nginx 的平滑升级

我就是我 2022-12-17 02:22 536阅读 0赞

### **1、为什么要对 nginx 平滑升级** ###

随着 `nginx` 越来越流行，并且 `nginx` 的优势也越来越明显，`nginx` 的版本迭代也来时加速模式，1.9.0版本的nginx更新了许多新功能，例如 `stream` 四层代理功能，伴随着 `nginx` 的广泛应用，版本升级必然越来越快，线上业务不能停，此时 `nginx` 的升级就是运维的工作了

**nginx 方便地帮助我们实现了平滑升级。其原理简单概括，就是：** （1）在不停掉老进程的情况下，启动新进程。 （2）老进程负责处理仍然没有处理完的请求，但不再接受处理请求。 （3）新进程接受新请求。 （4）老进程处理完所有请求，关闭所有连接后，停止。 这样就很方便地实现了平滑升级。一般有两种情况下需要升级 nginx，一种是确实要升级 nginx 的版本，另一种是要为 nginx 添加新的模块

**Nginx信号简介**

**主进程支持的信号**

*  `TERM`, `INT`: 立刻退出
 *  `QUIT`: 等待工作进程结束后再退出
 *  `KILL`: 强制终止进程
 *  `HUP`: 重新加载配置文件，使用新的配置启动工作进程，并逐步关闭旧进程。
 *  `USR1`: 重新打开日志文件
 *  `USR2`: 启动新的主进程，实现热升级
 *  `WINCH`: 逐步关闭工作进程

**工作进程支持的信号**

*  `TERM`, `INT`: 立刻退出
 *  `QUIT`: 等待请求处理结束后再退出
 *  `USR1`: 重新打开日志文件

### **3、nginx 平滑升级实战** ###

1、查看现有的 nginx 编译参数

[root@nginx-server ~]# cd /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -V

按照原来的编译参数安装 nginx 的方法进行安装，**只需要到 make，千万不要 make install** 。如果make install 会将原来的配置文件覆盖

[root@nginx-server ~]# cd /usr/local/nginx-1.16.0/
    [root@nginx-server nginx-1.16.0]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --group=nginx --user=nginx --sbin-path=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx --conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log --http-client-body-temp-path=/tmp/nginx/client_body --http-proxy-temp-path=/tmp/nginx/proxy --http-fastcgi-temp-path=/tmp/nginx/fastcgi --pid-path=/var/run/nginx.pid --lock-path=/var/lock/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-pcre --with-http_realip_module --with-stream --with-http_image_filter_module
    [root@nginx-server nginx-1.16.0]# make

### **3、备份原 nginx 二进制文件** ###

备份二进制文件和 nginx 的配置文件（期间nginx不会停止服务）

[root@nginx-server nginx-1.16.0]# mv /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx_$(date +%F)

4、复制新的nginx二进制文件，进入新的nginx源码包

[root@nginx-server nginx-1.16.0]# cp /usr/local/nginx-1.16.0/objs/nginx /usr/local/nginx/sbin/

5、测试新版本的nginx是否正常

[root@nginx-server nginx-1.16.0]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t

6、给nginx发送平滑迁移信号（若不清楚pid路径，请查看nginx配置文件）

[root@nginx-server ~]# kill -USR2 `cat /var/run/nginx.pid`

7、查看nginx pid，会出现一个nginx.pid.oldbin

[root@nginx-server ~]# ll /var/run/nginx.pid*
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5 Jul  1 11:29 /var/run/nginx.pid
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5 Jul  1 09:54 /var/run/nginx.pid.oldbin

8、从容关闭旧的Nginx进程

[root@nginx-server ~]# kill -WINCH `cat /var/run/nginx.pid.oldbin`

9、此时不重载配置启动旧的工作进程

[root@nginx-server ~]# kill -HUP `cat /var/run/nginx.pid.oldbin`

10、结束工作进程，完成此次升级

[root@nginx-server ~]# kill -QUIT `cat /var/run/nginx.pid.oldbin`

11、验证Nginx是否升级成功

[root@nginx-server ~]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -V

### **4、升级实验** ###

**1、安装配置1.6版本的 nginx**，重新开启一台机器

[root@localhost ~]# yum install -y gcc gcc-c++ pcre-devel openssl-devel zlib-devel
    [root@localhost ~]# tar xzf nginx-1.6.3.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
    [root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/nginx-1.6.3
    [root@localhost nginx-1.6.3]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-http_stub_status_module
    [root@localhost nginx-1.6.3]# make && make install
    [root@localhost nginx-1.6.3]# useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin nginx
    [root@localhost nginx-1.6.3]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t 
    nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
    nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
    [root@localhost nginx-1.6.3]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx 
    [root@localhost nginx-1.6.3]# netstat -lntp
    Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State       PID/Program name    
    tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:80              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      13989/nginx: master

