Docker - Docker Container及Container命令详解

淩亂°似流年 2022-12-23 06:44 256阅读 0赞

## Docker - Docker Container及Container命令详解 ##

## 什么是Docker容器（Docker Container） ##

上一篇博客介绍了Docker镜像（Docker Image）以及Image的一些命令：[Docker - Docker Image及Image命令详解][Docker - Docker Image_Image]。

其实镜像（Image）和容器（Container）的关系，就像是程序和进程一样，镜像是静态的定义，容器则是动态的定义，是镜像运行时的实体。容器可以被创建、启动、停止、删除、暂停等。每个容器都是相互隔离的、保证安全的平台。可以把容器看做是一个简易版的Linux环境（包括`root`用户权限、进程空间、用户空间和网络空间等）和运行在其中的应用程序。 下图从顶层设计层面展示了镜像和容器间的关系。一旦容器从镜像上启动后，二者之间就变成了互相依赖的关系，并且在镜像上启动的容器全部停止之前，镜像是无法被删除的。尝试删除镜像而不停止或销毁使用它的容器，会导致出错。  
![在这里插入图片描述][20201123105633107.png]  
现在大概知道Docker容器是什么了，那接下来开始介绍Docker容器的一些命令。

## Docker PS ##

展示容器列表。

docker ps --help

[root@izoq008ryseuupz ~]# docker ps --help
    
    Usage:	docker ps [OPTIONS]
    
    List containers
    
    Options:
      -a, --all             Show all containers (default shows just running)
      -f, --filter filter   Filter output based on conditions provided
          --format string   Pretty-print containers using a Go template
      -n, --last int        Show n last created containers (includes all states) (default -1)
      -l, --latest          Show the latest created container (includes all states)
          --no-trunc        Don't truncate output
      -q, --quiet           Only display numeric IDs
      -s, --size            Display total file sizes

默认展示的是正在运行的容器`(default shows just running)`，即状态是`up`的容器。

docker ps

[root@izoq008ryseuupz ~]# docker ps
    CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
    a258385ce592        centos:7            "/bin/bash"              5 hours ago         Up 5 hours                              centos.7.2
    ae23a046566b        7eed8df88d3b        "docker-entrypoint.s…"   30 hours ago        Up 30 hours         6379/tcp            quirky_beaver
    aa6a63e58682        7eed8df88d3b        "docker-entrypoint.s…"   30 hours ago        Up 30 hours         6379/tcp            goofy_montalcini
    1655972bf5cd        7eed8df88d3b        "docker-entrypoint.s…"   31 hours ago        Up 31 hours         6379/tcp            cool_leakey

通过`-a`选项可以展示所有容器。

docker ps -a

[root@izoq008ryseuupz ~]# docker ps -a
    CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                     PORTS                                        NAMES
    a258385ce592        centos:7            "/bin/bash"              5 hours ago         Up 5 hours                                                              centos.7.2
    cbd85da38a58        centos:7            "/bin/bash"              5 hours ago         Exited (0) 5 hours ago                                                  centos.7.1
    74d0a8d032ff        centos:7            "/bin/bash"              5 hours ago         Exited (137) 5 hours ago                                                centos.7
    fd00901dfbbb        kaven/hello:v1      "/hello"                 6 hours ago         Exited (1) 6 hours ago                                                  hardcore_babbage
    fab31562aeac        kaven/hello:v1      "/hello"                 6 hours ago         Exited (1) 6 hours ago                                                  stoic_carson
    fecbf8c1b956        kaven/hello:v1      "/hello"                 6 hours ago         Exited (1) 6 hours ago                                                  hello.v2
    a4cfeb0679fd        kaven/hello:v1      "/hello"                 6 hours ago         Exited (1) 6 hours ago                                                  hello
    ae23a046566b        7eed8df88d3b        "docker-entrypoint.s…"   30 hours ago        Up 30 hours                6379/tcp                                     quirky_beaver
    aa6a63e58682        7eed8df88d3b        "docker-entrypoint.s…"   31 hours ago        Up 31 hours                6379/tcp                                     goofy_montalcini
    5e73372c49d3        7eed8df88d3b        "docker-entrypoint.s…"   31 hours ago        Exited (0) 31 hours ago                                                 stoic_einstein
    1655972bf5cd        7eed8df88d3b        "docker-entrypoint.s…"   31 hours ago        Up 31 hours                6379/tcp                                     cool_leakey
    ed1eb87a4d97        7eed8df88d3b        "docker-entrypoint.s…"   31 hours ago        Exited (0) 31 hours ago                                                 frosty_dirac
    da76541620b1        7eed8df88d3b        "docker-entrypoint.s…"   31 hours ago        Exited (0) 31 hours ago                                                 trusting_franklin
    1539964c89a1        5377c9a2fb1f        "docker-entrypoint.s…"   5 weeks ago         Exited (0) 2 days ago                                                   peaceful_mayer
    c1b657c7608c        98d8bb571885        "/usr/bin/entry /usr…"   8 weeks ago         Exited (111) 2 days ago    3306/tcp, 8080/tcp, 0.0.0.0:9090->9090/tcp   confident_hugle
    64105665545b        1850194f377c        "/bin/sh -c /zipkin/…"   2 months ago        Exited (143) 2 days ago    9410/tcp, 0.0.0.0:9411->9411/tcp             zipkin
    bc3a0ef096ed        7eed8df88d3b        "docker-entrypoint.s…"   7 months ago        Exited (0) 4 days ago                                                   awesome_shockley

