Java JDK1.8时间区间计算类Period和Duration

野性酷女 2022-12-11 07:26 129阅读 0赞

在Java项目中，时间格式化在很多时候都会用到。在JDK1.8之前我们都是通过自己封装的时间工具类来实现，在1.8之后我们可以使用它提供的Period和Duration来实现时间区间和转换计算。使用这两个工具，我们可以计算年、月、日、周、天、时、分、秒、纳秒等。

**目录**

传统封装Util工具

Period时间区间计算

Duration时间计算

--------------------

### 传统封装Util工具 ###

这种工具类在项目中非常普遍：

package com.patrol.beans.util;
    
    import java.text.ParseException;
    import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
    import java.util.Calendar;
    import java.util.Date;
    
    /**
     * 日期工具类
     *
     * @author PJL
     */
    public class DateUtil {
    
        /**
         * 格式化日期和时间
         */
        public static SimpleDateFormat sdfTime = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
    
        /**
         * 格式化日期
         */
        public static SimpleDateFormat sdfDate = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");
    
        /**
         * 获取当前日期yyyy-MM-dd
         *
         * @return
         */
        public static String getDate() {
            return sdfDate.format(new Date());
        }
    
        /**
         * 获取当前日期
         *
         * @return
         */
        public static String getCurrentDate() {
            Calendar c = Calendar.getInstance();
            int year = c.get(Calendar.YEAR);
            int month = c.get(Calendar.MONTH) + 1;
            int day = c.get(Calendar.DATE);
            return "" + year + "-" + month + "-" + day;
        }
    
        /**
         * 获取当前日期和时间
         *
         * @return
         */
        public static String getCurrentDateTime() {
            Calendar c = Calendar.getInstance();
            int year = c.get(Calendar.YEAR);
            int month = c.get(Calendar.MONTH) + 1;
            int day = c.get(Calendar.DATE);
            int hour = c.get(Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY);
            int minute = c.get(Calendar.MINUTE);
            int second = c.get(Calendar.SECOND);
            return "" + year + "-" + month + "-" + day + " " + hour + ":" + minute + ":" + second;
        }
    
        /**
         * 获取当前日期前若干天或者后若干天的日期
         *
         * @param dayCount ，天数，正数为之后，负数为之前
         * @return
         */
        public static String getIntervalDay(int dayCount) {
            //SimpleDateFormat dft = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");
            Date beginDate = new Date();
            Calendar date = Calendar.getInstance();
            date.setTime(beginDate);
            date.set(Calendar.DATE, date.get(Calendar.DATE) + dayCount);
            return sdfDate.format(date.getTime());
        }
    
        /**
         * 获取昨天的日期
         *
         * @return
         */
        public static String getYesterdayDate() {
            return getIntervalDay(-1);
        }
    
        /**
         * 获取今天的日期
         *
         * @return
         */
        public static String getTodayDate() {
            return getIntervalDay(0);
        }
    
        /**
         * 获取明天的日期
         *
         * @return
         */
        public static String getTomorrowDate() {
            return getIntervalDay(1);
        }
    
        /**
         * 获取明天的时间LONG
         *
         * @return
         */
        public static Long getTomorrowTime() {
            String tomorrowDate = DateUtil.getTomorrowDate();
            return DateUtil.getSpecifiedDayTime(tomorrowDate);
        }
    
        /**
         * 获取日期时间
         *
         * @param dateTime
         * @return
         */
        public static Long getLongTime(String dateTime) {
            Calendar c = Calendar.getInstance();
            Date date = null;
            try {
                date = sdfTime.parse(dateTime);
            } catch (ParseException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            return date.getTime();
        }
    
        /**
         * 获得指定日期的前一天
         *
         * @param specifiedDay
         * @return
         * @throws Exception
         */
        public static String getSpecifiedDayBefore(String specifiedDay) {
            // SimpleDateFormat simpleDateFormat = new
            // SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");
            Calendar c = Calendar.getInstance();
            Date date = null;
            try {
                date = sdfDate.parse(specifiedDay);
            } catch (ParseException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            c.setTime(date);
            int day = c.get(Calendar.DATE);
            c.set(Calendar.DATE, day - 1);
    
            String dayBefore = sdfDate.format(c.getTime());
            return dayBefore;
        }
    
        /**
         * 获得指定日期的后一天
         *
         * @param specifiedDay
         * @return
         */
        public static String getSpecifiedDayAfter(String specifiedDay) {
            Calendar c = Calendar.getInstance();
            Date date = null;
            try {
                date = sdfDate.parse(specifiedDay);
            } catch (ParseException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            c.setTime(date);
            int day = c.get(Calendar.DATE);
            c.set(Calendar.DATE, day + 1);
    
            String dayAfter = sdfDate.format(c.getTime());
            return dayAfter;
        }
    
