Redis个人整理学习笔记1

灰太狼 2022-12-04 01:27 212阅读 0赞

## Redis基本知识 ##

##### 开启进入redis #####

进入redis所在目录

> cd /usr/local/bin

执行命令

> redis-server lconfig/redis.conf  
> redis-cli

--------------------

##### redis性能测试 #####

> redis-benchmark -h localhost -p 6379 -c 100 -n 100000

redis默认有16个数据库，默认使用第一个数据库，可使用select命令更改数据库  
![在这里插入图片描述][20200905085809475.png_pic_center]  
**dbsize**可查看数据库大小  
![在这里插入图片描述][20200905090019855.png_pic_center]  
**flushdb**清除当前数据库，**flushall**清除所有数据库  
![在这里插入图片描述][202009050903011.png_pic_center]

> redis是单线程的,redis是基于内存操作的，redis的瓶颈不是CPU，而是机器的内存和网络的带宽  
> Redis是c语言写的，官方提供的是10W+的QPS，完全不比同样使用key-value的MemeCache差

Redis单线程还这么快的原因：

> 误区1：单线程一定比多线程慢（多线程CPU上下文会切换  
> 误区2：高性能的服务器一定是多线程的  
> Redis是将所有的数据全部放在内存中，所以单线程效率是最高的

## Redis的基本命令 ##

#### Redis五大数据类型 ####

##### Redis-Key、 #####

查看所有key

> keys \*

set key

> set key value

判断是否存在key

> exists key

移除当前的key

> move key

指定key的过期时间

> expire key time(单位是秒)

查看当前key的类型

> type key

查看当前key的剩余过期时间

> ttl key

##### String #####

127.0.0.1:6379[1]> set key1 v1//设置值
    OK
    127.0.0.1:6379[1]> get key1//获取值
    "v1"
    127.0.0.1:6379[1]> exists key1//查看值是否存在
    (integer) 1
    127.0.0.1:6379[1]> append key1 hello//字符串后面追加
    (integer) 7
    127.0.0.1:6379[1]> get key1
    "v1hello"
    127.0.0.1:6379[1]> strlen key1//获取字符串的长度
    (integer) 7
    127.0.0.1:6379[1]> append key1 txl
    (integer) 10
    127.0.0.1:6379[1]> strlen key1
    (integer) 10
    127.0.0.1:6379[1]>

127.0.0.1:6379[1]> set views 1
    OK
    127.0.0.1:6379[1]> incr views
    (integer) 2
    127.0.0.1:6379[1]> get views
    "2"
    127.0.0.1:6379[1]> decr views
    (integer) 1
    127.0.0.1:6379[1]> get views
    "1"
    127.0.0.1:6379[1]> incrby views 10
    (integer) 11
    127.0.0.1:6379[1]> decrby views 20 
    (integer) -9
    127.0.0.1:6379[1]>

使值加一

> incr key

使值减一

> decr key

加任意

> incrby key n(要加的数量)

减去任意

> decrby key n

截取字符串的子串

"hello"
    127.0.0.1:6379[1]> getrange k1 0 2
    "hel"
    127.0.0.1:6379[1]> getrange k1 0 -1
    "hello"
    127.0.0.1:6379[1]>

> getrange start(从0开始) end

获取整段字符串

> getrange 0 -1

替换字符串的子串

127.0.0.1:6379[1]> set k2 abcdef
    OK
    127.0.0.1:6379[1]> get k2
    "abcdef"
    127.0.0.1:6379[1]> setrange k2 2 xxx
    (integer) 6
    127.0.0.1:6379[1]> get k2
    "abxxxf"

> setrange key start(下标从零开始) str(要替换的字符串)

设置过期时间的键值对

> setex key second value

如果存在就不会覆盖（执行失败），不存在会创建

> setnx key value

--------------------

批量创建键值对

127.0.0.1:6379[1]> mset k1 v1 k2 v2 k3 v3
    OK
    127.0.0.1:6379[1]> keys *
    1) "k3"
    2) "k2"
    3) "k1"
    127.0.0.1:6379[1]>