其他选项可以自己试一试。

## Docker Create ##

该`docker create`命令会在指定的镜像上创建可写的容器，然后将容器ID打印到STDOUT。之后，你可以随时使用 `docker start`命令来启动容器。当你想提前设置容器配置时，以便在需要时启动，此命令很有用。新容器的初始状态为`created`。

docker create --help

通过选项`--help`，可见`docker create`命令的选项非常多。

先拉取`centos:7`镜像。

docker image pull centos:7

[root@izoq008ryseuupz ~]# docker image pull centos:7
    7: Pulling from library/centos
    2d473b07cdd5: Pull complete 
    Digest: sha256:0f4ec88e21daf75124b8a9e5ca03c37a5e937e0e108a255d890492430789b60e
    Status: Downloaded newer image for centos:7
    docker.io/library/centos:7

docker images

[root@izoq008ryseuupz ~]# docker images
    REPOSITORY                                                     TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
    centos                                                         7                   8652b9f0cb4c        9 days ago          204MB

在`centos:7`镜像上创建容器，通过`--name`选项将容器命名为`centos.7`，`-it`是`-i`和`-t`的简写。

docker create -it --name centos.7 centos:7

[root@izoq008ryseuupz ~]# docker create -it --name centos.7 centos:7
    74d0a8d032ffb17492e1acaf1cedafb62c5c2ed5921a7fee6ced2d6a8758ab5a

查看容器是否创建成功，新容器的初始状态为`created`。

docker ps -a

[root@izoq008ryseuupz ~]# docker ps -a
    CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                      PORTS                                        NAMES
    74d0a8d032ff        centos:7            "/bin/bash"              7 seconds ago       Created                                                                  centos.7

其他选项可以自己试一试。

## Docker Start ##

启动一个或多个已经停止的容器。

docker start --help

[root@izoq008ryseuupz ~]# docker start --help
    
    Usage:	docker start [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]
    
    Start one or more stopped containers
    
    Options:
      -a, --attach                  Attach STDOUT/STDERR and forward signals
          --checkpoint string       Restore from this checkpoint
          --checkpoint-dir string   Use a custom checkpoint storage directory
          --detach-keys string      Override the key sequence for detaching a container
      -i, --interactive             Attach container's STDIN

启动容器`centos.7`，容器启动成功后，容器的状态会变成`up`。

docker start centos.7

[root@izoq008ryseuupz ~]# docker start centos.7
    centos.7
    [root@izoq008ryseuupz ~]# docker ps -a
    CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                      PORTS                                        NAMES
    74d0a8d032ff        centos:7            "/bin/bash"              35 seconds ago      Up 10 seconds                                                            centos.7

`-i`选项可以进入到容器内部。

docker start -i centos.7

[root@izoq008ryseuupz ~]# docker start -i centos.7
    [root@dfe33f1c3ab1 /]# ll
    total 60
    -rw-r--r--  1 root root 12114 Nov 13 01:55 anaconda-post.log
    lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root     7 Nov 13 01:53 bin -> usr/bin
    drwxr-xr-x  5 root root   360 Nov 23 14:26 dev
    drwxr-xr-x  1 root root  4096 Nov 23 11:34 etc
    drwxr-xr-x  2 root root  4096 Apr 11  2018 home
    -rw-r--r--  1 root root    14 Nov 23 12:14 kaven
    lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root     7 Nov 13 01:53 lib -> usr/lib
    lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root     9 Nov 13 01:53 lib64 -> usr/lib64
    drwxr-xr-x  2 root root  4096 Apr 11  2018 media
    drwxr-xr-x  2 root root  4096 Apr 11  2018 mnt
    drwxr-xr-x  2 root root  4096 Apr 11  2018 opt
    dr-xr-xr-x 89 root root     0 Nov 23 14:26 proc
    dr-xr-x---  1 root root  4096 Nov 23 11:34 root
    drwxr-xr-x 11 root root  4096 Nov 13 01:55 run
    lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root     8 Nov 13 01:53 sbin -> usr/sbin
    drwxr-xr-x  2 root root  4096 Apr 11  2018 srv
    dr-xr-xr-x 13 root root     0 Apr 11  2018 sys
    drwxrwxrwt  7 root root  4096 Nov 13 01:55 tmp
    drwxr-xr-x 13 root root  4096 Nov 13 01:53 usr
    drwxr-xr-x 18 root root  4096 Nov 13 01:54 var

