HttpClient与OkHttpClient的区别

谁践踏了优雅 2022-12-01 14:13 128阅读 0赞

#### 一、HttpClient简介 ####

HttpClient被用来提供高效的、最新的、功能丰富的支持HTTP协议的客户端编程工具包，并且它支持HTTP协议最新的版本和建议。

**特性：**

1.  基于标准、纯净的java语言。实现了Http1.0和Http1.1
2.  以可扩展的面向对象的结构实现了Http全部的方法（GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, HEAD, OPTIONS, and TRACE）。
3.  支持HTTPS协议。
4.  通过Http代理建立透明的连接。
5.  利用CONNECT方法通过Http代理建立隧道的https连接。
6.  Basic, Digest, NTLMv1, NTLMv2, NTLM2 Session, SNPNEGO/Kerberos认证方案。
7.  插件式的自定义认证方案。
8.  便携可靠的套接字工厂使它更容易的使用第三方解决方案。
9.  连接管理器支持多线程应用。支持设置最大连接数，同时支持设置每个主机的最大连接数，发现并关闭过期的连接。
10. 自动处理Set-Cookie中的Cookie。
11. 插件式的自定义Cookie策略。
12. Request的输出流可以避免流中内容直接缓冲到socket服务器。
13. Response的输入流可以有效的从socket服务器直接读取相应内容。
14. 在http1.0和http1.1中利用KeepAlive保持持久连接。
15. 直接获取服务器发送的response code和 headers。
16. 设置连接超时的能力。
17. 实验性的支持http1.1 response caching。
18. 源代码基于Apache License 可免费获取。

**使用步骤：**

1.  创建HttpClient对象
2.  创建请求方法的实例，并指定请求URL。如果需要发送GET请求，创建HttpGet对象；如果需要发送POST请求，创建HttpPost对象
3.  如果需要发送请求参数，可调用HttpGet、HttpPost共同的setParams(HttpParams params)方法来添加请求参数；对于HttpPost对象而言，也可调用setEntity(HttpEntity entity)方法来设置请求参数
4.  调用HttpClient对象的execute(HttpUriRequest request)方法发送请求，该方法返回一个HttpResponse
5.  调用HttpResponse的getAllHeaders()、getHeaders(String name)等方法可获取**服务器的响应头**；调用HttpResponse的getEntity()方法可获取HttpEntity对象，该对象包装了服务器的**响应内容**。程序可通过该对象获取服务器的响应内容
6.  释放连接。无论执行方法是否成功，都必须释放连接

**使用实例：**

import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
    import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONArray;
    import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
    import com.taobao.rigel.rap.project.bo.*;
    import com.test.testmanagement.model.HttpinvokerInterfaceInfos;
    import com.test.testmanagement.model.MockRecord;
    import com.test.testmanagement.model.umeapi.mybean.C2sParameterClientOfVue;
    import com.test.testmanagement.model.umeapi.mybean.Group;
    import com.test.testmanagement.model.umeapi.mybean.GroupProject;
    import com.test.testmanagement.service.HttpinvokerInterfaceInfosService;
    import com.test.testmanagement.service.UmeAPIGroupProjectService;
    import com.test.testmanagement.service.UmeAPIGroupService;
    import com.test.testmanagement.service.UmeAPIMockService;
    import com.test.testmanagement.utils.DesUtilTool;
    import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
    import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
    import org.apache.http.HttpStatus;
    import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
    import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
    import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
    import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;
    import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
    import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
    import org.jsoup.helper.StringUtil;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
    
    import java.io.IOException;
    import java.net.URI;
    import java.net.URISyntaxException;
    import java.nio.charset.Charset;
    import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
    import java.util.*;
    
    @RestController
    @RequestMapping(value = "/api/umeapi")
    public class UmeAPIController {
    
        @Autowired
        UmeAPIGroupService umeAPIGroupService;
    
        @Autowired
        UmeAPIGroupProjectService umeAPIGroupProjectService;
    
        @Autowired
        HttpinvokerInterfaceInfosService httpinvokerInterfaceInfosService;
    
        @Autowired
        UmeAPIMockService umeAPIMockService;
    
        @RequestMapping(value = "/des", method = RequestMethod.POST)
        public String desUtil(@RequestBody JSONObject requestBodyParameters) throws Exception {
            System.out.println("requestBodyParameters:"+requestBodyParameters);
            //获取请求json串，并转换成string类型
            JSONObject requestBodyParam = requestBodyParameters.getJSONObject("request");
            System.out.println("requestBodyParam:" + requestBodyParam);
            String requestStr = requestBodyParam.toJSONString();
            System.out.println("requestStr=" + requestStr);
    
