Spring Cloud（二十一）Seata 分布式事务

Bertha 。 2022-11-27 00:46 226阅读 0赞

**Table of Contents**

1.Seata 介绍

2.Seata-Server 安装

1.下载

2.修改file.conf

3.执行sql

4.修改registry.conf

5.启动Nacos、Seata

3.订单、库存、账户分布式搭建

1.场景

2.分布式架构图

3.业务数据库创建

4.对应库分别创建回滚日志表

5.业务微服务创建

4.Seata 事务模式

1.Seata AT模式

2.Seata TCC模式

--------------------

## 1.Seata 介绍 ##

[http://seata.io/zh-cn/docs/overview/what-is-seata.html][http_seata.io_zh-cn_docs_overview_what-is-seata.html]

[https://github.com/seata/seata/tags][https_github.com_seata_seata_tags]

Seata 是一款开源的**分布式事务解决方案**，致力于提供高性能和简单易用的分布式事务服务。Seata 将为用户提供了 **AT、TCC、SAGA 和 XA 事务模式**，为用户打造一站式的分布式解决方案。

**术语：**

**TC (Transaction Coordinator) - 事务协调者**

维护全局和分支事务的状态，驱动全局事务提交或回滚。

**TM (Transaction Manager) - 事务管理器**

定义全局事务的范围：开始全局事务、提交或回滚全局事务。

**RM (Resource Manager) - 资源管理器**

管理分支事务处理的资源，与TC交谈以注册分支事务和报告分支事务的状态，并驱动分支事务提交或回滚。

**Seata管理的分布式事务的典型生命周期：**

1.  TM向TC申请开启一个全局事务,全局事务创建成功并生成一个全局唯一的XID;
2.  XID在微服务调用链路的上下文中传播;
3.  RM向TC注册分支事务,将其纳入XID对应全局事务的管辖;
4.  TM向TC发起针对XID的全局提交或回滚决议;
5.  TC调度XID下管辖的全部分支事务完成提交或回滚请求。

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MjAzMjE5OQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70][]

## 2.Seata-Server 安装 ##

### 1.下载 ###

链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1xBTHgXk3jzJ38qVIMaGDVw   
提取码：snnm

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MjAzMjE5OQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1][]

### 2.修改file.conf ###

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MjAzMjE5OQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2][]

自定义事务组名称 + 事务日志存储模式为db + 数据库连接信息

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MjAzMjE5OQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3][]

### 3.执行sql ###

[https://github.com/seata/seata/blob/1.0.0/script/server/db/mysql.sql][https_github.com_seata_seata_blob_1.0.0_script_server_db_mysql.sql]

**注意：Seata 1.0.0版本下载的文件里面 /conf目录下面不会有db\_store.sql文件**

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MjAzMjE5OQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4][]

-- the table to store GlobalSession data
    CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `global_table`
    (
        `xid`                       VARCHAR(128) NOT NULL,
        `transaction_id`            BIGINT,
        `status`                    TINYINT      NOT NULL,
        `application_id`            VARCHAR(32),
        `transaction_service_group` VARCHAR(32),
        `transaction_name`          VARCHAR(128),
        `timeout`                   INT,
        `begin_time`                BIGINT,
        `application_data`          VARCHAR(2000),
        `gmt_create`                DATETIME,
        `gmt_modified`              DATETIME,
        PRIMARY KEY (`xid`),
        KEY `idx_gmt_modified_status` (`gmt_modified`, `status`),
        KEY `idx_transaction_id` (`transaction_id`)
    ) ENGINE = INNODB
      DEFAULT CHARSET = utf8;
    
    -- the table to store BranchSession data
    CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `branch_table`
    (
        `branch_id`         BIGINT       NOT NULL,
        `xid`               VARCHAR(128) NOT NULL,
        `transaction_id`    BIGINT,
        `resource_group_id` VARCHAR(32),
        `resource_id`       VARCHAR(256),
        `branch_type`       VARCHAR(8),
        `status`            TINYINT,
        `client_id`         VARCHAR(64),
        `application_data`  VARCHAR(2000),
        `gmt_create`        DATETIME,
        `gmt_modified`      DATETIME,
        PRIMARY KEY (`branch_id`),
        KEY `idx_xid` (`xid`)
    ) ENGINE = INNODB
      DEFAULT CHARSET = utf8;
    
    -- the table to store lock data
    CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `lock_table`
    (
        `row_key`        VARCHAR(128) NOT NULL,
        `xid`            VARCHAR(96),
        `transaction_id` BIGINT,
        `branch_id`      BIGINT       NOT NULL,
        `resource_id`    VARCHAR(256),
        `table_name`     VARCHAR(32),
        `pk`             VARCHAR(36),
        `gmt_create`     DATETIME,
        `gmt_modified`   DATETIME,
        PRIMARY KEY (`row_key`),
        KEY `idx_branch_id` (`branch_id`)
    ) ENGINE = INNODB
      DEFAULT CHARSET = utf8;

### 4.修改registry.conf ###

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MjAzMjE5OQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 5][]

### 5.启动Nacos、Seata ###

**启动参数设置**

启动文件：`seata-server.bat`

用文本编辑器打开文件，找到文件中这一行：

%JAVACMD% %JAVA_OPTS% -server -Xmx2048m -Xms2048m -Xmn1024m -Xss512k -XX:Sur......