其他选项可以自己试一试。

## Docker Stop ##

停止一个或多个运行中的容器。

docker stop --help

[root@izoq008ryseuupz ~]# docker stop --help
    
    Usage:	docker stop [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]
    
    Stop one or more running containers
    
    Options:
      -t, --time int   Seconds to wait for stop before killing it (default 10)

停止容器`centos.7`，容器停止成功后，容器的状态会变成`exited`。

docker stop centos.7

[root@izoq008ryseuupz ~]# docker stop centos.7
    centos.7
    [root@izoq008ryseuupz ~]# docker ps -a
    CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                            PORTS                                        NAMES
    74d0a8d032ff        centos:7            "/bin/bash"              16 minutes ago      Exited (137) About a minute ago                                                centos.7

`-t`选项是在停止容器前等待数秒（默认值10）。

docker stop -t 50 centos.7

[root@izoq008ryseuupz ~]# docker stop -t 50 centos.7
    centos.7.2

## Docker Run ##

运行容器。

docker run --help

通过选项`--help`，可见`docker run`命令的选项非常多。

docker run -it --name centos.7.1 centos:7

该命令会在镜像`centos:7`上创建并运行容器 `centos.7.1`，如果Docker已经拉取过`centos:7`镜像，则该命令会直接创建一个基于镜像`centos:7`的容器 `centos.7.1`，否则会先去仓库拉取该`centos:7`镜像，如果没有指定版本，默认拉取`:latest`最新版，拉取成功后再运行该拉取的`centos:7`镜像，生成一个容器 `centos.7.1`，最后再运行该容器。

[root@izoq008ryseuupz ~]# docker run -it --name centos.7.1 centos:7
    [root@cbd85da38a58 /]# ll
    total 56
    -rw-r--r--  1 root root 12114 Nov 13 01:55 anaconda-post.log
    lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root     7 Nov 13 01:53 bin -> usr/bin
    drwxr-xr-x  5 root root   360 Nov 23 05:03 dev
    drwxr-xr-x  1 root root  4096 Nov 23 05:03 etc
    drwxr-xr-x  2 root root  4096 Apr 11  2018 home
    lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root     7 Nov 13 01:53 lib -> usr/lib
    lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root     9 Nov 13 01:53 lib64 -> usr/lib64
    drwxr-xr-x  2 root root  4096 Apr 11  2018 media
    drwxr-xr-x  2 root root  4096 Apr 11  2018 mnt
    drwxr-xr-x  2 root root  4096 Apr 11  2018 opt
    dr-xr-xr-x 92 root root     0 Nov 23 05:03 proc
    dr-xr-x---  2 root root  4096 Nov 13 01:55 root
    drwxr-xr-x 11 root root  4096 Nov 13 01:55 run
    lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root     8 Nov 13 01:53 sbin -> usr/sbin
    drwxr-xr-x  2 root root  4096 Apr 11  2018 srv
    dr-xr-xr-x 13 root root     0 Apr 11  2018 sys
    drwxrwxrwt  7 root root  4096 Nov 13 01:55 tmp
    drwxr-xr-x 13 root root  4096 Nov 13 01:53 usr
    drwxr-xr-x 18 root root  4096 Nov 13 01:54 var
    [root@cbd85da38a58 /]# exit
    exit

`exit`容器后，容器的状态就是`exited`了。

[root@izoq008ryseuupz ~]# docker ps -a
    CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                        PORTS                                        NAMES
    cbd85da38a58        centos:7            "/bin/bash"              5 minutes ago       Exited (0) 38 seconds ago                                                  centos.7.1

`docker run -it --name centos.7.1 centos:7`和`docker start -i centos.7.1`类似，只不过后者需要先创建容器。