> mset k1 v1 k2 v2 k3 v3  
> 批量获取值

127.0.0.1:6379> mget k1 k2 k3
    1) "v1"
    2) "v2"
    3) "v3"
    127.0.0.1:6379>

> mget k1 k2 k3

> msetnx是一个原子性的操作，要么全部设置成功，要么全部失败

对象

127.0.0.1:6379> mset user:1:name txl user:1:age 21
    OK
    127.0.0.1:6379> mget user:1:name user:1:age
    1) "txl"
    2) "21"

先获取值，在设置值

127.0.0.1:6379> getset db redis
    (nil)
    127.0.0.1:6379> get db
    "redis"
    127.0.0.1:6379> getset db mongodb
    "redis"
    127.0.0.1:6379> get db
    "mongodb"

> getset key value

##### List #####

所有的list命令都是以l开头的

添加元素，可以添加重复元素

> lpush key value

27.0.0.1:6379> lpush list one
    (integer) 1
    127.0.0.1:6379> lpush list two
    (integer) 2
    127.0.0.1:6379> lpush list three
    (integer) 3
    127.0.0.1:6379> lrange list 0 -1
    1) "three"
    2) "two"
    3) "one"

lpush放到头部，rpush放到尾部

127.0.0.1:6379> rpush list right
    (integer) 4
    127.0.0.1:6379> lrange list 0 -1
    1) "three"
    2) "two"
    3) "one"
    4) "right"

lpop移除列表第一个元素，rpop移除列表最后一个元素

127.0.0.1:6379> lpop list
    "three"
    127.0.0.1:6379> lrange list 0 -1
    1) "two"
    2) "one"
    3) "right"
    127.0.0.1:6379> rpop list
    "right"
    127.0.0.1:6379> lrange list 0 -1
    1) "two"
    2) "one"

根据下标获取值

> lindex list index

127.0.0.1:6379> lindex list 1
    "one"
    127.0.0.1:6379> lindex list 0
    "two"

移除指定的值

127.0.0.1:6379> lrange list 0 -1
    1) "two"
    2) "e1"
    3) "two"
    4) "one"
    127.0.0.1:6379> lrem list 2 one
    (integer) 1
    127.0.0.1:6379> lrange list 0 -1
    1) "two"
    2) "e1"
    3) "two"

> lrem key count value

去除两边的多余字符

127.0.0.1:6379> rpush list1 "hello"
    (integer) 1
    127.0.0.1:6379> rpush list1 "hello1"
    (integer) 2
    127.0.0.1:6379> rpush list1 "hello2"
    (integer) 3
    127.0.0.1:6379> rpush list1 "hello3"
    (integer) 4
    127.0.0.1:6379> lrange list1 0 -1
    1) "hello"
    2) "hello1"
    3) "hello2"
    4) "hello3"
    127.0.0.1:6379> ltrim list1 1 2
    OK
    127.0.0.1:6379> lrange list1 0 -1
    1) "hello1"
    2) "hello2"

> ltrim key start end

移除一个list的最后一个元素，将它移动到另一个list

127.0.0.1:6379> lrange list1 0 -1
    1) "hello"
    2) "hello1"
    3) "hello2"
    127.0.0.1:6379> rpush list1 "hello3"
    (integer) 4
    127.0.0.1:6379> lrange list1 0 -1
    1) "hello"
    2) "hello1"
    3) "hello2"
    4) "hello3"
    127.0.0.1:6379> rpoplpush list1 list2
    "hello3"
    127.0.0.1:6379> lrange list1 0 -1
    1) "hello"
    2) "hello1"
    3) "hello2"
    127.0.0.1:6379> lrange list2 0 -1
    1) "hello3"

> rpoplpush list1 list2

更新当前list里面的值

127.0.0.1:6379> lset list1 0 hhhh
    OK
    127.0.0.1:6379> lrange list1 0 -1
    1) "hhhh"
    2) "hello1"
    3) "hello2"

