docker的常用命令与参数

你的名字 2022-12-01 11:58 227阅读 0赞

### docker的常用命令与参数 ###

*  镜像
 *  容器
 *  docker
 *  常用参数与释义
 *  常见举例

# 镜像 #

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>命令</th> 
   <th>功能</th> 
   <th>语法</th> 
   <th>实例</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>search</td> 
   <td>在docker hub中搜索镜像</td> 
   <td>docker search 镜像名称</td> 
   <td>docker search nginx</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>pull</td> 
   <td>在docker hub中下载镜像到本地</td> 
   <td>docker pull 镜像名：tag</td> 
   <td>docker pull nginx</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>push</td> 
   <td>上传镜像</td> 
   <td>docker push 镜像名</td> 
   <td>docker push nginx:v0.2</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>images</td> 
   <td>查看本地所有docker镜像</td> 
   <td>docker images</td> 
   <td>docker imaegs</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>history</td> 
   <td>查看镜像形成过程</td> 
   <td>docker history 本地镜像名：tag</td> 
   <td>docker history nginx:V1</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>build</td> 
   <td>通过dockerfile制作镜像</td> 
   <td>docker build 参数 镜像名：tag dockerfile目录</td> 
   <td>docker build -t nginx:V1 /opt/</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>tag</td> 
   <td>镜像打标签</td> 
   <td>docker tag 镜像名：tag 新镜像名：tag</td> 
   <td>docker tag nginx:V3 mynginx:V4</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>commit</td> 
   <td>保存当前容器为镜像/快照</td> 
   <td>docker commit 容器ID或容器名 新镜像名：tag</td> 
   <td>docker commit nginx nginx:V2</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>login</td> 
   <td>登入docker镜像源服务器</td> 
   <td>docker login 服务器地址</td> 
   <td>docker login</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>logout</td> 
   <td>退出登录镜像源服务器</td> 
   <td>docker logout</td> 
   <td>docker logout</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>rmi</td> 
   <td>删除本地镜像</td> 
   <td>docker rmi 镜像名：tag</td> 
   <td>docker rmi nginx:V1</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>save</td> 
   <td>保存镜像为tar包</td> 
   <td>docker save -o tar文件名 镜像名:tag</td> 
   <td>docker save -o nginx.tar nginx:V1</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>import</td> 
   <td>从tar文件导入docker为镜像</td> 
   <td>docker import 参数 tar文件 镜像名：tag</td> 
   <td>docker import nginx.tar nginx:V2</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>export</td> 
   <td>从docker导出镜像为tar文件</td> 
   <td>docker export 参数 镜像名：tag tar文件</td> 
   <td>docker export nginx:V2 nginx2.tar</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>load</td> 
   <td>从tar文件中加载为docker镜像</td> 
   <td>docker load -i tar文件 镜像名：tag</td> 
   <td>docker load -i nginx2.tar nginx:V3</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