[root@izoq008ryseuupz ~]# docker start -i centos.7.1
    [root@cbd85da38a58 /]# ll
    total 56
    -rw-r--r--  1 root root 12114 Nov 13 01:55 anaconda-post.log
    lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root     7 Nov 13 01:53 bin -> usr/bin
    drwxr-xr-x  5 root root   360 Nov 23 05:10 dev
    drwxr-xr-x  1 root root  4096 Nov 23 05:03 etc
    drwxr-xr-x  2 root root  4096 Apr 11  2018 home
    lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root     7 Nov 13 01:53 lib -> usr/lib
    lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root     9 Nov 13 01:53 lib64 -> usr/lib64
    drwxr-xr-x  2 root root  4096 Apr 11  2018 media
    drwxr-xr-x  2 root root  4096 Apr 11  2018 mnt
    drwxr-xr-x  2 root root  4096 Apr 11  2018 opt
    dr-xr-xr-x 93 root root     0 Nov 23 05:10 proc
    dr-xr-x---  1 root root  4096 Nov 23 05:08 root
    drwxr-xr-x 11 root root  4096 Nov 13 01:55 run
    lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root     8 Nov 13 01:53 sbin -> usr/sbin
    drwxr-xr-x  2 root root  4096 Apr 11  2018 srv
    dr-xr-xr-x 13 root root     0 Apr 11  2018 sys
    drwxrwxrwt  7 root root  4096 Nov 13 01:55 tmp
    drwxr-xr-x 13 root root  4096 Nov 13 01:53 usr
    drwxr-xr-x 18 root root  4096 Nov 13 01:54 var
    [root@cbd85da38a58 /]# exit
    exit

一般需要容器在后台运行，`-d`选项就很有用了。

docker run -d -it --name centos.7.2  centos:7

[root@izoq008ryseuupz ~]# docker run -d -it --name centos.7.2 centos:7
    a258385ce59290615b250405beaf403aecc9ff75679641a0d8091795b7dc44f7
    [root@izoq008ryseuupz ~]# docker ps -a
    CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                        PORTS                                        NAMES
    a258385ce592        centos:7            "/bin/bash"              6 seconds ago       Up 6 seconds                                                               centos.7.2

其他选项可以自己试一试。

## Exit ##

`exit`是在容器内部执行的命令，执行后会退出当前容器，并且将当前容器停止（容器状态会是`exited`），在上面也使用过。

[root@izoq008ryseuupz ~]# docker start -i centos.7.2
    [root@a258385ce592 /]# ll
    total 56
    -rw-r--r--  1 root root 12114 Nov 13 01:55 anaconda-post.log
    lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root     7 Nov 13 01:53 bin -> usr/bin
    drwxr-xr-x  5 root root   360 Nov 23 11:00 dev
    drwxr-xr-x  1 root root  4096 Nov 23 05:13 etc
    drwxr-xr-x  2 root root  4096 Apr 11  2018 home
    lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root     7 Nov 13 01:53 lib -> usr/lib
    lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root     9 Nov 13 01:53 lib64 -> usr/lib64
    drwxr-xr-x  2 root root  4096 Apr 11  2018 media
    drwxr-xr-x  2 root root  4096 Apr 11  2018 mnt
    drwxr-xr-x  2 root root  4096 Apr 11  2018 opt
    dr-xr-xr-x 95 root root     0 Nov 23 11:00 proc
    dr-xr-x---  1 root root  4096 Nov 23 10:54 root
    drwxr-xr-x 11 root root  4096 Nov 13 01:55 run
    lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root     8 Nov 13 01:53 sbin -> usr/sbin
    drwxr-xr-x  2 root root  4096 Apr 11  2018 srv
    dr-xr-xr-x 13 root root     0 Apr 11  2018 sys
    drwxrwxrwt  7 root root  4096 Nov 13 01:55 tmp
    drwxr-xr-x 13 root root  4096 Nov 13 01:53 usr
    drwxr-xr-x 18 root root  4096 Nov 13 01:54 var
    [root@a258385ce592 /]# exit
    exit
    [root@izoq008ryseuupz ~]# docker ps -a
    CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                      PORTS                                        NAMES
    a258385ce592        centos:7            "/bin/bash"              6 hours ago         Exited (0) 10 seconds ago                                                centos.7.2

## Docker Restart ##

重启一个或多个容器。

docker restart --help

[root@izoq008ryseuupz ~]# docker restart --help
    
    Usage:	docker restart [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]
    
    Restart one or more containers
    
    Options:
      -t, --time int   Seconds to wait for stop before killing the container (default 10)

重启容器`centos.7.2`（不需要容器是运行状态）。

docker restart centos.7.2

[root@izoq008ryseuupz ~]# docker ps -a
    CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                     PORTS                                        NAMES
    a258385ce592        centos:7            "/bin/bash"              6 hours ago         Exited (0) 7 minutes ago                                                centos.7.2
    [root@izoq008ryseuupz ~]# docker restart centos.7.2
    centos.7.2
    [root@izoq008ryseuupz ~]# docker ps
    CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
    a258385ce592        centos:7            "/bin/bash"              6 hours ago         Up 39 seconds                           centos.7.2
    [root@izoq008ryseuupz ~]# docker restart centos.7.2
    centos.7.2
    [root@izoq008ryseuupz ~]# docker ps
    CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
    a258385ce592        centos:7            "/bin/bash"              6 hours ago         Up 3 seconds                            centos.7.2

