docker compose 使用说明

雨点打透心脏的1/2处 2022-11-27 15:50 124阅读 0赞

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### docker compose 使用说明 ###

**使用docker compose，可以根据模板文件快速创建docker 容器集群**

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**安装 docker compose**

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**在线安装**

**官网：[https://docs.docker.com/compose/install/][https_docs.docker.com_compose_install]**

**linux 安装**

curl -L "https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/download/1.26.2/docker-compose-$(uname -s)-$(uname -m)" -o /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
    chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose

**下载docker compose relsease、放置在指定位置（/usr/local/bin/docker-compose）、使文件可执行**

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**离线安装**

**下载地址：****[https://github.com/docker/compose/releases][https_github.com_docker_compose_releases]**

本地下载docker compose release

上传到虚拟机指定位置（/usr/local/bin/docker-compose）

使文件可执行：chmod +x docker-compose

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**docker compose 命令**

**命令格式：docker-compose \[options\] \[command\] \[args\]**

[root@centos ~]# docker-compose --help
    Define and run multi-container applications with Docker.
    
    Usage:
      docker-compose [-f <arg>...] [options] [COMMAND] [ARGS...]
      docker-compose -h|--help
    
    Options:
      -f, --file FILE             Specify an alternate compose file
                                  (default: docker-compose.yml)
      -p, --project-name NAME     Specify an alternate project name
                                  (default: directory name)
      -c, --context NAME          Specify a context name
      --verbose                   Show more output
      --log-level LEVEL           Set log level (DEBUG, INFO, WARNING, ERROR, CRITICAL)
      --no-ansi                   Do not print ANSI control characters
      -v, --version               Print version and exit
      -H, --host HOST             Daemon socket to connect to
    
      --tls                       Use TLS; implied by --tlsverify
      --tlscacert CA_PATH         Trust certs signed only by this CA
      --tlscert CLIENT_CERT_PATH  Path to TLS certificate file
      --tlskey TLS_KEY_PATH       Path to TLS key file
      --tlsverify                 Use TLS and verify the remote
      --skip-hostname-check       Don't check the daemon's hostname against the
                                  name specified in the client certificate
      --project-directory PATH    Specify an alternate working directory
                                  (default: the path of the Compose file)
      --compatibility             If set, Compose will attempt to convert keys
                                  in v3 files to their non-Swarm equivalent
      --env-file PATH             Specify an alternate environment file
    
    Commands:
      build              Build or rebuild services
      config             Validate and view the Compose file
      create             Create services
      down               Stop and remove containers, networks, images, and volumes
      events             Receive real time events from containers
      exec               Execute a command in a running container
      help               Get help on a command
      images             List images
      kill               Kill containers
      logs               View output from containers
      pause              Pause services
      port               Print the public port for a port binding
      ps                 List containers
      pull               Pull service images
      push               Push service images
      restart            Restart services
      rm                 Remove stopped containers
      run                Run a one-off command
      scale              Set number of containers for a service
      start              Start services
      stop               Stop services
      top                Display the running processes
      unpause            Unpause services
      up                 Create and start containers
      version            Show the Docker-Compose version information

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**options 选项**

**-f ：**指定文件，默认为 **docker-compose.yml**

**-p ：**项目名称，默认使用**所在目录名**

**-c ：**上下文名称

**--verbose ：**输出详细信息

**--log-level  level ：**输出日志信息

**--env-file ：**环境变量文件

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**command 命令**

**官网：[https://docs.docker.com/compose/reference/][https_docs.docker.com_compose_reference]**

**build：**构建或者重新构建服务

**config：**查看compose 文件

**create：**创建服务

**up：**创建并运行服务

**scale：**设置容器的数量

**exec：**执行命令行

**logs：**查看服务输出

**ps：**列出服务容器

**pull：**拉取镜像

**push：**推送镜像

**kill：**强制关闭服务

**stop：**关闭服务

**pause：**暂停服务

**unpause：**恢复暂停的服务

**start：**开启服务

**restart：**重启服务

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**docker-compose.yml 文件**

**官网：[https://docs.docker.com/compose/compose-file/][https_docs.docker.com_compose_compose-file]**

**示例**

version: "3.8"
    services:
    
      redis:
        image: redis:alpine
        ports:
          - "6379"
        networks:
          - frontend
        deploy:
          replicas: 2
          update_config:
            parallelism: 2
            delay: 10s
          restart_policy:
            condition: on-failure
    