# 容器 #

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>命令</th> 
   <th>功能</th> 
   <th>语法</th> 
   <th>实例</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>create</td> 
   <td>创建容器但不启动容器</td> 
   <td>docker create 参数 镜像名称</td> 
   <td>docker create nginx:V1</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>start</td> 
   <td>启动容器</td> 
   <td>docker start ID或名称</td> 
   <td>docker start nginx</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>run</td> 
   <td>创建并启动容器</td> 
   <td>docker run -i -t -d ID或名称</td> 
   <td>docker run -i -t -d nginx /bin/bash</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>restart</td> 
   <td>重启容器</td> 
   <td>docker restart ID或名称</td> 
   <td>docker restart nginx</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>stop</td> 
   <td>关闭容器</td> 
   <td>docker stop ID或名称</td> 
   <td>docker stop nginx</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>kill</td> 
   <td>杀死正在运行的容器</td> 
   <td>docker kill ID或名称</td> 
   <td>docker kill nginx</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>rm</td> 
   <td>删除容器</td> 
   <td>docker rm ID或名称</td> 
   <td>docker rm nginx</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ps</td> 
   <td>列出容器列表</td> 
   <td>docker ps 参数</td> 
   <td>docker ps -a</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>logs</td> 
   <td>输出当前容器的日志信息</td> 
   <td>docker logs ID或名称</td> 
   <td>docker logs nginx</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>attach</td> 
   <td>当前shell连接运行容器</td> 
   <td>docker attach IP或容器名</td> 
   <td>docker attach nginx</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>exec</td> 
   <td>在容器中执行命令</td> 
   <td>docker exec 参数 容器ID或名称 命令</td> 
   <td>docker exec -it nginx /bin/bash</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>cp</td> 
   <td>容器与宿主机互相复制文件</td> 
   <td>docker cp 容器名：文件目录/名称 本地目录</td> 
   <td>docker cp /var/www/html/ nginx:/var/www/html</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>diff</td> 
   <td>查看容器改动</td> 
   <td>docker diff 容器ID或容器名称</td> 
   <td>docker diff nginx</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>port</td> 
   <td>查看容器的端口映射情况</td> 
   <td>docker port 容器ID或名称</td> 
   <td>docker port nginx</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>top</td> 
   <td>查看容器中进程信息</td> 
   <td>docker top 容器ID或名称</td> 
   <td>docker top nginx</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>pause</td> 
   <td>暂停容器</td> 
   <td>docker pause 容器ID/名称</td> 
   <td>docker pause nginx</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>unpause</td> 
   <td>取消暂停的容器</td> 
   <td>docker unpause 容器ID/名称</td> 
   <td>docker unpause nginx</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>wait</td> 
   <td>阻塞运行直到容器停止，然后打印出它的退出代码</td> 
   <td>docker wait CONTAINER</td> 
   <td>docker wait CONTAINER</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

# docker #

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>命令</th> 
   <th>功能</th> 
   <th>语法</th> 
   <th>实例</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>info</td> 
   <td>查看docker系统信息</td> 
   <td>docker info</td> 
   <td>docker info</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>inspect</td> 
   <td>查看容器的详细信息</td> 
   <td>docker inspect</td> 
   <td>docker inspect</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>version</td> 
   <td>查看docker软件版本</td> 
   <td>docker version</td> 
   <td>docker version</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>events</td> 
   <td>查看docker服务器实时时间</td> 
   <td>docker events 参数</td> 
   <td>docker events --since=“1577321423”</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

# 常用参数与释义 #

docker run \[options\]  
常用参数与释义（主要介绍docker run）

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>参数</th> 
   <th>释义</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>-d</td> 
   <td>后台运行容器，并返回容器ID；</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>-i</td> 
   <td>以交互模式运行容器，通常与 -t 同时使用；</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>-t</td> 
   <td>为容器重新分配一个伪输入终端，通常与 -i 同时使用；</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>-p</td> 
   <td>为端口映射，格式为：宿主机端口：容器端口</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>-v</td> 
   <td>将宿主机的某个目录映射到容器中的某个目录中，<br>格式为： 宿主机目录:容器目录</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>–name=”nginx-lb”</td> 
   <td>为容器指定一个名称；</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>-h “mars”</td> 
   <td>指定容器的hostname；</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>-a stdin</td> 
   <td>指定标准输入输出内容类型，<br>可选 STDIN/STDOUT/STDERR 三项；</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>–dns 8.8.8.8</td> 
   <td>指定容器使用的DNS服务器，默认和宿主一致；</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>–dns-search example.com</td> 
   <td>指定容器DNS搜索域名，默认和宿主一致；</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>-e username=”ritchie”:</td> 
   <td>设置环境变量；</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>–env-file=[]</td> 
   <td>从指定文件读入环境变量；</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>–cpuset=”0-2” or –cpuset=”0,1,2”</td> 
   <td>绑定容器到指定CPU运行；</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>-m</td> 
   <td>设置容器使用内存最大值；</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>–net=”bridge”:</td> 
   <td>指定容器的网络连接类型，<br>支持 bridge/host/none/Container: 四种类型；</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>–link=[]</td> 
   <td>添加链接到另一个容器；</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>–expose=[]</td> 
   <td>开放一个端口或一组端口；</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

# 常见举例 #

1.1 docker search

[root@docker ~]# docker search nginx
    NAME                               DESCRIPTION                                     STARS               OFFICIAL            AUTOMATED
    nginx                              Official build of Nginx.                        13662               [OK]                
    jwilder/nginx-proxy                Automated Nginx reverse proxy for docker con…   1866                                    [OK]
    richarvey/nginx-php-fpm            Container running Nginx + PHP-FPM capable of…   782                                     [OK]