`-t`选项是在重启容器前等待数秒（默认值10）。

docker restart -t 100 centos.7.2

[root@izoq008ryseuupz ~]# docker restart -t 100 centos.7.2
    centos.7.2
    [root@izoq008ryseuupz ~]# docker ps
    CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
    a258385ce592        centos:7            "/bin/bash"              6 hours ago         Up 14 seconds                           centos.7.2

## Docker RM ##

移除一个或多个容器。

docker rm --help

[root@izoq008ryseuupz ~]# docker rm --help
    
    Usage:	docker rm [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]
    
    Remove one or more containers
    
    Options:
      -f, --force     Force the removal of a running container (uses SIGKILL)
      -l, --link      Remove the specified link
      -v, --volumes   Remove anonymous volumes associated with the container

移除容器`centos.7.1`和`centos.7`。

docker rm centos.7.1 centos.7

[root@izoq008ryseuupz ~]# docker ps -a
    CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                     PORTS                                        NAMES
    a258385ce592        centos:7            "/bin/bash"              6 hours ago         Up 4 minutes                                                            centos.7.2
    cbd85da38a58        centos:7            "/bin/bash"              6 hours ago         Exited (0) 6 hours ago                                                  centos.7.1
    74d0a8d032ff        centos:7            "/bin/bash"              7 hours ago         Exited (137) 6 hours ago                                                centos.7
    [root@izoq008ryseuupz ~]# docker rm centos.7.1 centos.7
    centos.7.1
    centos.7
    [root@izoq008ryseuupz ~]# docker ps -a
    CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                    PORTS                                        NAMES
    a258385ce592        centos:7            "/bin/bash"              6 hours ago         Up 5 minutes                                                           centos.7.2

这种方法不能移除正在运行的容器。

docker rm centos.7.2

[root@izoq008ryseuupz ~]# docker rm centos.7.2
    Error response from daemon: You cannot remove a running container a258385ce59290615b250405beaf403aecc9ff75679641a0d8091795b7dc44f7. Stop the container before attempting removal or force remove

可以使用`-f`选项进行强制移除。

docker rm -f centos.7.2

[root@izoq008ryseuupz ~]# docker rm -f centos.7.2
    centos.7.2
    [root@izoq008ryseuupz ~]# docker ps -a
    CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                    PORTS                                        NAMES

移除所有容器；组合选项`-aq`是选项`-a`和`-q`的简写，即代表所有容器ID。

docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq)

[root@izoq008ryseuupz ~]# docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq)
    220188bb364f
    fd00901dfbbb
    fab31562aeac
    fecbf8c1b956
    a4cfeb0679fd
    ae23a046566b
    aa6a63e58682
    5e73372c49d3
    1655972bf5cd
    ed1eb87a4d97
    da76541620b1
    1539964c89a1
    c1b657c7608c
    64105665545b
    bc3a0ef096ed
    [root@izoq008ryseuupz ~]# docker ps -a
    CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES

其他选项可以自己试一试。

## Docker Attach ##

进入容器内部。

docker attach --help

[root@izoq008ryseuupz ~]# docker attach --help
    
    Usage:	docker attach [OPTIONS] CONTAINER
    
    Attach local standard input, output, and error streams to a running container
    
    Options:
          --detach-keys string   Override the key sequence for detaching a container
          --no-stdin             Do not attach STDIN
          --sig-proxy            Proxy all received signals to the process (default true)

进入容器`centos.7.2`内部。

docker attach centos.7.2

[root@izoq008ryseuupz ~]# docker attach centos.7.2
    [root@dfe33f1c3ab1 /]# ll
    total 56
    -rw-r--r--  1 root root 12114 Nov 13 01:55 anaconda-post.log
    lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root     7 Nov 13 01:53 bin -> usr/bin
    drwxr-xr-x  5 root root   360 Nov 23 11:35 dev
    drwxr-xr-x  1 root root  4096 Nov 23 11:34 etc
    drwxr-xr-x  2 root root  4096 Apr 11  2018 home
    lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root     7 Nov 13 01:53 lib -> usr/lib
    lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root     9 Nov 13 01:53 lib64 -> usr/lib64
    drwxr-xr-x  2 root root  4096 Apr 11  2018 media
    drwxr-xr-x  2 root root  4096 Apr 11  2018 mnt
    drwxr-xr-x  2 root root  4096 Apr 11  2018 opt
    dr-xr-xr-x 89 root root     0 Nov 23 11:35 proc
    dr-xr-x---  1 root root  4096 Nov 23 11:34 root
    drwxr-xr-x 11 root root  4096 Nov 13 01:55 run
    lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root     8 Nov 13 01:53 sbin -> usr/sbin
    drwxr-xr-x  2 root root  4096 Apr 11  2018 srv
    dr-xr-xr-x 13 root root     0 Apr 11  2018 sys
    drwxrwxrwt  7 root root  4096 Nov 13 01:55 tmp
    drwxr-xr-x 13 root root  4096 Nov 13 01:53 usr
    drwxr-xr-x 18 root root  4096 Nov 13 01:54 var

