四.Redis极简入门-Java操作Redis

﹏ヽ暗。殇╰゛Y 2022-12-01 01:26 246阅读 0赞

### 1.Java集成Jedis ###

开始在 Java 中使用 Redis 前， 我们需要确保已经安装并启动 redis 服务及 Java redis 驱动，且你的机器上能正常使用 Java。可以取Maven仓库下载驱动包 [**下载 jedis.jar**][jedis.jar]，。

#### 1.1.搭建工程 ####

*  搭建普通java项目，项目名：jedis-demo

#### 1.2.导入Jedis依赖 ####

*  把Jedis和连接池包一起导入进来

commons-pool2-2.2.jar		#连接池
    jedis-2.5.2.jar			    #Jedis核心包

#### 1.3.编写测试类 ####

*  通过Jedis客户端对象连接Redis，调用API进行Redis

@Test
    public void testJedis()throws Exception{ 
        //创建连接
        String host ="127.0.0.1";
        //端口
        int port = 6379;
    	//超时时间,1秒超时
        int timeout = 1000;
        //jedis客户端
        Jedis jedis = new Jedis(host,port,timeout);
        //认证
        jedis.auth("123456");
        //执行操作,保存值
        jedis.set("username","wang da cui");
        //获取值
        String result = jedis.get("username");
        System.out.print(result);
        //关闭连接
        jedis.close();
    }

#### 1.4.连接池的使用 ####

如果直接使用 `Jedis`链接Redis会造成频繁的Jedis对象创建和销毁，对性能会有很大的影响，所以我们会选择使用连接池来链接性能。原理同Mysql连接池

*  编写测试方法，使用`JedisPool`连接池对象

@Test
    public void test()throws Exception{ 
        //1 创建jedispool配置对象
        JedisPoolConfig config = new JedisPoolConfig();
        //2 做配置
        //最大空闲连接数
        config.setMaxIdle(2);
        //最大链接对象数
        config.setMaxTotal(10);
        //链接超时时间
        config.setMaxWaitMillis(1*1000);
        //获取连接是测试连接是否畅通
        config.setTestOnBorrow(true);
        //3 创建jedispool连接池对戏
        //参数：配置对象，redis主机地址 ，超时时间，密码
        JedisPool pool = new JedisPool(config,"127.0.0.1",6379,1*1000,"123456");
        //4 通过jedispool获取连接
        Jedis jedis = pool.getResource();
        //5 执行操作
        jedis.set("age",10);
        String result = jedis.get("age");
        System.out.println(result);
        // 6 释放连接 , 底层做了兼容,如果是连接池操作就是释放,如果是连接操作就是关闭
        jedis.close(); 
        // 7 摧毁连接池-如果是真正项目中它应该是一个受spring管理的单例
        pool.destroy();
    }

*  工具类封装：JedisPool应该是单例的(想想你的Mybatis的DataSource也只是创建了一个)，为了方便使用，将`JedisPool`封装成工具。

redis.properties

redis.host=127.0.0.1
    redis.port=6379
    redis.password=123456
    redis.timeout=5000

RedisUtils

package org.example;
    
    import redis.clients.jedis.Jedis;
    import redis.clients.jedis.JedisPool;
    import redis.clients.jedis.JedisPoolConfig;
    
    import java.io.IOException;
    import java.util.List;
    import java.util.Map;
    import java.util.Properties;
    import java.util.Set;
    
    /** * 获取连接池对象 */
    public enum RedisUtils { 
    
        INSTANCE;
    
        //连接池
        static JedisPool jedisPool = null;
    
        static { 
            //1 创建连接池配置对象
            JedisPoolConfig config = new JedisPoolConfig();
            //2 进行配置-四个配置
            config.setMaxIdle(1);//最小连接数
            config.setMaxTotal(11);//最大连接数
            config.setMaxWaitMillis(10 * 1000L);//最长等待时间
            config.setTestOnBorrow(true);//测试连接时是否畅通
            //3 通过配置对象创建连接池对象
            Properties properties = null;
            try { 
                properties = new Properties();
                properties.load(RedisUtils.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("redis.properties"));
            } catch (IOException e) { 
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            String host = properties.getProperty("redis.host");
            String port = properties.getProperty("redis.port");
            String password = properties.getProperty("redis.password");
            String timeout = properties.getProperty("redis.timeout");
    
            jedisPool = new JedisPool(config, host, Integer.valueOf(port),Integer.valueOf(timeout), password);
        }
    
        //获取连接
        public Jedis getSource() { 
            return jedisPool.getResource();
        }
    
        //关闭资源
        public void closeSource(Jedis jedis) { 
            if (jedis != null) { 
                jedis.close();
            }
    
