【Linux】管理服务器硬件配置信息的常用命令

你的名字 2022-12-24 09:57 185阅读 0赞

#### 1. lshw ####

#### lshw的作用 ####

lshw可以查看服务器硬件配置的详细信息，可以在支持DMI的x86或者IA-64系统以及power PC 机器上打印内存配置，固件版本，主板配置，cpu版本，cpu频次，缓存，总线速度等信息。

#### 使用方法 ####

[root@ecs-c13b ~]# lshw -help
    Hardware Lister (lshw) - B.012.18
    usage: lshw [-format] [-options ...]
           lshw -version
    
    	-version        print program version (B.012.18)（查看版本信息）
    
    format can be
    	-html           output hardware tree as HTML （将设备树输出信息保存为HTML格式）
    	-xml            output hardware tree as XML   （保存为XML格式）
    	-json           output hardware tree as a JSON object  （保存为json格式）
    	-short          output hardware paths  （输出简短显示硬件路径的设备树信息）
    	-businfo        output bus information   （输出总线信息的设备列表）
    
    options can be
    	-dump OUTFILE   save hardware tree to a file
    	-class CLASS    only show a certain class of hardware
    	-C CLASS        same as '-class CLASS'
    	-c CLASS        same as '-class CLASS'
    	-disable TEST   disable a test (like pci, isapnp, cpuid, etc. )（禁用某些检测）
    	-enable TEST    enable a test (like pci, isapnp, cpuid, etc. )
    	-quiet          don't display status  （不显示状态）
    	-sanitize       sanitize output (remove sensitive information like serial numbers, etc.)
    	                 （从输出信息中删除可能敏感的信息，如IP地址，序列号）
    	-numeric        output numeric IDs (for PCI, USB, etc.) （显示数字ID）
    	-notime         exclude volatile attributes (timestamps) from output
    
    [root@ecs-c13b ~]#

其中：

*  enable/disable 启用或者禁用某项检测，包括  
    dmi : 用于DMI/SMBIOS扩展  
    spd ： 用户内存串行存在检测  
    memory: 用于内存大小猜测启发式  
    cpuid： 用于cpu检测  
    usb: 用于USB设备  
    network: 用于网络接口检测

#### 2. lsblk ####

lsblk查看磁盘的设备名称和容量的对应关系

[root@ecs-c13b ~]# lsblk
    NAME   MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
    vda    253:0    0  40G  0 disk 
    └─vda1 253:1    0  40G  0 part /

[root@ecs-c13b ~]# ip addr
    1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
        link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
        inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
           valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
        inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
           valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP group default qlen 1000
        link/ether fa:16:3e:5a:31:dd brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
        inet 192.168.0.192/24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute eth0
           valid_lft 57710sec preferred_lft 57710sec
        inet6 fe80::f816:3eff:fe5a:31dd/64 scope link 
           valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

[root@ecs-c13b ~]# lsblk
    NAME   MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
    vda    253:0    0  40G  0 disk 
    └─vda1 253:1    0  40G  0 part /
    [root@ecs-c13b ~]# ip addr
    1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
        link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
        inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
           valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
        inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
           valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP group default qlen 1000
        link/ether fa:16:3e:5a:31:dd brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
        inet 192.168.0.192/24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute eth0
           valid_lft 57710sec preferred_lft 57710sec
        inet6 fe80::f816:3eff:fe5a:31dd/64 scope link 
           valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    [root@ecs-c13b ~]# 
    
    使用lshw命令可以生成一个详尽的HTML格式文件，使用浏览器打开之后更容易查看到设备型号信息。
    
    [root@ecs-c13b ~]# lshw -short
    H/W path        Device     Class          Description
    =====================================================
                               system         OpenStack Nova
    /0                         bus            Motherboard      
    /0/0                       memory         96KiB BIOS   内存
    /0/400                     processor      Intel(R) Xeon(R) Gold 6266C CPU @ 3.00GHz  （CPU型号）
    /0/1000                    memory         4GiB System Memory
    /0/1000/0                  memory         4GiB DIMM RAM
    /0/100                     bridge         440FX - 82441FX PMC [Natoma]
    /0/100/1                   bridge         82371SB PIIX3 ISA [Natoma/Triton II]
    /0/100/1.1                 storage        82371SB PIIX3 IDE [Natoma/Triton II]
    /0/100/1.2                 bus            82371SB PIIX3 USB [Natoma/Triton II]
    /0/100/1.2/1    usb1       bus            UHCI Host Controller
    /0/100/1.2/1/1             input          QEMU USB Tablet
    /0/100/1.3                 bridge         82371AB/EB/MB PIIX4 ACPI
    /0/100/2                   display        GD 5446
    /0/100/3                   network        Virtio network device
    /0/100/3/0      eth0       network        Ethernet interface
    /0/100/4                   bridge         QEMU PCI-PCI bridge
    /0/100/5                   bridge         QEMU PCI-PCI bridge
    /0/100/5/1                 storage        Virtio block device
    /0/100/5/1/0    /dev/vda   disk           42GB Virtual I/O device
    /0/100/5/1/0/1  /dev/vda1  volume         39GiB EXT4 volume
    /0/100/6                   bridge         QEMU PCI-PCI bridge
    /0/100/7                   bridge         QEMU PCI-PCI bridge
    /0/100/8                   bridge         QEMU PCI-PCI bridge
    /0/100/9                   bridge         QEMU PCI-PCI bridge
    /0/100/a                   bridge         QEMU PCI-PCI bridge
    /0/100/b                   bridge         QEMU PCI-PCI bridge
    /0/100/c                   communication  Virtio console
    /0/100/c/0                 generic        Virtual I/O device
    /0/100/d                   generic        Virtio memory balloon
    /0/100/d/0                 generic        Virtual I/O device
    /0/1                       system         PnP device PNP0b00
    /0/2                       input          PnP device PNP0303
    /0/3                       input          PnP device PNP0f13
    /0/4                       storage        PnP device PNP0700
    /0/5                       communication  PnP device PNP0501
    [root@ecs-c13b ~]#