SpringIOC随笔（六）-依赖注入（DI）

「爱情、让人受尽委屈。」 2022-12-16 14:25 249阅读 0赞

# SpringIOC随笔（六）-依赖注入（DI） #

*  DI(Dependency Injection)
 *  概念：对象之间的关系的装配交给容器来管理。
 *  ## 注入的方式： ##
    
    1.  ### 构造注入： ###
        
        1.  顾名思义，构造注入就是使用构造方法注入，所以使用构造注入肯定要写对应的构造方法。下面直接上例子：
        2.  
        
        public class User implements Serializable \{  
        private static final long serialVersionUID = 84601116866236075L;
        
            private String username;
             private String password;
               private Department department;
            
               public User() {
               }
            
               public User(String username, String password) {
                   this.username = username;
                   this.password = password;
               }
            
               public User(String username, String password, Department department) {
                   this.username = username;
                   this.password = password;
                   this.department = department;
               }
            
               public String getUsername() {
                   return username;
               }
            
               public void setUsername(String username) {
                   this.username = username;
               }
            
               public String getPassword() {
                   return password;
               }
            
               public void setPassword(String password) {
                   this.password = password;
               }
            
               public Department getDepartment() {
                   return department;
               }
            
               public void setDepartment(Department department) {
                   this.department = department;
               }
            
               @Override
               public String toString() {
                   return "User{" +
                           "username='" + username + '\'' +
                           ", password='" + password + '\'' +
                           ", department=" + department +
                           '}';
               }
        
        \}  
        public class Department implements Serializable \{  
        private static final long serialVersionUID = -7390074405145933835L;
        
            private Integer id;
            
               private String departmentName;
            
               private String address;
            
               public Department() {
               }
            
               public Department(Integer id, String departmentName, String address) {
                   this.id = id;
                   this.departmentName = departmentName;
                   this.address = address;
               }
            
               public Integer getId() {
                   return id;
               }
            
               public void setId(Integer id) {
                   this.id = id;
               }
            
               public String getDepartmentName() {
                   return departmentName;
               }
            
               public void setDepartmentName(String departmentName) {
                   this.departmentName = departmentName;
               }
            
               public String getAddress() {
                   return address;
               }
            
               public void setAddress(String address) {
                   this.address = address;
               }
            
               @Override
               public String toString() {
                   return "Department{" +
                           "id=" + id +
                           ", departmentName='" + departmentName + '\'' +
                           ", address='" + address + '\'' +
                           '}';
               }
        
        \}
        
            3. 
            ```xml
            <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
            <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
            
                <bean id="user" class="com.fxyh.spring.di.User">
                    <constructor-arg index="0" value="zhangsan"/>
                    <constructor-arg index="1" value="123456"/>
                    
                    
                    <constructor-arg index="2">
                        
                        <bean class="com.fxyh.spring.di.Department">
                            <constructor-arg index="0" value="2"/>
                            <constructor-arg index="1" value="Ali"/>
                            <constructor-arg index="2" value="hangzhou"/>
                        </bean>
                    </constructor-arg>
                </bean>
            
                <bean id="department" class="com.fxyh.spring.di.Department">
                    <constructor-arg index="0" value="1"/>
                    <constructor-arg index="1" value="Baidu"/>
                    <constructor-arg index="2" value="shengzhen"/>
                </bean>
            
            </beans>
        
        1.      @ContextConfiguration("classpath*:applicationContext-di.xml")
                @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
                public class UserTest {
                          
                
                    @Autowired
                    private User user;
                
                    @Test
                    public void test() {
                          
                        System.out.println(this.user);
                    }
                }
        2.  这里使用的是Spring-test，然后省去了很多代码。
            
             *      <dependency>
                      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                      <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
                      <version>4.3.21.RELEASE</version>
                    </dependency>
                    <dependency>
                      <groupId>junit</groupId>
                      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
                      <version>4.12</version>
                      <scope>test</scope>
                    </dependency>
    2.  ### setter注入 ###
        