看到 Seata Server 默认使用 2G 内存，测试环境我们可以把内存调低：

%JAVACMD% %JAVA_OPTS% -server -Xmx256m -Xms256m -Xmn128m -Xss512k -XX:Sur......

![20200814011830133.png][]

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MjAzMjE5OQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 6][]

## 3.订单、库存、账户分布式搭建 ##

### 1.场景 ###

*  **创建三个服务,一个订单服务,一个库存服务,一个账户服务**
 *  **当用户下单时,会在订单服务中创建一个订单,**
 *  **然后通过远程调用库存服务来扣减下单商品的库存,**
 *  **再通过远程调用账户服务来扣减用户账户里面的余额,**
 *  **最后在订单服务中修改订单状态为已完成.**

**该操作跨越三个数据库,有两次远程调用,很明显会有分布式事务问题**

### 2.分布式架构图 ###

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MjAzMjE5OQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 7][]

### 3.业务数据库创建 ###

/**订单数据库**/
    CREATE DATABASE seata_order DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8;
    
    /**订单表**/
    CREATE TABLE t_order(
    id BIGINT(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
    user_id BIGINT(11) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '用户id',
    product_id BIGINT(11) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '产品id',
    COUNT INT(11) DEFAULT 0 COMMENT '数量',
    money DECIMAL(11,0) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '金额',
    STATUS INT(1) DEFAULT 0 COMMENT '订单状态: 0:创建中:1:已完结'
    ) ENGINE=INNODB AUTO_INCREMENT=7 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
    
    
    --------------------------------------------------------------
    
    
    /**库存数据库**/
    CREATE DATABASE seata_storage DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8;
    
    /**库存表**/
    CREATE TABLE t_storage(
    id BIGINT(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
    product_id BIGINT(11) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '产品id',
    total INT(11) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '总库存',
    used INT(11) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '已用库存',
    residue INT(11) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '剩余库存'
    ) ENGINE=INNODB AUTO_INCREMENT=2 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
    
    INSERT INTO seata_storage.t_storage(id,product_id,total,used,residue) 
    VALUES(1,1,100,0,100);
    
    
    --------------------------------------------------------------
    
    
    /**账户数据库**/
    CREATE DATABASE seata_account DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8;
    
    /**账户表**/
    CREATE TABLE t_account(
    id BIGINT(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
    user_id BIGINT(11) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '用户id',
    total DECIMAL(10,0) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '总额度',
    used DECIMAL(10,0) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '已用余额',
    residue DECIMAL(10.0) DEFAULT 0 COMMENT '剩余可用额度'
    )ENGINE=INNODB AUTO_INCREMENT=2 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
    
    INSERT INTO seata_account.t_account(id,user_id,total,used,residue) 
    VALUES(1,1,1000,0,1000);

### 4.对应库分别创建回滚日志表 ###

[https://github.com/seata/seata/blob/1.0.0/script/client/at/db/mysql.sql][https_github.com_seata_seata_blob_1.0.0_script_client_at_db_mysql.sql]

-- for AT mode you must to init this sql for you business database. the seata server not need it.
    CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `undo_log`
    (
        `id`            BIGINT(20)   NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT 'increment id',
        `branch_id`     BIGINT(20)   NOT NULL COMMENT 'branch transaction id',
        `xid`           VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL COMMENT 'global transaction id',
        `context`       VARCHAR(128) NOT NULL COMMENT 'undo_log context,such as serialization',
        `rollback_info` LONGBLOB     NOT NULL COMMENT 'rollback info',
        `log_status`    INT(11)      NOT NULL COMMENT '0:normal status,1:defense status',
        `log_created`   DATETIME     NOT NULL COMMENT 'create datetime',
        `log_modified`  DATETIME     NOT NULL COMMENT 'modify datetime',
        PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
        UNIQUE KEY `ux_undo_log` (`xid`, `branch_id`)
    ) ENGINE = InnoDB
      AUTO_INCREMENT = 1
      DEFAULT CHARSET = utf8 COMMENT ='AT transaction mode undo table';

![20200814161702952.png][]

### 5.业务微服务创建 ###

![20200816005527635.png][]

