JavaScript开发人员看过来！这份TypeScript快速入门简介请收好

傷城~ 2022-11-21 03:52 146阅读 0赞

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全文共**1165**字，预计学习时长**3**分钟

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图源：unsplash

如果你像我一样是一名JavaScript开发新手，那么你很可能也遇到过TypeScript——JavaScript的一个超集。TypeScript是JavaScript的开源扩展，通过向JavaScript添加类型，可将JavaScript从函数式编程语言更改为面向对象的编程语言。

那么向JavaScript添加类型有什么意义？这主要是为了便于发现开发中的错误。JavaScript的问题在于，错误通常发生在客户端，而不是开发人员端。TypeScript通过在测试之前在IDE中编译代码来解决此问题。如果你曾经编写过vanilla JavaScript，你就会知道这事多重要。

## 设置TypeScript ##

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要开始使用TypeScript，首先要做的是通过运行npm命令来全局安装TypeScript：npm i -g TypeScript。之后，使用以下代码快速创建一个名为index.ts的文件：

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此处，使用TypeScript的关键字接口定义一个名为TechBlogger的新对象。基本上，接口可以确保对象具有严格类型。这意味着只能传递一个字符串作为名称，一个数字作为id。现在将通过运行tscindex.ts来测试这段代码。会看到如下的错误提示：

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这是因为将id设为字符串而不是数字，并且使用的是TypeScript，这实际上会导致本地终端出错。需要注意，TypeScript在编译的同时还创建了index.js文件：

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因为TypeScript不是JavaScript的替代品，而是超集，因此它使用babel将其所有代码转换为vanilla JavaScript。在查看这段代码时，会发现它看起来像老式JavaScript。这是因为TypeScript默认为ES3，有一个简单的解决方法：

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首先创建一个名为tsconfig.json的文件，然后编写上图代码。这不仅可以将它编译到最新版本的ES，而且“监视”选项也可以使它每次保存时都进行编译，而不必编写tsc。这样就大有改进了：

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TypeScript的前几行代码已经编写好了，希望现在你对它有了更多了解。

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编译组：齐欣、郝岩君

相关链接：

https://medium.com/swlh/a-quick-intro-to-typescript-for-javascript-programmers-87bc649f71b1

如转载，请后台留言，遵守转载规范

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