其他选项可以自己试一试。

## Docker Logs ##

获取容器的日志。

docker logs --help

[root@izoq008ryseuupz ~]# docker logs --help
    
    Usage:	docker logs [OPTIONS] CONTAINER
    
    Fetch the logs of a container
    
    Options:
          --details        Show extra details provided to logs
      -f, --follow         Follow log output
          --since string   Show logs since timestamp (e.g. 2013-01-02T13:23:37) or relative (e.g. 42m for 42 minutes)
          --tail string    Number of lines to show from the end of the logs (default "all")
      -t, --timestamps     Show timestamps
          --until string   Show logs before a timestamp (e.g. 2013-01-02T13:23:37) or relative (e.g. 42m for 42 minutes)

获取容器`centos.7.2`的日志。

docker logs centos.7.2

[root@izoq008ryseuupz ~]# docker logs centos.7.2
    [root@dfe33f1c3ab1 /]# docker ps -a
    bash: docker: command not found
    [root@dfe33f1c3ab1 /]# exit
    exit
    [root@dfe33f1c3ab1 /]# ll
    total 56
    -rw-r--r--  1 root root 12114 Nov 13 01:55 anaconda-post.log
    lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root     7 Nov 13 01:53 bin -> usr/bin
    drwxr-xr-x  5 root root   360 Nov 23 11:35 dev
    drwxr-xr-x  1 root root  4096 Nov 23 11:34 etc
    drwxr-xr-x  2 root root  4096 Apr 11  2018 home
    lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root     7 Nov 13 01:53 lib -> usr/lib
    lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root     9 Nov 13 01:53 lib64 -> usr/lib64
    drwxr-xr-x  2 root root  4096 Apr 11  2018 media
    drwxr-xr-x  2 root root  4096 Apr 11  2018 mnt
    drwxr-xr-x  2 root root  4096 Apr 11  2018 opt
    dr-xr-xr-x 89 root root     0 Nov 23 11:35 proc
    dr-xr-x---  1 root root  4096 Nov 23 11:34 root
    drwxr-xr-x 11 root root  4096 Nov 13 01:55 run
    lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root     8 Nov 13 01:53 sbin -> usr/sbin
    drwxr-xr-x  2 root root  4096 Apr 11  2018 srv
    dr-xr-xr-x 13 root root     0 Apr 11  2018 sys
    drwxrwxrwt  7 root root  4096 Nov 13 01:55 tmp
    drwxr-xr-x 13 root root  4096 Nov 13 01:53 usr
    drwxr-xr-x 18 root root  4096 Nov 13 01:54 var
    [root@dfe33f1c3ab1 /]# ^C
    [root@dfe33f1c3ab1 /]# exit
    exit

使用`-t`选项可以得到每条日志的时间戳。

docker logs -t centos.7.2

[root@izoq008ryseuupz ~]# docker logs -t centos.7.2
    [root@dfe33f1c3ab1 /]# docker ps -a
    2020-11-23T11:34:43.566995980Z bash: docker: command not found
    2020-11-23T11:34:49.893516887Z [root@dfe33f1c3ab1 /]# exit
    2020-11-23T11:34:49.893542753Z exit
    [root@dfe33f1c3ab1 /]# ll
    2020-11-23T11:37:19.154564430Z total 56
    2020-11-23T11:37:19.154568643Z -rw-r--r--  1 root root 12114 Nov 13 01:55 anaconda-post.log
    2020-11-23T11:37:19.154571936Z lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root     7 Nov 13 01:53 bin -> usr/bin
    2020-11-23T11:37:19.154575318Z drwxr-xr-x  5 root root   360 Nov 23 11:35 dev
    2020-11-23T11:37:19.154577984Z drwxr-xr-x  1 root root  4096 Nov 23 11:34 etc
    2020-11-23T11:37:19.154580430Z drwxr-xr-x  2 root root  4096 Apr 11  2018 home
    2020-11-23T11:37:19.154583081Z lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root     7 Nov 13 01:53 lib -> usr/lib
    2020-11-23T11:37:19.154585744Z lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root     9 Nov 13 01:53 lib64 -> usr/lib64
    2020-11-23T11:37:19.154588450Z drwxr-xr-x  2 root root  4096 Apr 11  2018 media
    2020-11-23T11:37:19.154590994Z drwxr-xr-x  2 root root  4096 Apr 11  2018 mnt
    2020-11-23T11:37:19.154593486Z drwxr-xr-x  2 root root  4096 Apr 11  2018 opt
    2020-11-23T11:37:19.154595932Z dr-xr-xr-x 89 root root     0 Nov 23 11:35 proc
    2020-11-23T11:37:19.154598427Z dr-xr-x---  1 root root  4096 Nov 23 11:34 root
    2020-11-23T11:37:19.154600899Z drwxr-xr-x 11 root root  4096 Nov 13 01:55 run
    2020-11-23T11:37:19.154603363Z lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root     8 Nov 13 01:53 sbin -> usr/sbin
    2020-11-23T11:37:19.154606005Z drwxr-xr-x  2 root root  4096 Apr 11  2018 srv
    2020-11-23T11:37:19.154608471Z dr-xr-xr-x 13 root root     0 Apr 11  2018 sys
    2020-11-23T11:37:19.154610953Z drwxrwxrwt  7 root root  4096 Nov 13 01:55 tmp
    2020-11-23T11:37:19.154613413Z drwxr-xr-x 13 root root  4096 Nov 13 01:53 usr
    2020-11-23T11:37:19.154615882Z drwxr-xr-x 18 root root  4096 Nov 13 01:54 var
    2020-11-23T11:37:23.647675495Z [root@dfe33f1c3ab1 /]# ^C
    2020-11-23T11:39:24.491498588Z [root@dfe33f1c3ab1 /]# exit
    2020-11-23T11:39:24.491522428Z exit

