: /system.slice/docker.service
               ├─3164626 /usr/bin/dockerd -H tcp://0.0.0.0:4243 -H unix:///var/run/docker.sock --selinux-enabled=false --log-opt max-size=1g
               └─3164645 docker-containerd --config /var/run/docker/containerd/containerd.toml
    
    12月 03 21:42:16 VM-0-4-centos dockerd[3164626]: time="2020-12-03T21:42:16.588103107+08:00" level=info msg="pickfirstBalancer: HandleSubConnStateChange: 0x> 12月 03 21:42:16 VM-0-4-centos dockerd[3164626]: time="2020-12-03T21:42:16.588258691+08:00" level=info msg="pickfirstBalancer: HandleSubConnStateChange: 0x>
    12月 03 21:42:16 VM-0-4-centos dockerd[3164626]: time="2020-12-03T21:42:16.588274371+08:00" level=info msg="Loading containers: start."
    12月 03 21:42:21 VM-0-4-centos dockerd[3164626]: time="2020-12-03T21:42:21.490469755+08:00" level=info msg="Default bridge (docker0) is assigned with an IP> 12月 03 21:42:22 VM-0-4-centos dockerd[3164626]: time="2020-12-03T21:42:22.055802015+08:00" level=info msg="Loading containers: done." 12月 03 21:42:22 VM-0-4-centos dockerd[3164626]: time="2020-12-03T21:42:22.134787833+08:00" level=info msg="Docker daemon" commit=6d37f41 graphdriver(s)=ov> 12月 03 21:42:22 VM-0-4-centos dockerd[3164626]: time="2020-12-03T21:42:22.134924559+08:00" level=info msg="Daemon has completed initialization" 12月 03 21:42:22 VM-0-4-centos dockerd[3164626]: time="2020-12-03T21:42:22.236492421+08:00" level=info msg="API listen on /var/run/docker.sock" 12月 03 21:42:22 VM-0-4-centos dockerd[3164626]: time="2020-12-03T21:42:22.236569607+08:00" level=info msg="API listen on [::]:4243"
    12月 03 21:42:22 VM-0-4-centos systemd[1]: Started Docker Application Container Engine.

查看Docker信息

[root@VM-0-4-centos download]# docker info
    Containers: 0
     Running: 0
     Paused: 0
     Stopped: 0
    Images: 0
    Server Version: 18.06.2-ce
    Storage Driver: overlay2
     Backing Filesystem: extfs
     Supports d_type: true
     Native Overlay Diff: true
    Logging Driver: json-file
    Cgroup Driver: cgroupfs
    Plugins:
     Volume: local
     Network: bridge host macvlan null overlay
     Log: awslogs fluentd gcplogs gelf journald json-file logentries splunk syslog
    Swarm: inactive
    Runtimes: runc
    Default Runtime: runc
    Init Binary: docker-init
    containerd version: 468a545b9edcd5932818eb9de8e72413e616e86e
    runc version: 69663f0bd4b60df09991c08812a60108003fa340
    init version: fec3683
    Security Options:
     seccomp
      Profile: default
    Kernel Version: 4.18.0-80.el8.x86_64
    Operating System: CentOS Linux 8 (Core)
    OSType: linux
    Architecture: x86_64
    CPUs: 1
    Total Memory: 1.787GiB
    Name: VM-0-4-centos
    ID: BUHQ:DMTC:UM3Z:FJTX:FYWQ:U55P:MM2H:WT7X:YQFA:LUNL:MBDC:7DXS
    Docker Root Dir: /var/lib/docker
    Debug Mode (client): false
    Debug Mode (server): false
    Registry: https://index.docker.io/v1/
    Labels:
    Experimental: false
    Insecure Registries:
     127.0.0.0/8
    Live Restore Enabled: false

# 修改Docker安装目录 #

从上文中Docker信息中我们可以看到，Docker的安装目录是

Docker Root Dir: /var/lib/docker

一般情况下，这个目录的的空间较小，所以不建议将其安装在var中。我们现在来修改一下Docker的安装目录

## 新建Docker目录 ##

mkdir -p /opt/docker/root

## 修改Docker配置文件 ##

查询Docker配置文件位置

[root@VM-0-4-centos download]# systemctl enable docker
    Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/docker.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service.

