Unity基础二：Material材质、Texture纹理(贴图) 和 Shader着色器

素颜马尾好姑娘i 2022-11-28 13:41 658阅读 0赞

### 1.  Material 材质 ###

材质：物体质地，色彩、纹理、光滑度、透明度、反射率、折射率、发光度，

材质的本质是shader的实例。

创建材质 ：

unity默认材质不允许修改，必须新建再修改：

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQyNjcyNzcw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70][]

新建材质：

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQyNjcyNzcw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1][]

给物体添加材质：

材质拖给 物体对象的Mesh  Renderer组件中的Materials 中的 Element

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQyNjcyNzcw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2][]

### 2. Texture纹理(贴图) 和 shader着色器 ###

（Shader是渲染管线中的GPU图像算法程序）

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQyNjcyNzcw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3][]

### 3.着色器  Shader程序 ###

Shader是一段代码，决定了所有功能属性。

**Material可以当成一个配置Shader属性数值的面板，修改材质球里的属性数值就是修改Shader的属性数值。**

GameObject物体只接收MenshRenderer, 而MeshjRenderer只接收材质。

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQyNjcyNzcw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4][]

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQyNjcyNzcw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 5][]

关系：

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQyNjcyNzcw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 6][]

物体是一个容器，里面不装资源，而是用来装组件的，所以**材质必须给到物体的MeshRenderer组件。**

**物理着色器：unity的物理学光照系统**

### 4、给物体添加shader的步骤： ###

1.新建材质：

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQyNjcyNzcw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 7][]

2. 拖动shader给材质：

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQyNjcyNzcw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 8][]

3. 拖动材质给物体

把材质拖动到object物体上MeshRenderer组件里的Materials里的Element）

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQyNjcyNzcw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 9][]

4. 添加贴图

可以在unity的工程项目文件里找到材质球文件（扩展名是 **.mat**），点击后在材质球的Inspector里直接添加Texture贴图纹理.

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQyNjcyNzcw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 10][]

也可以在已经添加过此材质球的物体里找到这个材质组件进行编辑。

这里编辑完后相应的材质球本身也是生效的。

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQyNjcyNzcw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 11][]

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQyNjcyNzcw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 12][]

5. 设置材质shader中的其它参数数值

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQyNjcyNzcw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 13][]

### 5. Rendering Mode渲染模式 ###

Opaque不透明、Cutout剪裁、Fade渐变、Transparent透明

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQyNjcyNzcw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 14][]

渲染模式Cutout 剪裁（镂空）

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQyNjcyNzcw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 15][]    ![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQyNjcyNzcw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 16][]

渲染模式Transparent透明：

玻璃的制作：渲染模式必须设置为Transparent透明

![2020081808274460.png][]

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQyNjcyNzcw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 17][]

渲染模式Fade 渐变：

可用于设置完全透明的淡入淡出

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQyNjcyNzcw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 18][]

### 6. Main Maps ###

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