Linux中两个目录的区别[关闭]

╰半夏微凉° 2022-11-25 10:20 165阅读 0赞

本文翻译自：[Difference between two directories in Linux \[closed\]][Difference between two directories in Linux _closed]

*I'm trying to find the files existing in one directory but not in the other, I tried to use this command:* **我正在尝试查找存在于一个目录中但不存在于另一个目录中的文件，我尝试使用此命令：**

diff -q dir1 dir2

*The problem with the above command that it finds both the files in `dir1` but not in `dir2` as well as the files in `dir2` but not in `dir1` ,* **上面命令的问题是，它在`dir1`找到了文件，但在`dir2`找不到文件，在`dir2`找不到文件但在`dir1`找不到，**

*I am trying to find the files in `dir1` but not in `dir2` only.* **我试图在`dir1`找到文件但不在`dir2`找到。**

*Here's a small sample of what my data looks like* **这是我的数据的一个小样本**

dir1    dir2    dir3
    1.txt   1.txt   1.txt
    2.txt   3.txt   3.txt
    5.txt   4.txt   5.txt
    6.txt   7.txt   8.txt

*Another question on my mind is how can I find the files in `dir1` but not in `dir2` or `dir3` in a single command?* **我想到的另一个问题是如何在单个命令中找到`dir1`的文件而不是`dir2`或`dir3`中的文件？**

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### \#1楼 ###

参考：[https://stackoom.com/question/18riQ/Linux中两个目录的区别-关闭][https_stackoom.com_question_18riQ_Linux_-]

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### \#2楼 ###

diff -r dir1 dir2 | grep dir1 | awk '{print $4}' > difference1.txt

***Explanation:*** **说明：**

*  *`diff -r dir1 dir2` shows which files are only in dir1 and those only in dir2 and also the changes of the files present in both directories if any.* **`diff -r dir1 dir2`显示哪些文件仅在dir1中，哪些文件仅在dir2中，以及两个目录中存在的文件的更改（如果有）。**
 *  `diff -r dir1 dir2 | grep dir1` *`diff -r dir1 dir2 | grep dir1` shows which files are only in dir1* **`diff -r dir1 dir2 | grep dir1`显示哪些文件仅在dir1中**
 *  *`awk` to print only filename.* **`awk`只打印文件名。**

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### \#3楼 ###

comm -23 <(ls dir1 |sort) <(ls dir2|sort)

*This command will give you files those are in dir1 and not in dir2.* **此命令将为您提供dir1中的文件，而*不是* dir2中的文件。**

*About `<( )` sign, you can google it as 'process substitution'.* **关于`<( )`符号，您可以将其视为“流程替换”。**

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### \#4楼 ###

*vim's [DirDiff][] plugin is another very useful tool for comparing directories.* **vim的[DirDiff][]插件是另一个用于比较目录的非常有用的工具。**

vim -c "DirDiff dir1 dir2"

*It not only lists which files are different between the directories, but also allows you to inspect/modify with vimdiff the files that are different.* **它不仅列出了目录中哪些文件不同，而且还允许您使用vimdiff检查/修改不同的文件。**

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### \#5楼 ###

*This should do the job:* **这应该做的工作：**

diff -rq dir1 dir2

*Options explained (via diff(1) [man page][] ):* **解释选项（通过diff（1） [手册页][man page] ）：**

*  *`-r` \- Recursively compare any subdirectories found.* **`-r` \- 递归比较找到的所有子目录。**
 *  *`-q` \- Output only whether files differ.* **`-q` \- 仅输出文件是否不同。**

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### \#6楼 ###

*This is a bit late but may help someone.* **这有点晚了但可能对某人有帮助。** *Not sure if diff or rsync spit out just filenames in a bare format like this.* **不确定diff或rsync是否只是以像这样的裸格式吐出文件名。** *Thanks to plhn for giving that nice solution which I expanded upon below.* **感谢plhn提供了我在下面展开的优秀解决方案。**

*If you want just the filenames so it's easy to just copy the files you need in a clean format, you can use the find command.* **如果只需要文件名，那么只需以干净的格式复制所需的文件就很容易，可以使用find命令。**

*This assumes that both dir1 and dir2 are in the same parent folder.* **这假设dir1和dir2都在同一个父文件夹中。** *sed just removes the parent folder so you can compare apples with apples.* **sed只删除父文件夹，以便您可以将苹果与苹果进行比较。** *The last sed just puts the dir1 name back.* **最后一个sed只是将dir1名称放回去。**

*If you just want files:* **如果你只想要文件：**

*Similarly for directories:* **同样对于目录：**

[Difference between two directories in Linux _closed]: https://oldbug.net/q/18riQ/Difference-between-two-directories-in-Linux-closed
[https_stackoom.com_question_18riQ_Linux_-]: https://stackoom.com/question/18riQ/Linux%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%A4%E4%B8%AA%E7%9B%AE%E5%BD%95%E7%9A%84%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%AB-%E5%85%B3%E9%97%AD
[DirDiff]: http://www.vim.org/scripts/script.php?script_id=102
[man page]: https://linux.die.net/man/1/diff