            String url = requestBodyParameters.getString("url");
            URI uri = new URI(url);
            // 明文加密方式
            String desJsonData = "";
            desJsonData = DesUtilTool.desEncrypt(requestStr);
            System.out.println("desJsonData: " + desJsonData);
            //post请求
            HttpClient httpClient = null;
            HttpPost postMethod = null;
            HttpResponse response = null;
            //获取http客户端
            httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
            postMethod = new HttpPost(uri);
            //设置请求头
            postMethod.addHeader("Content-Type", "application/json");
            postMethod.addHeader("Accept-Encoding", "application/json");
            postMethod.setHeader("Encoding", "application/json");
            postMethod.setEntity(new StringEntity(desJsonData, Charset.forName("UTF-8")));
            //传入请求参数
            response = httpClient.execute(postMethod);
            int statusCode = response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();
            System.out.println("HTTP Status Code:" + statusCode);
            if (statusCode != HttpStatus.SC_OK) {
                System.out.println("HTTP 请求未成功！HTTP Status Code：" + response.getStatusLine());
                return "HTTP 请求未成功！HTTP Status Code：" + response.getStatusLine();
            }
            HttpEntity httpEntity = response.getEntity();
            System.out.println("httpEntity:" + httpEntity);
            String responseContent = EntityUtils.toString(httpEntity, "UTF-8");
            //释放资源
            EntityUtils.consume(httpEntity);
            System.out.println("响应内容：" + responseContent);
            return responseContent;
        }
    
        @RequestMapping(value = "/webApiRequest", method = RequestMethod.POST)
        public String webAPIRequest(@RequestBody JSONObject requestBodyParameters) throws IOException, URISyntaxException {
            //参数处理 获取请求json串，并转换成string类型
            String requestBodyParam = requestBodyParameters.getString("request");
            requestBodyParam = requestBodyParam.substring(1, requestBodyParam.length() - 1);
            System.out.println("web api requestBodyParam=" + requestBodyParam);
            ArrayList<String> arrayList = new ArrayList<String>();
            System.out.println("requestBodyParam.split(\",\").length " + requestBodyParam.split(",").length);
            for (int i = 0; i < requestBodyParam.split(",").length; i++) {
                System.out.println("each param = " + requestBodyParam.split(",")[i].trim());
                arrayList.add(requestBodyParam.split(",")[i].trim());
            }
            String getParams = "";
            for (int j = 0; j < arrayList.size(); j++) {
                if (j == 0) {
                    getParams = getParams + "?" + arrayList.get(j);
                } else {
                    getParams = getParams + "&" + arrayList.get(j);
                }
            }
            System.out.println("getParams:" + getParams);
            String url = requestBodyParameters.getString("url");
            System.out.println("url=" + url);
            String finalUrl = url + getParams;
            System.out.println("finalUrl:" + finalUrl);
            URI uri = new URI(finalUrl);
            //get请求
            HttpClient httpClient = null;
            HttpGet getMethod = null;
            HttpResponse response = null;
            //获取http客户端
            httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
            getMethod = new HttpGet(uri);
            //设置请求头
            getMethod.addHeader("Content-Type", "application/json");
            getMethod.addHeader("Accept-Encoding", "application/json");
            response = httpClient.execute(getMethod);
            int statusCode = response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();
            System.out.println("HTTP Status Code:" + statusCode);
            if (statusCode != HttpStatus.SC_OK) {
                System.out.println("HTTP 请求未成功！HTTP Status Code：" + response.getStatusLine());
            }
            HttpEntity httpEntity = response.getEntity();
            System.out.println("httpEntity:" + httpEntity);
            String responseContent = EntityUtils.toString(httpEntity, "UTF-8");
            //释放资源
            EntityUtils.consume(httpEntity);
            System.out.println("响应内容：" + responseContent);
            return responseContent;
        }
     }

#### 二、OkHttpClient简介 ####

OkHttp是一个高效的HTTP客户端

**特性：**

1.  支持HTTP/2，允许所有同一个主机地址的请求共享同一个socket连接
2.  连接池减少请求延时
3.  透明的GZIP压缩减少响应数据的大小
4.  缓存响应内容，避免一些完全重复的请求

**使用步骤：**

1.  创建OkHttpClient对象
2.  创建Request对象
3.  将Request 对象封装为Call
4.  通过Call 来执行同步或异步请求，调用execute方法同步执行，调用enqueue方法异步执行

**使用实例：**

import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
    import okhttp3.*;
    
    import java.util.Map;
    
    @Slf4j
    public class OkhttpUtil {
    
        public static String get(String url) {
            try {
                OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();
                Request request = new Request.Builder()
                        .get()
                        .url(url)
                        .build();
                Response response = client.newCall(request).execute();
                return response.body().string();
            } catch (Exception e) {
                log.error("get failed:", e);
            }
            return null;
        }
    
        public static String postChaosST(String url, Map<String, String> params) {
            try {
                OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();
                MultipartBody body = new MultipartBody.Builder()
                        .setType(MediaType.parse("multipart/form-data"))
                        .addFormDataPart("endpoint", params.get("endpoint"))
                        .addFormDataPart("cmd", params.get("cmd"))
                        .build();
    
                Request request = new Request.Builder()
                        .post(body)
                        .url(url)
                        .build();
                Response response = client.newCall(request).execute();
                if (response.code() == 200) {
                    return response.body().string();
                }
                System.out.println();
            } catch (Exception e) {
                log.error("post failed:", e);
            }
            return null;
        }
    }