获取最后几条日志。

docker logs --tail 5 centos.7.2

[root@izoq008ryseuupz ~]# docker logs --tail 5 centos.7.2
    drwxr-xr-x 13 root root  4096 Nov 13 01:53 usr
    drwxr-xr-x 18 root root  4096 Nov 13 01:54 var
    [root@dfe33f1c3ab1 /]# ^C
    [root@dfe33f1c3ab1 /]# exit
    exit

其他选项可以自己试一试。

## Docker Top ##

展示容器内部运行的进程。

docker top --help

[root@izoq008ryseuupz ~]# docker top --help
    
    Usage:	docker top CONTAINER [ps OPTIONS]
    
    Display the running processes of a container

查看容器`centos.7.2`中运行的进程。

docker top centos.7.2

[root@izoq008ryseuupz ~]# docker top centos.7.2
    UID                 PID                 PPID                C                   STIME               TTY                 TIME                CMD
    root                1009                993                 0                   19:58               pts/0               00:00:00            /bin/bash

## Docker Inspect ##

返回Docker对象的低级信息，所以它可以对容器使用，也可以对镜像使用，只要是`Docker objects`即可。

docker inspect --help

[root@izoq008ryseuupz ~]# docker inspect --help
    
    Usage:	docker inspect [OPTIONS] NAME|ID [NAME|ID...]
    
    Return low-level information on Docker objects
    
    Options:
      -f, --format string   Format the output using the given Go template
      -s, --size            Display total file sizes if the type is container
          --type string     Return JSON for specified type

镜像`centos:7`的低级信息。

docker inspect centos:7

[root@izoq008ryseuupz ~]# docker inspect centos:7
    [
        { 
            "Id": "sha256:8652b9f0cb4c0599575e5a003f5906876e10c1ceb2ab9fe1786712dac14a50cf",
            "RepoTags": [
                "centos:7"
            ],
            "RepoDigests": [
                "centos@sha256:0f4ec88e21daf75124b8a9e5ca03c37a5e937e0e108a255d890492430789b60e"
            ],
            "Parent": "",
            "Comment": "",
            "Created": "2020-11-14T00:20:04.644613188Z",
            "Container": "b454ba2d27117a169c53eb4c14faf363cb6aaca84df43408581fb748cc2bf796",
    ...
    ]

容器`centos.7.2`的低级信息。

docker inspect centos.7.2

[root@izoq008ryseuupz ~]# docker inspect centos.7.2
    [
        { 
            "Id": "dfe33f1c3ab1db72c06965fcf54da895d6466cf8b990f1147916eb3c9d6009ca",
            "Created": "2020-11-23T11:34:37.28727717Z",
            "Path": "/bin/bash",
            "Args": [],
            "State": { 
                "Status": "running",
                "Running": true,
                "Paused": false,
                "Restarting": false,
                "OOMKilled": false,
                "Dead": false,
                "Pid": 1009,
                "ExitCode": 0,
                "Error": "",
                "StartedAt": "2020-11-23T11:58:44.691540365Z",
                "FinishedAt": "2020-11-23T11:39:24.489513335Z"
            },
            "Image": "sha256:8652b9f0cb4c0599575e5a003f5906876e10c1ceb2ab9fe1786712dac14a50cf",
    ...
    ]

其他选项可以自己试一试。

## Docker CP ##

将容器中的文件`copy`到本地文件系统中。

docker cp --help

[root@izoq008ryseuupz ~]# docker cp --help
    
    Usage:	docker cp [OPTIONS] CONTAINER:SRC_PATH DEST_PATH|-
    	docker cp [OPTIONS] SRC_PATH|- CONTAINER:DEST_PATH
    
    Copy files/folders between a container and the local filesystem
    
    Use '-' as the source to read a tar archive from stdin
    and extract it to a directory destination in a container.
    Use '-' as the destination to stream a tar archive of a
    container source to stdout.
    
