url_launcher_使用url_launcher插件在Flutter中启动本机URL方案

左手的ㄟ右手 2022-11-27 04:29 386阅读 0赞

url\_launcher

When developing mobile applications, there’s going to be times when you want to interact with apps outside of your own app. This could be something as simple as opening a web page in Safari, to deep-linking into another application with context.

在开发移动应用程序时，有时需要与自己的应用程序之外的应用程序进行交互。 这可能很简单，就像在Safari中打开网页一样，然后通过上下文将其深层链接到另一个应用程序中。

If this is something you’re looking for, we’re able to do exactly that with the `url_launcher` plugin! This plugin has [100 health rating][] on [pub.dev][] and is made by the Google [flutter.dev][] team.

如果您正在寻找这个东西，我们可以使用`url_launcher`插件来做到这`url_launcher` ！ 此插件在[pub.dev][]上具有[100的健康等级][100 health rating] ，由Google [flutter.dev][]团队开发。

## 创建一个新的Flutter项目 **(**Creating a new Flutter project**)** ##

As always, we’ll start off by setting up a new project and adding the plugin:

与往常一样，我们将从建立一个新项目并添加插件开始：

# New Flutter project
    $ flutter create flut_url_launcher
    
    # Open this up inside of VS Code
    $ cd flut_url_launcher && code .

## 添加URL启动器插件 **(**Adding the URL Launcher plugin**)** ##

Head over to your `pubspec.yaml` and add the following plugin:

转到您的`pubspec.yaml`并添加以下插件：

dependencies:
      flutter:
        sdk: flutter
    
      url_launcher: ^5.2.5

## 脚手架我们的项目 **(**Scaffolding our Project**)** ##

Our application only requires one page. We’ll go ahead and create a `HomePage` at `home_page.dart`.

我们的申请仅需一页。 我们将继续在`home_page.dart`创建`HomePage` 。

import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
    
    class HomePage extends StatelessWidget {
      @override
      Widget build(BuildContext context) {
        return Scaffold(
          appBar: AppBar(
            title: Text("URL Launcher"),
          ),
          body: Column(
            children: <Widget>[
              ListTile(
                title: Text("Launch Web Page"),
                onTap: () {},
              ),
            ],
          ),
        );
      }
    }

Let’s add the `HomePage` to `main.dart`:

让我们将`HomePage`添加到`main.dart` ：

import 'package:flut_url_launcher/home.dart';
    import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
    
    void main() => runApp(MyApp());
    
    class MyApp extends StatelessWidget {
      @override
      Widget build(BuildContext context) {
        return MaterialApp(
          title: 'URL Launcher',
          theme: ThemeData(
            primarySwatch: Colors.deepPurple,
          ),
          home: HomePage(),
        );
      }
    }

## 使用URL启动器插件 **(**Using the URL Launcher plugin**)** ##

The first thing that we’ll be doing is launching a web page, hence why we’ve got a placeholder `ListTile` for that.

我们要做的第一件事是启动一个网页，因此为什么要为此添加一个占位符`ListTile` 。

### 网页 **(**Web Pages**)** ###

The web page we’ll be launching is [google.com][]. Let’s update our `ListTile` to be an `async` function and do the following:

我们将启动的网页是[google.com][] 。 让我们将`ListTile`更新为`async`函数，然后执行以下操作：

ListTile(
      title: Text("Launch Web Page"),
      onTap: () async {
        const url = 'https://google.com';
    
        if (await canLaunch(url)) {
          await launch(url, forceSafariVC: false);
        } else {
          throw 'Could not launch $url';
        }
      },
    ),

Notice how we’re checking to see if the device `canLaunch` a particular URL scheme prior to calling the `launch` function.

请注意，在调用`launch`函数之前，我们如何检查设备`canLaunch`可以启动特定的URL方案。

In this case, we’re calling `launch` with `forceSafariVC`, as this makes it launch directly in the application on iOS.