        1.  使用setXxx方法注入的方式，这里不提了。
    3.  ### 集合注入 ###
        
        1.  array，list，set，map，properties注入。
        2.      <bean id="collectionDemo" class="com.fxyh.spring.di.CollectionDemo">
                        <property name="arrayValue">
                            <array>
                                <value>zhangsan</value>
                                <value>lisi</value>
                                <value>wangwu</value>
                            </array>
                        </property>
                        <property name="listValue">
                            <list>
                                <value>beijin</value>
                                <value>shanghai</value>
                                <value>hangzhou</value>
                                <value>shenzhen</value>
                            </list>
                        </property>
                        <property name="setValue">
                            <set>
                                <value>aaa</value>
                                <value>bbb</value>
                                <value>ccc</value>
                                <value>ddd</value>
                            </set>
                        </property>
                        <property name="mapValue">
                            <map>
                                <entry key="key1" value="111"/>
                                <entry key="key2" value="222"/>
                                <entry key="key3" value="333"/>
                                <entry key="key4" value="444"/>
                            </map>
                        </property>
                        <property name="properties">
                            <props>
                                <prop key="driverClassName">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</prop>
                                <prop key="url">jdbc:mysql:///fxyh</prop>
                                <prop key="username">root</prop>
                                <prop key="password">root</prop>
                            </props>
                        </property>
                    </bean>
        3.      public class CollectionDemo implements Serializable {
                          
                    private static final long serialVersionUID = -4477381744799533624L;
                
                    private String[] arrayValue;
                    private List<String> listValue;
                    private Set<String> setValue;
                    private Map<String, Object> mapValue;
                    private Properties properties;
                
                    public String[] getArrayValue() {
                          
                        return arrayValue;
                    }
                
                    public void setArrayValue(String[] arrayValue) {
                          
                        this.arrayValue = arrayValue;
                    }
                
                    public List<String> getListValue() {
                          
                        return listValue;
                    }
                
                    public void setListValue(List<String> listValue) {
                          
                        this.listValue = listValue;
                    }
                
                    public Set<String> getSetValue() {
                          
                        return setValue;
                    }
                
                    public void setSetValue(Set<String> setValue) {
                          
                        this.setValue = setValue;
                    }
                
                    public Map<String, Object> getMapValue() {
                          
                        return mapValue;
                    }
                
                    public void setMapValue(Map<String, Object> mapValue) {
                          
                        this.mapValue = mapValue;
                    }
                
                    public Properties getProperties() {
                          
                        return properties;
                    }
                
                    public void setProperties(Properties properties) {
                          
                        this.properties = properties;
                    }
                
                    @Override
                    public String toString() {
                          
                        return "CollectionDemo{" +
                                "arrayValue=" + Arrays.toString(arrayValue) +
                                ", listValue=" + listValue +
                                ", setValue=" + setValue +
                                ", mapValue=" + mapValue +
                                ", properties=" + properties +
                                '}';
                    }
                }
    4.  ### 抽象Bean ###
        
        1.  把公共的东西抽象出来，然后需要用到的使用parent。
        2.      <bean id="abstractDemo" abstract="true">
                  <property name="id" value="1"/>
                  <property name="username" value="zhangsan"/>
                </bean>
                <bean id="abstractDemo1" class="com.fxyh.spring.di.AbstractDemo1" parent="abstractDemo">
                  <property name="password" value="123456"/>
                </bean>
                <bean id="abstractDemo2" class="com.fxyh.spring.di.AbstractDemo2" parent="abstractDemo">
                  <property name="age" value="22"/>
                </bean>
                <bean id="abstractDemo3" class="com.fxyh.spring.di.AbstractDemo3" parent="abstractDemo">
                  <property name="address" value="jiangxi"/>
                  <property name="id" value="2"/>
                </bean>
        3.  这里abstractDemo是抽象Bean，然后使用parent对应这个则对应的属性就会被赋值，并且在自己的bean中重新给这个属性赋值了，那么这个属性将会把抽象bean中的属性的值给覆盖掉。
    5.  ### 自定义属性编辑器 ###
        
        1.  `no matching editors or conversion strategy found`
        2.  比如我注入的时候注入时间，我直接写字符串的时间，然后这肯定是会报错的，就上面说的那个错误，无法注入。
        3.  所以我们需要自定义属性编辑器。
        4.      import org.apache.commons.lang3.time.DateUtils;
                
                import java.beans.PropertyEditorSupport;
                import java.text.ParseException;
                import java.util.Date;
                
                public class CustomDatePropertyEditor extends PropertyEditorSupport {
                          
                    @Override
                    public void setAsText(String text) throws IllegalArgumentException {
                          
                        Date date = null;
                        try {
                          
                            date = DateUtils.parseDate(text, "yyyy-MM-dd");
                        } catch (ParseException e) {
                          
                            e.printStackTrace();
                        }
                
                        this.setValue(date);
                    }
                }
        5.      <bean id="person" class="com.fxyh.spring.di.Person">
                        <property name="id" value="1"/>
                        <property name="username" value="zhangsan"/>
                        <property name="salary" value="#{10*new java.util.Random().nextInt(10)}"/>
                        <property name="createDate" value="2019-06-30"/>
                    </bean>
                