@GlobalTransactional

**代码：[https://github.com/akeung/springclouddemo][https_github.com_akeung_springclouddemo]**

**pom**

<dependencies>
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-seata</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>io.seata</groupId>
                <artifactId>seata-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
                <version>1.0.0</version>
            </dependency>
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.ak.demo</groupId>
                <artifactId>api-commons</artifactId>
                <version>${project.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>mysql</groupId>
                <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
                <version>${mysql.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
                <artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
                <version>${druid.verison}</version>
            </dependency>
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
                <version>${mybatis.spring.boot.verison}</version>
            </dependency>
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbc</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
                <scope>runtime</scope>
                <optional>true</optional>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
                <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
                <optional>true</optional>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>

**yml**

server:
      port: 8911
    
    spring:
      application:
        name: seata-order
      cloud:
        nacos:
          discovery:
            server-addr: localhost:8848
    
      datasource:
        driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
        url: jdbc:mysql://192.168.71.128:3306/seata_order?useSSL=false
        username: root
        password: 123456
    
    feign:
      hystrix:
        enabled: true
    
    mybatis:
      mapper-locations: classpath:mapper/*.xml
      type-aliases-package: com.ak.demo.entities
    
    logging:
      level:
        io:
          seata: info
        com.ak.demo.dao: debug
    
    seata:
      enabled: true #默认
      tx-service-group: ak_tx_group #与seata-server的file.conf的对应
      registry:
        type: nacos
        nacos:
          server-addr: localhost:8848
      client:
        support:
          spring:
            datasource-autoproxy: true
      service:
        disable-global-transaction: false

测试：

[http://localhost:8911/order/create?userId=1&productId=1&money=10&count=10][http_localhost_8911_order_create_userId_1_productId_1_money_10_count_10]

## 4.Seata 事务模式 ##

*  Seata AT模式
 *  Seata TCC模式
 *  Seata Saga 模式
 *  Seata XA模式

### 1.Seata AT模式 ###

**机制**

两阶段提交协议的演变：

*  一阶段：业务数据和回滚日志记录在同一个本地事务中提交，释放本地锁和连接资源。
 *  二阶段：
    
     *  提交异步化，非常快速地完成。
     *  回滚通过一阶段的回滚日志进行反向补偿

**写隔离**

*  一阶段本地事务提交前，需要确保先拿到 **全局锁** 。
 *  拿不到 **全局锁** ，不能提交本地事务。
 *  拿 **全局锁** 的尝试被限制在一定范围内，超出范围将放弃，并回滚本地事务，释放本地锁。

**上面的案例为该模式，seata的默认模式**

### 2.Seata TCC模式 ###

全局事务是由若干分支事务组成的，分支事务要满足 **两阶段提交** 的模型要求，即需要每个分支事务都具备自己的：

*  一阶段 prepare 行为
 *  二阶段 commit 或 rollback 行为

TCC 与 Seata AT 事务一样都是**两阶段事务**，它与 AT 事务的主要区别为：

*  **TCC 对业务代码侵入严重**  
    每个阶段的数据操作都要自己进行编码来实现，事务框架无法自动处理。
 *  **TCC 效率更高**  
    不必对数据加**全局锁**，允许多个事务同时操作数据。

**举例：**

通过 @LocalTCC 每个服务分别自定义自己的 TccAction，@TwoPhaseBusinessAction在prepare方法，并注明commit方法和rollback方法。以下只举例order模块，storage和account模块可参照实现  TccAction 和  TccActionImpl

@LocalTCC
    public interface OrderTccAction {
    
        /*
        第一阶段的方法
        通过注解指定第二阶段的两个方法名
        
        BusinessActionContext 上下文对象，用来在两个阶段之间传递数据
        @BusinessActionContextParameter 注解的参数数据会被存入 BusinessActionContext
         */
        @TwoPhaseBusinessAction(name = "orderTccAction", commitMethod = "commit", rollbackMethod = "rollback")
        boolean prepareCreateOrder(BusinessActionContext businessActionContext,
                          @BusinessActionContextParameter(paramName = "orderId") Long orderId,
                          @BusinessActionContextParameter(paramName = "userId") Long userId,
                          @BusinessActionContextParameter(paramName = "productId") Long productId,
                          @BusinessActionContextParameter(paramName = "count") Integer count,
                          @BusinessActionContextParameter(paramName = "money") BigDecimal money);
    
        // 第二阶段 - 提交
        boolean commit(BusinessActionContext businessActionContext);
    
        // 第二阶段 - 回滚
        boolean rollback(BusinessActionContext businessActionContext);
    
    }

@Component
    @Slf4j
    public class OrderTccActionImpl implements OrderTccAction {
        @Autowired
        private OrderMapper orderMapper;
    
