Python：如何安装与使用 pip

àì夳堔傛蜴生んèń 2022-11-21 04:19 230阅读 0赞

### Python：如何安装与使用 pip ###

pip is already installed if you are using Python 2 >=2.7.9 or Python 3 >=3.8 downloaded from [python.org][] or if you are working in a [Virtual Environment][] created by [virtualenv][] or [pyvenv][]. Just make sure to [upgrade pip][].

## 升级 pip ##

On Linux or macOS:

pip install -U pip

On Windows:

python -m pip install -U pip

## 查看 pip 版本 ##

pip -V
    // 或者
    pip --version
    // 结果
    pip 20.2.4 from c:\program files\python\python39\lib\site-packages\pip (python 3.9)

## **列出 pip 已安装的包** ##

pip list
    // 结果
    Package    Version
    ---------- -------
    pip        20.2.4
    setuptools 49.2.1

## **显示安装包信息** ##

// pip show SomePackage Name
    pip show setuptools
    // 结果
    Name: setuptools
    Version: 49.2.1
    Summary: Easily download, build, install, upgrade, and uninstall Python packages
    Home-page: https://github.com/pypa/setuptools
    Author: Python Packaging Authority
    Author-email: distutils-sig@python.org
    License: UNKNOWN
    Location: c:\program files\python\python39\lib\site-packages
    Requires:
    Required-by:

## **查看可升级的包** ##

pip list -o
    // 结果
    Package    Version Latest Type
    ---------- ------- ------ -----
    setuptools 49.2.1  50.3.2 wheel

## **升级包** ##

pip install --upgrade SomePackage

## **安装包** ##

pip install SomePackage              # 最新版本
    pip install SomePackage==1.0.4       # 指定版本
    pip install 'SomePackage>=1.0.4'     # 最小版本

比如我要安装 Python。用以下的一条命令就可以，方便快捷。

pip install Python==3.9

## **升级包** ##

pip install --upgrade SomePackage

升级指定的包，通过使用==, >=, <=, >, < 来指定一个版本号。

## **卸载包** ##

pip uninstall SomePackage

## 查看已安装的包及版本信息 ##

pip freeze

导出已经安装包及版本信息到指定文件中，文件名称随意。

pip freeze > E:\requirements.txt

根据 **requirements.txt 安装指定包**

pip install -r E:\requirements.txt

## 搜索包 ##

pip search <搜索关键字>

## 使用pip –help命令可以查看pip帮助手册 ##

Usage:
      pip <command> [options]
    
    Commands:
      install                     Install packages.
      download                    Download packages.
      uninstall                   Uninstall packages.
      freeze                      Output installed packages in requirements format.
      list                        List installed packages.
      show                        Show information about installed packages.
      check                       Verify installed packages have compatible dependencies.
      config                      Manage local and global configuration.
      search                      Search PyPI for packages.
      cache                       Inspect and manage pip's wheel cache.
      wheel                       Build wheels from your requirements.
      hash                        Compute hashes of package archives.
      completion                  A helper command used for command completion.
      debug                       Show information useful for debugging.
      help                        Show help for commands.
    
    General Options:
      -h, --help                  Show help.
      --isolated                  Run pip in an isolated mode, ignoring environment variables and user configuration.
      -v, --verbose               Give more output. Option is additive, and can be used up to 3 times.
      -V, --version               Show version and exit.
      -q, --quiet                 Give less output. Option is additive, and can be used up to 3 times (corresponding to
                                  WARNING, ERROR, and CRITICAL logging levels).
      --log <path>                Path to a verbose appending log.
      --no-input                  Disable prompting for input.
      --proxy <proxy>             Specify a proxy in the form [user:passwd@]proxy.server:port.
      --retries <retries>         Maximum number of retries each connection should attempt (default 5 times).
      --timeout <sec>             Set the socket timeout (default 15 seconds).
      --exists-action <action>    Default action when a path already exists: (s)witch, (i)gnore, (w)ipe, (b)ackup,
                                  (a)bort.
      --trusted-host <hostname>   Mark this host or host:port pair as trusted, even though it does not have valid or any
                                  HTTPS.
      --cert <path>               Path to alternate CA bundle.
      --client-cert <path>        Path to SSL client certificate, a single file containing the private key and the
                                  certificate in PEM format.
      --cache-dir <dir>           Store the cache data in <dir>.
      --no-cache-dir              Disable the cache.
      --disable-pip-version-check
                                  Don't periodically check PyPI to determine whether a new version of pip is available for
                                  download. Implied with --no-index.
      --no-color                  Suppress colored output.
      --no-python-version-warning
                                  Silence deprecation warnings for upcoming unsupported Pythons.
      --use-feature <feature>     Enable new functionality, that may be backward incompatible.
      --use-deprecated <feature>  Enable deprecated functionality, that will be removed in the future.

[python.org]: https://www.python.org/
[Virtual Environment]: https://packaging.python.org/tutorials/installing-packages/#creating-and-using-virtual-environments
[virtualenv]: https://packaging.python.org/key_projects/#virtualenv
[pyvenv]: https://packaging.python.org/key_projects/#venv
[upgrade pip]: https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/installing/#upgrading-pip