        /**
         * 获取指定日期的时间LONG类型
         *
         * @param specifiedDay
         * @return
         */
        public static Long getSpecifiedDayTime(String specifiedDay) {
            Date date = null;
            try {
                date = sdfDate.parse(specifiedDay);
            } catch (ParseException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            return date.getTime();
        }
    
        /**
         * 获取时差日期和时间
         *
         * @param time 负数向前时间，正数向后时间
         * @return
         */
        public static String getDateTime(Date date, long time) {
            date.setTime(time);
            return sdfTime.format(date);
        }
    
        /**
         * 增加或减少当前日期的毫秒数
         *
         * @param pastOrFutureTime 负数向前时间，正数向后时间
         * @return
         */
        public static String getAddDateTime(long pastOrFutureTime) {
            Date date = new Date();
            pastOrFutureTime = date.getTime() + pastOrFutureTime;
            date.setTime(pastOrFutureTime);
            return sdfTime.format(date);
        }
    
        /**
         * 时间毫秒设置日期格式化
         *
         * @param time
         * @return
         */
        public static String setDateTime(long time) {
            Date date = new Date();
            date.setTime(time);
            return sdfTime.format(date);
        }
    }

传统封装模式，对时间计算不够灵活，不能完全覆盖所有业务场景，需要的时候还得修改这个工具类。

### Period时间区间计算 ###

创建Period有以下方式：

*  ZERO 空
 *  between
 *  of\*

下面是一个Period Junit示例：

package com.forestar.patrol;
    
    import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
    import org.junit.Assert;
    import org.junit.Test;
    import java.time.LocalDate;
    import java.time.Period;
    
    /**
     * @Copyright: 2019-2021
     * @FileName: PeriodTest.javaPJL
     * @Author:
     * @Date: 2020/9/29 8:37
     * @Description: 时间差区间计算
     */
    @Slf4j
    public class PeriodTest {
    
        /**
         * 常用方法
         */
        @Test
        public void test(){
            log.info("method ============================test()");
            LocalDate startDate = LocalDate.of(2020, 9, 20);
            LocalDate endDate = LocalDate.of(2020, 12, 29);
            log.info("yyyy-MM-dd = {}",(startDate.getYear()+"-"+startDate.getMonth().getValue()+"-"+startDate.getDayOfMonth()));
            log.info("yyyy-MM-dd = {}",(endDate.getYear()+"-"+endDate.getMonth().getValue()+"-"+endDate.getDayOfMonth()));
    
            Period periodZero = Period.ZERO;
            Period periodYMD = Period.of(20,3,1);
            Period periodYear = Period.ofYears(1);
            Period periodMonth = Period.ofMonths(2);
            Period periodDay = Period.ofDays(2);
            Period periodWeek = Period.ofWeeks(23);
    
            Period period = Period.between(startDate, endDate);
    
            log.info("isZero() = {}",period.isZero());
            log.info("isNegative() = {}",period.isNegative());
    
            log.info("getYears() = {}",period.getYears());
            log.info("getMonths() = {}",period.getMonths());
            log.info("getDays() = {}",period.getDays());
            log.info("getUnits() = {}",period.getUnits());
            log.info("getChronology() = {}",period.getChronology());
    
            log.info("withYears(1) = {}",period.withYears(1));// P1Y9D
            log.info("withMonths(1) = {}",period.withMonths(1));//P1M9D
            log.info("withDays(1) = {}",period.withDays(1));//P1D
    
            log.info("toString() = {}",period.toString());
        }
    
        /**
         * 创建Period[注意周期不是具体的年月日而是差值]
         */
        @Test
        public void createPeriod(){
            log.info("method ============================createPeriod()");
            Period fromCharYears = Period.parse("P2020Y");
            Assert.assertEquals(2020, fromCharYears.getYears());
            log.info("getYears() = {}",fromCharYears.getYears());
    
            Period fromCharUnits = Period.parse("P2020Y9M29D");
            Assert.assertEquals(29, fromCharUnits.getDays());
            log.info("getDays() = {}",fromCharUnits.getDays());
        }
    
        /**
         * 计算加减
         */
        @Test
        public void calculate(){
            log.info("method ============================calculate()");
            Period period = Period.parse("P9M56D");
            int days = period.plusDays(50).getDays();
            log.info("getDays() = {}",days);
            int months = period.minusMonths(2).getMonths();
            log.info("getMonths() = {}",months);
        }
    }