    Options:
      -a, --archive       Archive mode (copy all uid/gid information)
      -L, --follow-link   Always follow symbol link in SRC_PATH

进入容器`centos.7.2`中创建`kaven`文件。

[root@dfe33f1c3ab1 /]# echo "this is kaven" > kaven

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM3OTYwNjAz_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]  
将容器`centos.7.2`中的`kaven`文件`copy`到本地。

[root@izoq008ryseuupz ~]# docker cp centos.7.2:/kaven kaven

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM3OTYwNjAz_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]  
可以看到`copy`的文件是正确的。

[root@izoq008ryseuupz ~]# vim kaven

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM3OTYwNjAz_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2]  
其他选项可以自己试一试。

## Docker Commit ##

根据容器的更改创建新的镜像。

docker commit --help

[root@izoq008ryseuupz ~]# docker commit --help
    
    Usage:	docker commit [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [REPOSITORY[:TAG]]
    
    Create a new image from a container's changes
    
    Options:
      -a, --author string    Author (e.g., "John Hannibal Smith <hannibal@a-team.com>")
      -c, --change list      Apply Dockerfile instruction to the created image
      -m, --message string   Commit message
      -p, --pause            Pause container during commit (default true)

根据当前的容器`centos.7.2`，创建一个新的镜像`kaven/centos:7.2`。

docker commit -a "kaven" -m "this is image" centos.7.2 kaven/centos:7.2

[root@izoq008ryseuupz ~]# docker commit -a "kaven" -m "this is image" centos.7.2 kaven/centos:7.2
    sha256:6166378a65c385ec1622d3c5c63f4d1e88ac53cea80cf3703234c9cd48969620
    [root@izoq008ryseuupz ~]# docker images
    REPOSITORY                                                     TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
    kaven/centos                                                   7.2                 6166378a65c3        9 seconds ago       204MB

根据新的镜像`kaven/centos:7.2`，再去创建并运行新的容器`centos.7.3`。

docker run -it --name centos.7.3 kaven/centos:7.2

可见新的容器`centos.7.3`中也有`kaven`文件。

[root@izoq008ryseuupz ~]# docker run -it --name centos.7.3 kaven/centos:7.2
    [root@f6356144219e /]# ll
    total 60
    -rw-r--r--  1 root root 12114 Nov 13 01:55 anaconda-post.log
    lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root     7 Nov 13 01:53 bin -> usr/bin
    drwxr-xr-x  5 root root   360 Nov 23 12:32 dev
    drwxr-xr-x  1 root root  4096 Nov 23 12:32 etc
    drwxr-xr-x  2 root root  4096 Apr 11  2018 home
    -rw-r--r--  1 root root    14 Nov 23 12:14 kaven
    lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root     7 Nov 13 01:53 lib -> usr/lib
    lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root     9 Nov 13 01:53 lib64 -> usr/lib64
    drwxr-xr-x  2 root root  4096 Apr 11  2018 media
    drwxr-xr-x  2 root root  4096 Apr 11  2018 mnt
    drwxr-xr-x  2 root root  4096 Apr 11  2018 opt
    dr-xr-xr-x 94 root root     0 Nov 23 12:32 proc
    dr-xr-x---  1 root root  4096 Nov 23 11:34 root
    drwxr-xr-x 11 root root  4096 Nov 13 01:55 run
    lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root     8 Nov 13 01:53 sbin -> usr/sbin
    drwxr-xr-x  2 root root  4096 Apr 11  2018 srv
    dr-xr-xr-x 13 root root     0 Apr 11  2018 sys
    drwxrwxrwt  7 root root  4096 Nov 13 01:55 tmp
    drwxr-xr-x 13 root root  4096 Nov 13 01:53 usr
    drwxr-xr-x 18 root root  4096 Nov 13 01:54 var

其他选项可以自己试一试。

Docker Container及Container命令详解就介绍到这里。

写博客是博主记录自己的学习过程，如果有错误，请指正，谢谢！

[Docker - Docker Image_Image]: https://kaven.blog.csdn.net/article/details/109922175
[20201123105633107.png]: /images/20221120/8c7f790a91b2457489540f734d7879bf.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM3OTYwNjAz_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]: /images/20221120/5d6c9458e8d14f08ac85aac01b2b9f81.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM3OTYwNjAz_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20201123202018654.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM3OTYwNjAz,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM3OTYwNjAz_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/2020112320210292.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM3OTYwNjAz,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70