**2、查看版本和模块**

[root@localhost nginx-1.6.3]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -V 
    nginx version: nginx/1.6.3
    built by gcc 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-36) (GCC) 
    configure arguments: --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-http_stub_status_module
    [root@localhost nginx-1.6.3]# echo "nginx1.6" > /usr/local/nginx/html/index.html
    [root@localhost nginx-1.6.3]# yum install -y elinks

**4、访问验证**

[root@localhost nginx-1.6.3]# elinks 10.0.105.189

![23cacc0afcef33b0e0574bb73c93dfba.png][]

**5、升级nginx**

将 nginx 版本进行升级 并在不影响业务的情况下添加 SSL 和 pcre 模块

[root@localhost ~]# tar xzf nginx-1.12.2.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
    [root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/nginx-1.12.2/
    [root@localhost nginx-1.12.2]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --user=nginx --group=ngiinx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-pcre
    [root@localhost nginx-1.12.2]# make
    [root@localhost nginx-1.12.2]# cd
    [root@localhost ~]# mv /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx_lod
    [root@localhost ~]# cp /usr/local/nginx-1.12.2/objs/nginx /usr/local/nginx/sbin/
    [root@localhost ~]# mv /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf.bak
    [root@localhost ~]# kill -USR2 `cat /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid`
    [root@localhost ~]# ls /usr/local/nginx/logs/
    access.log  error.log  nginx.pid
    [root@localhost ~]# ps aux | grep nginx 
    root      13989  0.0  0.0  24860   952 ?        Ss   13:55   0:00 nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
    nginx     13990  0.0  0.1  25284  1720 ?        S    13:55   0:00 nginx: worker process
    root      16525  0.0  0.0 112708   976 pts/2    S+   14:09   0:00 grep --color=auto nginx

![5157d2544bb2833f9020f53345efe77f.png][]

### **16、nginx 错误页面配置** ###

nginx错误页面包括404 403 500 502 503 504等页面，只需要在server中增加以下配置即可：

#error_page  404 403 500 502 503 504  /404.html;
                    location = /404.html {
                            root   /usr/local/nginx/html;
                    }

**注意：**

/usr/local/nginx/html/ 路径下必须有404.html这个文件！！！

404.html上如果引用其他文件的png或css就会有问题，显示不出来，因为其他文件的访问也要做配置； 为了简单，可以将css嵌入文件中，图片用base编码嵌入；如下：

[root@localhost html]# vim 404.html
    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html>
        <head>
            <meta charset="UTF-8" />
            <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=1" />
            <title>404</title>
            <style>
                .layout-table{display:table;height:100%;width:100%;vertical-align: middle;margin-top:150px}
                .layout-table-cell{display: table-cell;vertical-align: middle;text-align:center}
                .layout-tip{font-size:28px;color:#373737;margin: 0 auto;margin-top:16px;border-bottom: 1px solid #eee;padding-bottom: 20px;width: 360px;}
                #tips{font-size:18px;color:#666666;margin-top:16px;}
            </style>
        </head>
        <body class="layui-layout-body">
            <div class="layui-layout layui-layout-admin">
                
                <div class="layui-body">
                    <div class="layout-table">
                        <div class="layout-table-cell">
                            <img 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" class="layout-img">
                            <p class="layout-tip">哎呀，找不到该页面啦！</p>
                            <p id="tips">请检查您的网络连接是否正常或者输入的网址是否正确</p>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>
            
        </body>
    </html>

展示效果；

![3e55a9eb981a3d74deb87ce40b161e33.png][]

[23cacc0afcef33b0e0574bb73c93dfba.png]: /images/20221123/911992b47eee46f38f24da5a09f0b033.png
[5157d2544bb2833f9020f53345efe77f.png]: /images/20221123/df4d762a380b4d8aa9633fe5bbbc4ee3.png
[3e55a9eb981a3d74deb87ce40b161e33.png]: /images/20221123/9f81771566564517a03b3d53b9916620.png