输出结果：

2020-09-29 09:35:45.026 [main] INFO  com.forestar.patrol.PeriodTest | method ============================calculate()
    2020-09-29 09:35:45.084 [main] INFO  com.forestar.patrol.PeriodTest | getDays() = 106
    2020-09-29 09:35:45.090 [main] INFO  com.forestar.patrol.PeriodTest | getMonths() = 7
    2020-09-29 09:35:45.100 [main] INFO  com.forestar.patrol.PeriodTest | method ============================test()
    2020-09-29 09:35:45.108 [main] INFO  com.forestar.patrol.PeriodTest | yyyy-MM-dd = 2020-9-20
    2020-09-29 09:35:45.108 [main] INFO  com.forestar.patrol.PeriodTest | yyyy-MM-dd = 2020-12-29
    2020-09-29 09:35:45.265 [main] INFO  com.forestar.patrol.PeriodTest | isZero() = false
    2020-09-29 09:35:45.265 [main] INFO  com.forestar.patrol.PeriodTest | isNegative() = false
    2020-09-29 09:35:45.265 [main] INFO  com.forestar.patrol.PeriodTest | getYears() = 0
    2020-09-29 09:35:45.265 [main] INFO  com.forestar.patrol.PeriodTest | getMonths() = 3
    2020-09-29 09:35:45.266 [main] INFO  com.forestar.patrol.PeriodTest | getDays() = 9
    2020-09-29 09:35:45.266 [main] INFO  com.forestar.patrol.PeriodTest | getUnits() = [Years, Months, Days]
    2020-09-29 09:35:45.280 [main] INFO  com.forestar.patrol.PeriodTest | getChronology() = ISO
    2020-09-29 09:35:45.280 [main] INFO  com.forestar.patrol.PeriodTest | withYears(1) = P1Y3M9D
    2020-09-29 09:35:45.280 [main] INFO  com.forestar.patrol.PeriodTest | withMonths(1) = P1M9D
    2020-09-29 09:35:45.280 [main] INFO  com.forestar.patrol.PeriodTest | withDays(1) = P3M1D
    2020-09-29 09:35:45.281 [main] INFO  com.forestar.patrol.PeriodTest | toString() = P3M9D
    2020-09-29 09:35:45.281 [main] INFO  com.forestar.patrol.PeriodTest | method ============================createPeriod()
    2020-09-29 09:35:45.281 [main] INFO  com.forestar.patrol.PeriodTest | getYears() = 2020
    2020-09-29 09:35:45.282 [main] INFO  com.forestar.patrol.PeriodTest | getDays() = 29

### Duration时间计算 ###

使用Duration.of*(param)初始化一个Duration实例。

下面是一个Duration Junit测试示例：

package com.forestar.patrol;
    
    import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
    import org.junit.Test;
    import java.time.Duration;
    
    /**
     * @Copyright: 2019-2021
     * @FileName: DurationTest.java
     * @Author: PJL
     * @Date: 2020/9/29 9:03
     * @Description: 时间计算
     */
    @Slf4j
    public class DurationTest {
    
        @Test
        public void test(){
            //86400是一天的秒计算量
            Duration d = Duration.ofSeconds(86400);
            log.info("getSeconds() = {}",d.getSeconds());
            log.info("getNano() = {}",d.getNano());
            log.info("getUnits() = {}",d.getUnits());
            log.info("isNegative() = {}",d.isNegative());
            log.info("isZero() = {}",d.isZero());
            log.info("toDays() = {}",d.toDays());
    
            log.info("toHours() = {}",d.toHours());
            log.info("toMinutes() = {}",d.toMinutes());
            log.info("toNanos() = {}",d.toNanos());
            log.info("toMillis() = {}",d.toMillis());
            log.info("toString() = {}",d.toString());
        }
    }

测试输出结果：

2020-09-29 09:52:07.650 [main] INFO  com.forestar.patrol.DurationTest | getSeconds() = 86400
    2020-09-29 09:52:07.730 [main] INFO  com.forestar.patrol.DurationTest | getNano() = 0
    2020-09-29 09:52:07.732 [main] INFO  com.forestar.patrol.DurationTest | getUnits() = [Seconds, Nanos]
    2020-09-29 09:52:07.732 [main] INFO  com.forestar.patrol.DurationTest | isNegative() = false
    2020-09-29 09:52:07.732 [main] INFO  com.forestar.patrol.DurationTest | isZero() = false
    2020-09-29 09:52:07.733 [main] INFO  com.forestar.patrol.DurationTest | toDays() = 1
    2020-09-29 09:52:07.733 [main] INFO  com.forestar.patrol.DurationTest | toHours() = 24
    2020-09-29 09:52:07.734 [main] INFO  com.forestar.patrol.DurationTest | toMinutes() = 1440
    2020-09-29 09:52:07.734 [main] INFO  com.forestar.patrol.DurationTest | toNanos() = 86400000000000
    2020-09-29 09:52:07.735 [main] INFO  com.forestar.patrol.DurationTest | toMillis() = 86400000
    2020-09-29 09:52:07.737 [main] INFO  com.forestar.patrol.DurationTest | toString() = PT24H

JDK为我们提供了这样的功能，既然知道了就尽量使用吧。