      db:
        image: postgres:9.4
        volumes:
          - db-data:/var/lib/postgresql/data
        networks:
          - backend
        deploy:
          placement:
            max_replicas_per_node: 1
            constraints:
              - "node.role==manager"
    
      vote:
        image: dockersamples/examplevotingapp_vote:before
        ports:
          - "5000:80"
        networks:
          - frontend
        depends_on:
          - redis
        deploy:
          replicas: 2
          update_config:
            parallelism: 2
          restart_policy:
            condition: on-failure
    
      result:
        image: dockersamples/examplevotingapp_result:before
        ports:
          - "5001:80"
        networks:
          - backend
        depends_on:
          - db
        deploy:
          replicas: 1
          update_config:
            parallelism: 2
            delay: 10s
          restart_policy:
            condition: on-failure
    
      worker:
        image: dockersamples/examplevotingapp_worker
        networks:
          - frontend
          - backend
        deploy:
          mode: replicated
          replicas: 1
          labels: [APP=VOTING]
          restart_policy:
            condition: on-failure
            delay: 10s
            max_attempts: 3
            window: 120s
          placement:
            constraints:
              - "node.role==manager"
    
      visualizer:
        image: dockersamples/visualizer:stable
        ports:
          - "8080:8080"
        stop_grace_period: 1m30s
        volumes:
          - "/var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock"
        deploy:
          placement:
            constraints:
              - "node.role==manager"
    
    networks:
      frontend:
      backend:
    
    volumes:
      db-data:

**version：**指定文件版本，如不制定minor 版本，minor默认为0**（version: 3 ==> version:  3.0）**

**services：**创建服务

**networks：**设置容器网络

**volumes：**数据卷

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**services 指令**

**build：**dockerfile所在文件夹路径**（绝对路径、相对docker-compose.yml文件路径）**

**image：**指定镜像文件，不存在则去拉取镜像

**dockerfile：**指定镜像文件，不能与image同时使用

**command：**覆盖容器启动后默认执行的命令，**command echo "hello wolrd"**

**container\_name：**容器名称，**默认：项目名称\_服务名称\_序列号**

**dns：**自定义dns服务器，**可以是一个值，也可以是多个值**

dns: 8.8.8.8
    
    dns:
      - 8.8.8.8
      - 9.9.9.9

**dns\_search：**dns搜索域，**可以是一个值，也可以是多个值**

dns_search: example.com
    
    dns_search:
      - domain1.example.com
      - domain2.example.com

**env\_file：**从文件中获取环境变量

**environment：**设置环境变量

**expose：**暴露端口

**extends：**基于其他模板进行拓展

**ports：**端口映射

ports:
      - "8080:8080"
      - "8000:8000"

**volumes：**数据卷

volumes:
      - "host_path_1:container_path_1"
      - "host_path_2:container_path_2:ro"

**network\_mode：**网络模式

network_mode: "bridge"
    network_mode: "host"
    network_mode: "none"
    network_mode: "service:[service name]"
    network_mode: "service:[container id | name]"

**networks：**设置网段

services:
      some-service:
        networks:
         - some-network
         - other-network

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**networks 指令**

**设置 ip 地址**

version: "3.8"
    
    services:
      app:
        image: nginx:alpine
        networks:
          app_net:
            ipv4_address: 172.16.238.10
            ipv6_address: 2001:3984:3989::10
    
    networks:
      app_net:
        ipam:
          driver: default
          config:
            - subnet: "172.16.238.0/24"
            - subnet: "2001:3984:3989::/64"

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**volumes 指令**

**容器共享数据卷**

version: "3.8"
    
    services:
      db:
        image: db
        volumes:
          - data-volume:/var/lib/db
      backup:
        image: backup-service
        volumes:
          - data-volume:/var/lib/backup/data
    
    volumes:
      data-volume: host_path

**容器不需要设置 宿主机目录，就可以实现容器数据共享**

[https_docs.docker.com_compose_install]: https://docs.docker.com/compose/install/
[https_github.com_docker_compose_releases]: https://github.com/docker/compose/releases
[https_docs.docker.com_compose_reference]: https://docs.docker.com/compose/reference/
[https_docs.docker.com_compose_compose-file]: https://docs.docker.com/compose/compose-file/