修改docker.service文件，在ExecStart属性的最后面添加参数

--graph /opt/docker/root

## 重启Docker ##

重新enable 一下docker 服务 重新进行软连接 以及进行一次 daemon-reload

systemctl disable docker
    systemctl enable docker
    systemctl daemon-reload
    systemctl start docker

## 查看DockerInfo ##

[root@VM-0-4-centos ~]# systemctl restart docker
    您在 /var/spool/mail/root 中有邮件
    [root@VM-0-4-centos ~]# docker info
    Containers: 0
     Running: 0
     Paused: 0
     Stopped: 0
    Images: 0
    Server Version: 18.06.2-ce
    Storage Driver: overlay2
     Backing Filesystem: extfs
     Supports d_type: true
     Native Overlay Diff: true
    Logging Driver: json-file
    Cgroup Driver: cgroupfs
    Plugins:
     Volume: local
     Network: bridge host macvlan null overlay
     Log: awslogs fluentd gcplogs gelf journald json-file logentries splunk syslog
    Swarm: inactive
    Runtimes: runc
    Default Runtime: runc
    Init Binary: docker-init
    containerd version: 468a545b9edcd5932818eb9de8e72413e616e86e
    runc version: 69663f0bd4b60df09991c08812a60108003fa340
    init version: fec3683
    Security Options:
     seccomp
      Profile: default
    Kernel Version: 4.18.0-80.el8.x86_64
    Operating System: CentOS Linux 8 (Core)
    OSType: linux
    Architecture: x86_64
    CPUs: 1
    Total Memory: 1.787GiB
    Name: VM-0-4-centos
    ID: BUHQ:DMTC:UM3Z:FJTX:FYWQ:U55P:MM2H:WT7X:YQFA:LUNL:MBDC:7DXS
    Docker Root Dir: /opt/docker/root
    Debug Mode (client): false
    Debug Mode (server): false
    Registry: https://index.docker.io/v1/
    Labels:
    Experimental: false
    Insecure Registries:
     127.0.0.0/8
    Live Restore Enabled: false

注：若启动后Docker Root Dir未发生变化，请执行以下命令再重新查看info

systemctl restart docker

## 验证 ##

docker安装MySQL：[详细教程链接][Link 1]，建议大家看一看详细教程，里面也有安装docker国内源的内容，可以大大加快你下载镜像的速度

执行拉取MySQL5.7的命令

[root@VM-0-4-centos ~]# docker pull mysql:5.7.29
    5.7.29: Pulling from library/mysql
    54fec2fa59d0: Pull complete 
    bcc6c6145912: Pull complete 
    951c3d959c9d: Pull complete 
    05de4d0e206e: Pull complete 
    319f0394ef42: Pull complete 
    d9185034607b: Pull complete 
    013a9c64dadc: Pull complete 
    58b7b840ebff: Pull complete 
    9b85c0abc43d: Pull complete 
    bdf022f63e85: Pull complete 
    35f7f707ce83: Pull complete 
    Digest: sha256:95b4bc7c1b111906fdb7a39cd990dd99f21c594722735d059769b80312eb57a7
    Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:5.7.29

执行命令

du /var/lib/docker/

与命令

du /opt/docker/root/

可以看到，所有的镜像都存在于文件夹/opt/docker/root/下  
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往期好文：

[用Python每天给女神发一句手机短信情话][Python]

[MySQL优化之explain][MySQL_explain]

[Spring源码分析-MVC初始化][Spring_-MVC]

[春风得意马蹄疾，一文看尽（JVM）虚拟机][JVM]

[造轮子的艺术][Link 2]

[源码阅读技巧][Link 3]

[Java注解详解][Java]

[教你自建SpringBoot服务器][SpringBoot]

[更多文章请点击][Link 4]

[Docker]: https://download.docker.com/linux/static/stable/x86_64
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3Nob3VjaGVuY2h1YW41MjUz_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center]: /images/20221120/615c8f5c449044b4af82360fef3194fe.png
[Docker 1]: https://github.com/liumiaocn/easypack/tree/master/docker
[Link 1]: https://yzstu.blog.csdn.net/article/details/105671928
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3Nob3VjaGVuY2h1YW41MjUz_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 1]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20201203223202225.jpg?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3Nob3VjaGVuY2h1YW41MjUz,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70#pic_center
[Python]: https://blog.csdn.net/shouchenchuan5253/article/details/105753596
[MySQL_explain]: https://blog.csdn.net/shouchenchuan5253/article/details/105722148
[Spring_-MVC]: https://blog.csdn.net/shouchenchuan5253/article/details/105625890
[JVM]: https://yzstu.blog.csdn.net/article/details/105462458
[Link 2]: https://blog.csdn.net/shouchenchuan5253/article/details/105256723
[Link 3]: https://blog.csdn.net/shouchenchuan5253/article/details/105196154
[Java]: https://blog.csdn.net/shouchenchuan5253/article/details/105145725
[SpringBoot]: https://blog.csdn.net/shouchenchuan5253/article/details/104773702
[Link 4]: https://blog.csdn.net/shouchenchuan5253/article/details/105020803