        @Transactional
        @Override
        public boolean prepareCreateOrder(BusinessActionContext businessActionContext, Long orderId, Long userId, Long productId, Integer count, BigDecimal money) {
            log.info("创建 order 第一阶段，预留资源 - "+businessActionContext.getXid());
    
            Order order = new Order(orderId, userId, productId, count, money, 0);
            orderMapper.create(order);
    
            //事务成功，保存一个标识，供第二阶段进行判断
            ResultHolder.setResult(getClass(), businessActionContext.getXid(), "p");
            return true;
        }
    
        @Transactional
        @Override
        public boolean commit(BusinessActionContext businessActionContext) {
            log.info("创建 order 第二阶段提交，修改订单状态1 - "+businessActionContext.getXid());
    
            // 防止幂等性，如果commit阶段重复执行则直接返回
            if (ResultHolder.getResult(getClass(), businessActionContext.getXid()) == null) {
                return true;
            }
    
            //Long orderId = (Long) businessActionContext.getActionContext("orderId");
            long orderId = Long.parseLong(businessActionContext.getActionContext("orderId").toString());
            orderMapper.updateStatus(orderId, 1);
    
            //提交成功是删除标识
            ResultHolder.removeResult(getClass(), businessActionContext.getXid());
            return true;
        }
    
        @Transactional
        @Override
        public boolean rollback(BusinessActionContext businessActionContext) {
            log.info("创建 order 第二阶段回滚，删除订单 - "+businessActionContext.getXid());
    
            //第一阶段没有完成的情况下，不必执行回滚
            //因为第一阶段有本地事务，事务失败时已经进行了回滚。
            //如果这里第一阶段成功，而其他全局事务参与者失败，这里会执行回滚
            //幂等性控制：如果重复执行回滚则直接返回
            if (ResultHolder.getResult(getClass(), businessActionContext.getXid()) == null) {
                return true;
            }
    
            //Long orderId = (Long) businessActionContext.getActionContext("orderId");
            long orderId = Long.parseLong(businessActionContext.getActionContext("orderId").toString());
            orderMapper.deleteById(orderId);
    
            //回滚结束时，删除标识
            ResultHolder.removeResult(getClass(), businessActionContext.getXid());
            return true;
        }
    }

@Service
    public class OrderServiceImpl implements OrderService {
        // @Autowired
        // private OrderMapper orderMapper;
        @Autowired
        EasyIdGeneratorClient easyIdGeneratorClient;
        @Autowired
        private AccountClient accountClient;
        @Autowired
        private StorageClient storageClient;
    
        @Autowired
        private OrderTccAction orderTccAction;
    
        @GlobalTransactional
        @Override
        public void create(Order order) {
            // 从全局唯一id发号器获得id
            Long orderId = easyIdGeneratorClient.nextId("order_business");
            order.setId(orderId);
    
            // orderMapper.create(order);
    
            // 这里修改成调用 TCC 第一节端方法
            orderTccAction.prepareCreateOrder(
                    null,
                    order.getId(),
                    order.getUserId(),
                    order.getProductId(),
                    order.getCount(),
                    order.getMoney());
    
            // 修改库存
            storageClient.decrease(order.getProductId(), order.getCount());
    
            // 修改账户余额
            accountClient.decrease(order.getUserId(), order.getMoney());
    
        }
    }

[http_seata.io_zh-cn_docs_overview_what-is-seata.html]: http://seata.io/zh-cn/docs/overview/what-is-seata.html
[https_github.com_seata_seata_tags]: https://github.com/seata/seata/tags
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MjAzMjE5OQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]: /images/20221124/dd79cd78a0b14082b6918534f57bc100.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MjAzMjE5OQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]: /images/20221124/7e2441d63e0f44098daad6a6aa054946.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MjAzMjE5OQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2]: /images/20221124/444389bc83e44a2d910a7cc7e16e8e2a.png
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[https_github.com_seata_seata_blob_1.0.0_script_server_db_mysql.sql]: https://github.com/seata/seata/blob/1.0.0/script/server/db/mysql.sql
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MjAzMjE5OQ_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4]: /images/20221124/06be63a630c449a5a838d6d8878d2514.png
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[20200814011830133.png]: /images/20221124/ab2b767a597643f19b3fa52077f62709.png
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[https_github.com_seata_seata_blob_1.0.0_script_client_at_db_mysql.sql]: https://github.com/seata/seata/blob/1.0.0/script/client/at/db/mysql.sql
[20200814161702952.png]: /images/20221124/32936114cbb44ac2ad3a32dcda82db55.png
[20200816005527635.png]: /images/20221124/4a716bb65b9d4e529f963148fa15c171.png
[https_github.com_akeung_springclouddemo]: https://github.com/akeung/springclouddemo
[http_localhost_8911_order_create_userId_1_productId_1_money_10_count_10]: http://localhost:8911/order/create?userId=1&productId=1&money=10&count=10