在这种情况下，我们用`forceSafariVC`调用`launch` ，因为这使它可以直接在iOS上的应用程序中启动。

If we wanted both iOS and Android to open the web page inside the application (as a WebView, for example), we’d do something like this:

如果我们想让iOS和Android都在应用程序内部打开网页(例如，作为WebView)，我们将执行以下操作：

const url = 'https://google.com';
    
    if (await canLaunch(url)) {
      await launch(url, forceWebView: true);
    } else {
      throw 'Could not launch $url';
    }

This then gives us a WebView style:

然后，这为我们提供了WebView样式：

### Google Maps和Apple Maps **(**Google Maps and Apple Maps**)** ###

What about if you wanted to launch Google or Apple maps? Firstly, let’s define a `lat` and `lng` for wherever we want to open.

如果要启动Google或Apple地图怎么办？ 首先，让我们为要打开的位置定义`lat`和`lng` 。

class HomePage extends StatelessWidget {
      final String lat = "37.3230";
      final String lng = "-122.0312";
    
      // ...
    }

If you want to do this in a real application, you may want to take advantage of the Geolocation, for which I wrote about recently: [Flutter: Getting a User’s Location with the Geolocator Plugin][Flutter_ Getting a User_s Location with the Geolocator Plugin]

如果您想在真实的应用程序中执行此操作，则可能需要利用我最近写过的Geolocation： [Flutter：使用Geolocator插件获取用户的位置][Flutter_ Getting a User_s Location with the Geolocator Plugin]

We can then create a new `ListTile` that takes advantage of this:

然后，我们可以创建一个利用此优势的新`ListTile` ：

ListTile(
      title: Text("Launch Maps"),
      onTap: () async {
        final String googleMapsUrl = "comgooglemaps://?center=$lat,$lng";
        final String appleMapsUrl = "https://maps.apple.com/?q=$lat,$lng";
    
        if (await canLaunch(googleMapsUrl)) {
          await launch(googleMapsUrl);
        }
        if (await canLaunch(appleMapsUrl)) {
          await launch(appleMapsUrl, forceSafariVC: false);
        } else {
          throw "Couldn't launch URL";
        }
      },
    ),

### 电话 **(**Telephone**)** ###

Ring ring. Let’s add the functionality to call a phone number from within our app.

戒指响。 让我们添加从应用程序中拨打电话号码的功能。

Let’s add a `telephoneNumber`:

让我们添加一个`telephoneNumber` ：

class HomePage extends StatelessWidget {
      final String lat = "37.3230";
      final String lng = "-122.0312";
    
      final String telephoneNumber = "01817658822";
    
      // ...
    }

We can then add a new `ListTile` which can be used with the `tel:` URL scheme:

然后，我们可以添加一个可以与`tel:` URL方案一起使用的新`ListTile` ：

ListTile(
      title: Text("Telephone"),
      onTap: () async {
        String telephoneUrl = "tel:$telephoneNumber";
    
        if (await canLaunch(telephoneUrl)) {
          await launch(telephoneUrl);
        } else {
          throw "Can't phone that number.";
        }
      },
    ),

## 结语 **(**Wrap up**)** ##

I hope you can see the potential with the `url_launcher` plugin! We’re able to power up our Flutter app(s) by integrating native experiences across the board.

我希望您可以通过`url_launcher`插件看到潜力！ 我们能够通过全面集成本机体验来增强Flutter应用程序的功能。

> 翻译自: [https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/flutter-url-launcher][https_www.digitalocean.com_community_tutorials_flutter-url-launcher]

url\_launcher

[100 health rating]: https://pub.dev/packages/url_launcher#-analysis-tab-
[pub.dev]: https://pub.dev
[flutter.dev]: https://pub.dev/publishers/flutter.dev
[google.com]: https://google.com
[Flutter_ Getting a User_s Location with the Geolocator Plugin]: https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/flutter-geolocator-plugin
[https_www.digitalocean.com_community_tutorials_flutter-url-launcher]: https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/flutter-url-launcher