前提是键值存在，不然会执行错误

> lset key index value

插入元素

127.0.0.1:6379> lrange list1 0 -1
    1) "hhhh"
    2) "hello1"
    3) "hello2"
    127.0.0.1:6379> linsert list1 before hhhh hahaha
    (integer) 4
    127.0.0.1:6379> lrange list1 0 -1
    1) "hahaha"
    2) "hhhh"
    3) "hello1"
    4) "hello2"

> linsert key before/after value1 value2

##### Set #####

添加元素

127.0.0.1:6379> sadd set hello
    (integer) 1
    127.0.0.1:6379> sadd set txllg
    (integer) 1

> sadd key value

查看set里面的元素

127.0.0.1:6379> smembers set
    1) "txllg"
    2) "hello"

> smembers key

判断元素是否在set集合中

127.0.0.1:6379> sismember set hello
    (integer) 1
    127.0.0.1:6379> sismember set hhh
    (integer) 0

> sismember key value

查看set元素数量及删除元素

127.0.0.1:6379> scard set
    (integer) 2
    127.0.0.1:6379> srem set hello
    (integer) 1
    127.0.0.1:6379> smembers set
    1) "txllg"

> 查看数量 scard key  
> 删除元素 srem set hello

随机抽取元素

127.0.0.1:6379> SRANDMEMBER set 1
    1) "hhh"
    127.0.0.1:6379> SRANDMEMBER set 1
    1) "hhh"
    127.0.0.1:6379> SRANDMEMBER set 1
    1) "txllg"

> srandmember key count

随机删除元素

127.0.0.1:6379> spop set
    "hhh"

> spop key

将一个set的元素移动到另一个set中

127.0.0.1:6379> sadd set2 hl
    (integer) 1
    127.0.0.1:6379> SMOVE set set2 txllg
    (integer) 1
    127.0.0.1:6379> smembers set
    (empty array)
    127.0.0.1:6379> smembers set2
    1) "txllg"
    2) "hl"

> smove source destination value

--------------------

两个set的差集key1-key2

127.0.0.1:6379> sadd set1 a 
    (integer) 1
    127.0.0.1:6379> sadd set1 b
    (integer) 1
    127.0.0.1:6379> sadd set1 c
    (integer) 1
    127.0.0.1:6379> sadd set2 c
    (integer) 1
    127.0.0.1:6379> sadd set2 d
    (integer) 1
    127.0.0.1:6379> sadd set2 e
    (integer) 1
    127.0.0.1:6379> sdiff set1 set2
    1) "a"
    2) "b"
    127.0.0.1:6379> sdiff set2 set1
    1) "d"
    2) "e"

> sdiff key1 key2

交集和并集

127.0.0.1:6379> sinter set1 set2
    1) "c"
    127.0.0.1:6379> sunion set1 set2
    1) "a"
    2) "b"
    3) "e"
    4) "d"
    5) "c"

> 交集sinter key1 key2  
> 并集union key1 key2

##### Hash #####

添加和获取元素

127.0.0.1:6379> hset hash1 field1 value1 field2 value2
    (integer) 2
    127.0.0.1:6379> hget hash1 field1
    "value1"
    127.0.0.1:6379> hget hash1 field2
    "value2"
    127.0.0.1:6379> hgetall hash1
    1) "field1"
    2) "value1"
    3) "field2"
    4) "value2"

> hset key field value  
> hget key field  
> hegtall key

删除元素

127.0.0.1:6379> hgetall hash1
    1) "field1"
    2) "value1"
    3) "field2"
    4) "value2"
    127.0.0.1:6379> hdel hash1 field1
    (integer) 1
    127.0.0.1:6379> hgetall hash1
    1) "field2"
    2) "value2"

> hdel key field

查看指定元素是否存在

127.0.0.1:6379> HEXISTS hash1 h
    (integer) 0
    127.0.0.1:6379> HEXISTS hash1 field2
    (integer) 1