        }
    
        /** * hash操作字符串============================================== */
        public List<String> hvals(String key) { 
            Jedis jedis = getSource();
            List<String> hvals = jedis.hvals(key);
            closeSource(jedis);
            return hvals;
        }
        public Set<String> hkeys(String key) { 
            Jedis jedis = getSource();
            Set<String> hkeys = jedis.hkeys(key);
            closeSource(jedis);
            return hkeys;
        }
    
        public Long hset(String key,String field,String value) { 
            Jedis jedis = getSource();
            Long result = jedis.hset(key,field,value);
            closeSource(jedis);
            return result;
        }
        public String hmset(String key, Map<String,String> data) { 
            Jedis jedis = getSource();
            String result = jedis.hmset(key,data);
            closeSource(jedis);
            return result;
        }
        public String hget(String key,String field) { 
            Jedis jedis = getSource();
            String value = jedis.hget(key, field);
            closeSource(jedis);
            return value;
        }
        /** * hash操作byte[]============================================== */
        public List<byte[]> hvals(byte[] key) { 
            Jedis jedis = getSource();
            List<byte[]> hvals = jedis.hvals(key);
            closeSource(jedis);
            return hvals;
        }
        public Set<byte[]> hkeys(byte[] key) { 
            Jedis jedis = getSource();
            Set<byte[]> hkeys = jedis.hkeys(key);
            closeSource(jedis);
            return hkeys;
        }
    
        public Long hset(byte[] key,byte[] field,byte[] value) { 
            Jedis jedis = getSource();
            Long result = jedis.hset(key,field,value);
            closeSource(jedis);
            return result;
        }
        public String hmset(byte[] key, Map<byte[],byte[]> data) { 
            Jedis jedis = getSource();
            String result = jedis.hmset(key,data);
            closeSource(jedis);
            return result;
        }
        public byte[] hget(byte[] key,byte[] field) { 
            Jedis jedis = getSource();
            byte[] value = jedis.hget(key, field);
            closeSource(jedis);
            return value;
        }
    
    
        /** * 删除key */
        public boolean del(String key) { 
            Jedis jedis = getSource();
            long result  = jedis.del(key);
            closeSource(jedis);
            return result > 0;
        }
    
        /** * 设置字符值 * * @param key * @param value :value是字符串，如果要存储对象，转成JSON字符串在存储 */
        public void set(String key, String value) { 
            Jedis jedis = getSource();
            jedis.set(key, value);
            closeSource(jedis);
        }
    
        /** * 设置 * @param key * @param value */
        public void set(byte[] key, byte[] value) { 
            Jedis jedis = getSource();
            jedis.set(key, value);
            closeSource(jedis);
        }
    
        /** * * @param key * @return */
        public byte[]  get(byte[] key) { 
            Jedis jedis = getSource();
            try { 
                return jedis.get(key);
            } catch (Exception e) { 
                e.printStackTrace();
            } finally { 
                closeSource(jedis);
            }
            return null;
    
        }
    
        /** * 设置字符值 * * @param key * @return ：返回的是JSON格式的字符串 ，考虑转对象 */
        public String get(String key) { 
            Jedis jedis = getSource();
            try { 
                return jedis.get(key);
            } catch (Exception e) { 
                e.printStackTrace();
            } finally { 
                closeSource(jedis);
            }
    
            return null;
        }
    }

### 2.Jedis的API操作 ###

使用jedis来操作redis的key和value，而value有很多种类型，和命令操作一样。

#### 2.1.key的操作 ####

System.out.println(jedis.keys("*"));

#### 2.2.String的操作 ####

System.out.println(jedis.set("name","zhangsan"));//新增
    System.out.println(jedis.get("name"));//获取
    System.out.println(jedis.set("name","zhangsan1"));//修改
    System.out.println(jedis.get("name"));//获取
    System.out.println(jedis.del("name"));//删除
    System.out.println(jedis.keys("*"));//查看所有的key

#### 2.3.List的操作 ####

jedis.lpush("students1","1","2","3","5","6");	//添加数据
    System.out.println(jedis.lrange("students1", 0, 3));	//获取数据

*  排序操作，对于数字元素排序不需要加`SortingParams`，对于字符串需要指定`SortingParams`，并且指定使用assii值排序

//对数字排序
    jedis.flushDB();
    //添加数据
    jedis.lpush("nums","1","2","3","4","8","5","3","1");
    //排序
    System.out.println(jedis.sort("nums"));
    //指定排序方式
    SortingParams sortingParams1 = new SortingParams();
    sortingParams1.desc();
    System.out.println(jedis.sort("nums", sortingParams1));
    
    //对字母排序
    jedis.lpush("langues","java","php","c++","test","ui");
    SortingParams sortingParams = new SortingParams();
    sortingParams.alpha();
    sortingParams.desc();
    
    System.out.println(jedis.sort("langues",sortingParams));

#### 2.4.Set的操作 ####

jedis.sadd("students2","a1","b1","c1","b1");		//添加数据
    System.out.println(jedis.smembers("students2"));	//获取成员

#### 2.5.Hash操作 ####

jedis.hset("students3","student","zhangsan");			//添加数据
    System.out.println(jedis.hget("students3", "student"));	 //获取数据