1.2 docker pull

[root@docker ~]# docker pull nginx
    Using default tag: latest
    latest: Pulling from library/nginx
    bf5952930446: Pull complete 
    cb9a6de05e5a: Pull complete 
    9513ea0afb93: Pull complete 
    b49ea07d2e93: Pull complete 
    a5e4a503d449: Pull complete 
    Digest: sha256:b0ad43f7ee5edbc0effbc14645ae7055e21bc1973aee5150745632a24a752661
    Status: Downloaded newer image for nginx:latest
    docker.io/library/nginx:latest

1.3 docker images

[root@docker ~]# docker images
    REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
    nginx               latest              4bb46517cac3        12 days ago         133MB

1.4 docker create

[root@docker ~]# docker create nginx
    fc3a1a3d46c370091ff001adabf7464222bf99b58ed4760def051d2de4c8a007

1.5 docker start

[root@docker ~]# docker start fc3a1a3d46c3
    fc3a1a3d46c3

1.6 docker ps

[root@docker ~]# docker ps 
    CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
    fc3a1a3d46c3        nginx               "/docker-entrypoint.…"   3 minutes ago       Up 22 seconds       80/tcp              mystifying_golick

1.7 docker run

[root@docker ~]# docker run -i -t  httpd /bin/bash
    Unable to find image 'httpd:latest' locally
    latest: Pulling from library/httpd
    bf5952930446: Already exists 
    3d3fecf6569b: Pull complete 
    b5fc3125d912: Pull complete 
    679d69c01e90: Pull complete 
    76291586768e: Pull complete 
    
    root@382ab2964715:/usr/local/apache2# ls
    bin  build  cgi-bin  conf  error  htdocs  icons  include  logs  modules

1.8 docker restart

[root@docker ~]# docker restart 40dc004de7b9 
    40dc004de7b9

1.9 docker stop

[root@docker ~]# docker stop fc3a1a3d46c3
    fc3a1a3d46c3

1.10 docker kill

[root@docker ~]# docker kill 40dc004de7b9
    40dc004de7b9

1.11 docker rm

[root@docker ~]# docker rm 382ab2964715
    382ab2964715

1.12 docker logs

[root@docker ~]# docker logs fc3a1a3d46c3 
    /docker-entrypoint.sh: /docker-entrypoint.d/ is not empty, will attempt to perform configuration
    /docker-entrypoint.sh: Looking for shell scripts in /docker-entrypoint.d/
    /docker-entrypoint.sh: Launching /docker-entrypoint.d/10-listen-on-ipv6-by-default.sh
    10-listen-on-ipv6-by-default.sh: Getting the checksum of /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
    10-listen-on-ipv6-by-default.sh: Enabled listen on IPv6 in /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf

1.13 docker attach

[root@docker ~]# docker attach fc3a1a3d46c3

1.14 docker exec

[root@docker ~]# docker exec -i -t fc3a1a3d46c3 /bin/bash
    root@fc3a1a3d46c3:/# ls
    bin   dev                  docker-entrypoint.sh  home  lib64  mnt  proc  run   srv  tmp  var
    boot  docker-entrypoint.d  etc                   lib   media  opt  root  sbin  sys  usr

1.15 docker info

[root@docker ~]# docker info
    Client:
     Debug Mode: false
    
    Server:
     Containers: 3
      Running: 1
      Paused: 0
      Stopped: 2
     Images: 2
     Server Version: 19.03.12
     Storage Driver: overlay2
      Backing Filesystem: xfs
      Supports d_type: true
      Native Overlay Diff: true

1.16 docker inspect

[root@docker ~]# docker inspect fc3a1a3d46c3
    [
        {
            "Id": "fc3a1a3d46c370091ff001adabf7464222bf99b58ed4760def051d2de4c8a007",
            "Created": "2020-08-26T14:28:15.332597137Z",
            "Path": "/docker-entrypoint.sh",
            "Args": [
                "nginx",
                "-g",
                "daemon off;"
            ],
            "State": {
                "Status": "running",