windows下安装mysql和简单使用mysql

比眉伴天荒 2022-11-17 05:06 215阅读 0赞

安装下载：[https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/][https_dev.mysql.com_downloads_mysql]

## 安装教程 ##

（1）配置环境变量

变量名：MYSQL\_HOME

变量值：D:\\mysql-8.0.11-winx64（自己文件位置）

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NTYzMDA0Mg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center]

2）生成data文件

以管理员身份运行cmd

进入D:\\mysql-8.0.11-winx64\\bin>下

执行命令：**mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql**    在D:\\mysql-8.0.11-winx64\\bin目录下生成data目录

(3) 安装MySQL

继续执行命令：**mysqld -install**  
![在这里插入图片描述][20201014163055552.png_pic_center]

（4）启动服务

继续执行命令：**net start MySQL **  停止命令：**net stop mysql**

D:\mysql\mysql-8.0.23-winx64>net start mysql
    MySQL 服务正在启动 ..
    MySQL 服务已经启动成功。

（5）登录MySQL

登录mysql:(因为之前没设置密码，所以密码为空，不用输入密码，直接回车即可）

进到目录bin下

**D:\\mysql-8.0.11-winx64\\bin>mysql -u root -p**

D:\mysql\mysql-8.0.23-winx64>mysql -u root -p
    'mysql' 不是内部或外部命令，也不是可运行的程序
    或批处理文件。
    
    D:\mysql\mysql-8.0.23-winx64>cd bin
    
    D:\mysql\mysql-8.0.23-winx64\bin>mysql -u root -p
    Enter password: ******
    Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
    Your MySQL connection id is 8
    Server version: 8.0.23 MySQL Community Server - GPL
    
    Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
    
    Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
    affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
    owners.
    
    Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

（6）查询用户密码

查询用户密码命令：**mysql> select host,user,authentication\_string from mysql.user;**

mysql> select host,user,authentication_string from mysql.user;
    +-----------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
    | host      | user             | authentication_string                                                  |
    +-----------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
    | localhost | mysql.infoschema | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED |
    | localhost | mysql.session    | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED |
    | localhost | mysql.sys        | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED |
    | localhost | root             | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9                              |
    +-----------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
    4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
    
    mysql>

（7）设置（或修改）root用户密码

**mysql> use mysql**

mysql> use mysql
    Database changed
    mysql>

修改密码：

**mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost'  IDENTIFIED BY '123456';**

mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost'  IDENTIFIED BY '123456';
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.06 sec)
    
    mysql>

**mysql> flush privileges;**

作用：相当于保存，执行此命令后，设置才生效，若不执行，还是之前的密码不变

mysql> flush privileges;
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
    
    mysql>

（8）退出

**mysql> quit**

mysql> quit
    Bye

关于修改密码再次登录出现ERROR的解决方案：

1、所有东西都删除，然后重装，按照上面教程再来一遍；部分内容有更正。特别注意！

2、如果你之前装了，报错之后就一直放在那里，现在请严格按照下面步骤进行：

1、打开cmd，切换到mysql的bin目录下，输入命令net stop mysql，停止mysql服务；

2、打开mysql的安装目录，找到data文件夹，将其删除！

3、回到cmd命令窗口，输入mysqld -remove

4、接下来按照上面教程，从第二步生成data文件开始执行，一定要注意修改密码那里：

mysql> ALTER USER ‘root’@‘localhost’ IDENTIFIED WITH mysql\_native\_password BY ‘123456’;

[https_dev.mysql.com_downloads_mysql]: https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80NTYzMDA0Mg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center]: /images/20221022/1954546d43704f13b1541dff3c177eac.png
[20201014163055552.png_pic_center]: /images/20221022/d0e9b9ea235f4dbd8228191bc62ab269.png