#### 2.6.Hash存储对象 ####

序列化SerializeUtil.java

import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
    import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
    import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
    import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;
    
    public class SerializeUtil { 
        /** * 序列化 * * @param object * @return */
        public static byte[] serialize(Object object) { 
            ObjectOutputStream oos = null;
            ByteArrayOutputStream baos = null;
            try { 
                // 序列化
                baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
                oos = new ObjectOutputStream(baos);
                oos.writeObject(object);
                byte[] bytes = baos.toByteArray();
                return bytes;
            } catch (Exception e) { 
    
            }
            return null;
        }
    
        /** * 反序列化 * * @param bytes * @return */
        public static Object unserialize(byte[] bytes) { 
            ByteArrayInputStream bais = null;
            try { 
                // 反序列化
                bais = new ByteArrayInputStream(bytes);
                ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(bais);
                return ois.readObject();
            } catch (Exception e) { 
    
            }
            return null;
        }
    }

实体类User.java

import java.io.Serializable;
    
    public class User implements Serializable { 
    
        @Override
        public String toString() { 
            return "User{" +
                    "username='" + username + '\'' +
                    ", id=" + id +
                    '}';
        }
    
        private String username;
        private Long id;
    
        public String getUsername() { 
            return username;
        }
    
        public void setUsername(String username) { 
            this.username = username;
        }
    
        public Long getId() { 
            return id;
        }
    
        public void setId(Long id) { 
            this.id = id;
        }
    
        public User() { 
        }
    
        public User(String username, Long id) { 
            this.username = username;
            this.id = id;
        }
    }

测试代码

import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
    import org.junit.Test;
    
    import java.util.*;
    
    public class RedisTest { 
    
    
        private User createUser(){ 
            return new User("zs",1L);
        }
    
        private List<User> createUsers(){ 
            return Arrays.asList(
                    new User("zs",1L),
                    new User("zs",2L),
                    new User("zs",3L),
                    new User("zs",4L),
                    new User("zs",5L),
                    new User("zs",6L));
        }
    
        //查询所有的用户
        //根据id查询某个用户
        @Test
        public void test(){ 
    
            //存放====================================================================
            List<User> users = createUsers();
    
            Map<String,String> data = new HashMap<>(users.size());
    
            users.forEach(user -> { 
                data.put(user.getId().toString(),JSON.toJSONString(user));
            });
    
            String hmsetResult = RedisUtils.INSTANCE.hmset("users", data);
            System.out.println(hmsetResult);
            RedisUtils.INSTANCE.hset("users","7",JSON.toJSONString(new User("zs",7L)));
    
            //取所有值==================================================================
            List<String> values = RedisUtils.INSTANCE.hvals("users");
            List<User> result  = new ArrayList<>(values.size());
            values.forEach(value ->{ 
                result.add(JSON.parseObject(value,User.class));
            });
            System.out.println(values);
    
            //根据ID取User==============================================================
    
            String user = RedisUtils.INSTANCE.hget("users","1");
            System.out.println(user);
        }
    
        //查询所有的用户
        //根据id查询某个用户
        @Test
        public void test2(){ 
    
            //存放====================================================================
            List<User> users = createUsers();
    
            Map<byte[],byte[]> data = new HashMap<>(users.size());
    
            users.forEach(user -> { 
                data.put(user.getId().toString().getBytes(),SerializeUtil.serialize(user));
            });
    
            String hmsetResult = RedisUtils.INSTANCE.hmset("users".getBytes(), data);
            System.out.println(hmsetResult);
            RedisUtils.INSTANCE.hset("users".getBytes(),"7".getBytes(),SerializeUtil.serialize(new User("zs",7L)));
    
            //取所有值==================================================================
            List<byte[]> values = RedisUtils.INSTANCE.hvals("users".getBytes());
            List<User> result  = new ArrayList<>(values.size());
            values.forEach(value ->{ 
                result.add(((User)SerializeUtil.unserialize(value)));
            });
            System.out.println(result);
    
            //根据ID取User==============================================================
    
            byte[] user = RedisUtils.INSTANCE.hget("users".getBytes(),"7".getBytes());
            System.out.println(SerializeUtil.unserialize(user));
        }
    
    
        //查询所有的用户
        //根据id查询某个用户
        @Test
        public void test3(){ 
    
            //存放====================================================================
            RedisUtils.INSTANCE.hset("users".getBytes(),"7".getBytes(),SerializeUtil.serialize(new User("zs",7L)));
    
    
            //根据ID取User==============================================================
    
            byte[] user = RedisUtils.INSTANCE.hget("users".getBytes(),"7".getBytes());
            System.out.println(SerializeUtil.unserialize(user));
        }
    }

#### 2.7.事务操作 ####

jedis.set("name","zs");
    jedis.set("age",18);
    
    //开启事务
    Transaction multi = jedis.multi();
    multi.incr("name");
    multi.incr("age");
    //提交事务
    List<Object> result = multi.exec();
    System.out.println(result);
    
    //关闭连接
    jedis.close();
    
    //关闭连接池
    pool.destory();

[jedis.jar]: https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/redis.clients/jedis