                    <bean id="customEditorConfigurer" class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.CustomEditorConfigurer">
                        <property name="customEditors">
                            <map>
                                <entry key="java.util.Date" value="com.fxyh.spring.di.CustomDatePropertyEditor"/>
                            </map>
                        </property>
                    </bean>
        6.  自定义属性编辑器我们需要继承PropertyEditorSupport类，然后重写它的setAsText方法。现在已经不推荐使用了，推荐使用自定义转换器。
    6.  ### 自定义转换器 ###
        
        1.  实现Converter接口，注意：`org.springframework.core.convert.converter.Converter`包路径。
        2.  然后实现convert方法，在里面写对应的逻辑。
        3.      import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
                import org.apache.commons.lang3.time.DateUtils;
                import org.springframework.core.convert.converter.Converter;
                
                import java.text.ParseException;
                import java.util.Date;
                
                public class CustomDateConverter implements Converter<String, Date> {
                          
                
                    private String[] parsePatterns;
                
                    public void setParsePatterns(String[] parsePatterns) {
                          
                        this.parsePatterns = parsePatterns;
                    }
                
                    @Override
                    public Date convert(String source) {
                          
                        Date date = null;
                        if (StringUtils.isBlank(source)){
                          
                            throw new IllegalArgumentException("");
                        }
                        try {
                          
                            date = DateUtils.parseDate(source, this.parsePatterns);
                        } catch (ParseException e) {
                          
                            e.printStackTrace();
                        }
                        return date;
                    }
                }
        4.      <bean id="conversionService" class="org.springframework.format.support.FormattingConversionServiceFactoryBean">
                        <property name="converters">
                            <set>
                                <bean class="com.fxyh.spring.di.CustomDateConverter">
                                    <property name="parsePatterns">
                                        <array>
                                            <value>yyyy-MM-dd</value>
                                            <value>yyyy/MM/dd</value>
                                        </array>
                                    </property>
                                </bean>
                            </set>
                        </property>
                    </bean>
        5.  这里注意这个转换器bean的id，我用其他的试都是没用，只有把id改成conversionService才能使用。
 *  ## ByName&ByType ##
    
     *  ByName：根据名称匹配
     *  ByType：根据类型匹配
     *  这里有个比较经典的异常`Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.NoUniqueBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'com.fxyh.spring.dao.UserDao' available: expected single matching bean but found 2: userDao111111,userDao`
     *  这个接口有两个实现类，然后现在spring不知道选择哪个实现类注入就报这个异常了。
     *      <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
            <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                   xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd"
                   default-autowire="byType">
            
                <bean id="userService" class="com.fxyh.spring.service.impl.UserServiceImpl" autowire="byName"/>
            
                <bean id="userDao111111" class="com.fxyh.spring.dao.impl.UserDaoMyBatisImpl"/>
                <bean id="userDao" class="com.fxyh.spring.dao.impl.UserDaoHibernateImpl"/>
            </beans>
     *  这里在beans上使用了default-autowire为byType，所以这个beans下的bean都会根据类型自动注入，而此时有userDao和userDao111111都是实现了UserDao接口，所以两个都符合要求，然后bean就不知道要注入哪一个了，而这里我们又在userService配置了autowire为byName，此时userService是根据名称来匹配的，则只有userDao一个匹配成功。（这里提供setter方法，然后把setter方法set去掉，然后第一个字母小写，就是名称）
     *  **同时在配置中局部配置优先于全局配置！**
 *  ## 注解编程 ##
    
     *  @Autowired
        
         *  属于Spring框架的注解
         *  先按类型匹配，如果匹配不到再按名称匹配
     *  @Resource
        
         *  属于JavaEE规范的注解
         *  先按名称匹配，如果匹配不到再按类型匹配
     *  @Qualifier
        
         *  和@Autowired结合使用的时候，按照类型匹配，不按类型匹配。
         *  @Resource原本就是按名称所以在它按名称找不到的时候，使用@Qualifier设置的名称匹配。
     *  @Component
        
         *  把这个类注解为一个组件
     *  @Repository
        
         *  数据库交互层使用的注解（Dao）
     *  @Service
        
         *  服务层使用的注解
     *  @Controller
        
         *  控制层使用的注解
     *  @Configuration
        
         *  配置类注解
     *  @Bean
        
         *  把这个方法注解成一个创建bean的方法。
     *  **使用注解开发首先不能少了组件扫描，开启开关。**
        
         *      <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
                <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
                     xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
                     xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xsi:schemaLocation="
                      http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
                      http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd"> 
                
                  
                  <context:component-scan base-package="com.fxyh.spring"/>
                </beans>
     *  这里不贴测试用例了，自己写写测试用例测一测就ok了。