> hexists key field

获取所有的key

127.0.0.1:6379> hkeys hash1
    1) "field2"
    2) "field3"
    3) "field4"

> hkeys key

获取所有的value

127.0.0.1:6379> hvals hash1
    1) "value2"
    2) "value3"
    3) "value4"

> hvals hash1

指定自增

127.0.0.1:6379> hset hash1 field1 2 
    (integer) 1
    127.0.0.1:6379> HINCRBY hash1 field1 10
    (integer) 12

> hincrby key field n

##### Zset #####

添加查看元素

127.0.0.1:6379> zadd zset1 1 one
    (integer) 1
    127.0.0.1:6379> zadd zset1 2 two 3 three
    (integer) 2
    127.0.0.1:6379> zrange zset1 0 -1
    1) "one"
    2) "two"
    3) "three"

> zadd key number value  
> zrange key start end

排序输出

127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGEBYscore zset1 -inf +inf 
    1) "one"
    2) "two"
    3) "three"
    127.0.0.1:6379> zrevrange zset1 0 -1
    1) "three"
    2) "two"
    3) "one"

> zrangebyscore key -inf +inf （升序）  
> zrevrange key -inf +inf（降序）

移除元素、查看数量

127.0.0.1:6379> zrem zset1 three
    (integer) 1
    127.0.0.1:6379> zcard zset1
    (integer) 2

> zrem key value  
> zcard key

--------------------

查看指定区间的元素数量

127.0.0.1:6379> zcount zset1 2 4
    (integer) 3

> zcount key min max

--------------------

#### Redis三大特殊类型 ####

##### geospatial #####

添加地点的经纬度

> geoadd china:city 116.40 39.90 beijing

--------------------

获取城市的经纬度

127.0.0.1:6379> geopos china:city beijing
    1) 1) "166.40000134706497192"
       2) "39.90000009167092543"

> geopos key city,也可以后面写多个城市，都能查询到

获取两城市之间的距离

127.0.0.1:6379> geodist china:city beijing shanghai
    "4132638.7228"

> geodist key city1 city2

获取两城市之间的直线距离

127.0.0.1:6379> geodist china:city shanghai beijing km
    "4132.6387"

> geodist key city1 city2 km

查找当前位置半径范围内的元素

127.0.0.1:6379> georadius china:city 110 30 1000 km
    1) "hangzhou"

> georadius key 经度 纬度 距离 单位（km）

##### hyperloglog #####

计数统计，去重复元素

127.0.0.1:6379> pfadd key1 a b c d e f g h
    (integer) 1
    127.0.0.1:6379> pfcount key1
    (integer) 8
    127.0.0.1:6379> pfadd key2 1 2 3 4 5 6
    (integer) 1
    127.0.0.1:6379> pfcount key2
    (integer) 6
    127.0.0.1:6379> pfmerge key3 key1 key2
    OK
    127.0.0.1:6379> pfcount key3
    (integer) 14

##### bitmaps #####

存状态值

127.0.0.1:6379> setbit sign 0 1
    (integer) 0
    127.0.0.1:6379> setbit sign 1 1
    (integer) 0
    127.0.0.1:6379> setbit sign 2 0
    (integer) 0
    127.0.0.1:6379> setbit sign 3 0
    (integer) 0
    127.0.0.1:6379> setbit sign 4 1
    (integer) 0
    127.0.0.1:6379> setbit sign 5 1
    (integer) 0
    127.0.0.1:6379> setbit sign 6 1

> setbit key offset value

取值

127.0.0.1:6379> getbit sign 3
    (integer) 0

> getbit key offfset

--------------------

统计为1数量

127.0.0.1:6379> bitcount sign 0 6
    (integer) 5

> bitcount key start end

[20200905085809475.png_pic_center]: /images/20221123/40d458ea1d10423d9205b9ec0d574632.png
[20200905090019855.png_pic_center]: /images/20221123/7ecae64d268544a6a2bc334f4ad6b5d4.png
[202009050903011.png_pic_center]: /images/20221123/631ba9d56f534bd1870edd028c1edb41.png