【PyQt5 知识点示例代码】布局、菜单、信号与槽、对话框、组件

川长思鸟来 2022-11-15 03:51 691阅读 0赞

### PyQt5笔记 ###

*  重写按钮的关闭事件 closeEvent
 *  布局
 *   *  绝对布局
     *  盒布局
     *  网络布局
 *  状态栏、菜单栏、子菜单、勾选菜单、右键菜单
 *  信号与槽
 *   *  点击按钮显示窗口
     *  重写keyPressEvent - Esc关闭窗口
     *  内置槽函数 - 滚动条控制LCD
     *  自定义信号
     *  事件对象、重写mouseMoveEvent
 *  对话框
 *   *  输入对话框
     *  文件对话框
     *  颜色对话框
     *  字体对话框
 *  PyQt5组件
 *   *  按钮 QPushButton
     *  复选框 QCheckBox
     *  列表框 QListWidget
     *  行编辑 QLineEdit
     *  下拉式列表框 QComBox
     *  日历控件 QCalendarWdget
     *  进度条 QProgressBar
     *  树状列表 QTreeWidget
     *  表格 QTableWidget
     *  分割器 QSplitter

> 代码选自 **张少娴老师** 的 **《Python量化交易从入门到实战》**

# 重写按钮的关闭事件 closeEvent #

![在这里插入图片描述][20210330222052982.png]  
核心就是重写父类`QWidget`的`closeEvent`方法

import sys
    from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QWidget, QPushButton, QApplication, QMessageBox
    
    
    class Widget(QWidget):
        def __init__(self):
            super().__init__()
            self.initUI()
    
        def initUI(self):
            # 在窗口上创建一个按钮对象
            qbtn = QPushButton('关闭', self)
            # 将按钮对象的click事件连接到窗口的关闭方法
            qbtn.clicked.connect(self.close)
            # 指定按钮的位置
            qbtn.move(50, 50)
    
            # 设定窗口的位置和大小
            self.setGeometry(300, 300, 320, 160)
            self.setWindowTitle('请单击关闭按钮')
            self.show()
    
        def closeEvent(self, event):
            reply = QMessageBox.question(self, '提示信息',
                                         '确认要关闭窗口？',
                                         QMessageBox.Yes | QMessageBox.No,
                                         QMessageBox.No)
            if reply == QMessageBox.Yes:
                event.accept()
            else:
                event.ignore()
    
    
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        app = QApplication(sys.argv)
        w = Widget()
        sys.exit(app.exec_())

# 布局 #

## 绝对布局 ##

![在这里插入图片描述][2021033123523776.png]  
强行用`move`控制位置，不推荐这么做，页面兼容性很差

import sys
    from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QWidget, QPushButton, QApplication
    
    class Widget(QWidget):
        def __init__(self):
            super().__init__()
            self.initUI()
    
        def initUI(self):
            qbtn1 = QPushButton('功能1', self)
            qbtn1.move(50, 50)
    
            qbtn2 = QPushButton('功能2', self)
            qbtn2.move(100, 100)
    
            qbtn3 = QPushButton('功能3', self)
            qbtn3.move(150, 150)
    
            self.setGeometry(300, 300, 280, 170)
            self.setWindowTitle('绝对定位')
            self.show()
    
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        app = QApplication(sys.argv)
        w = Widget()
        sys.exit(app.exec_())

## 盒布局 ##

![在这里插入图片描述][20210331234921834.png]  
`addStretch` 表示“塞入弹簧”，用来控制盒布局的周围距离（塞的特多距离特大）

import sys
    from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QWidget, QPushButton, QHBoxLayout, QVBoxLayout, QApplication
    
    class Widget(QWidget):
        def __init__(self):
            super().__init__()
            self.initUI()
    
        def initUI(self):
            # 创建两个按钮对象
            okButton = QPushButton("确认")
            cancelButton = QPushButton("取消")
    
            hbox = QHBoxLayout()  # 创建一个水平盒布局对象hbox
            hbox.addStretch(4)
            hbox.addWidget(okButton)
            hbox.addWidget(cancelButton)
            hbox.addStretch(1)
    
            vbox = QVBoxLayout()    # 创建一个垂直盒布局对象vbox
            vbox.addStretch(1)
            vbox.addLayout(hbox)    # 弹簧把hbox压到了最下面
    
            self.setLayout(vbox)    # 将vbox设置为窗口的主布局对象
    
            self.setGeometry(300, 300, 360, 150)
            self.setWindowTitle('盒布局')
            self.show()
    
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        app = QApplication(sys.argv)
        w = Widget()
        sys.exit(app.exec_())

## 网络布局 ##

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzczNDA5NQ_size_1_color_FFFFFF_t_70]

import sys
    from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QWidget, QGridLayout, QPushButton, QApplication
    
    class Widget(QWidget):
        def __init__(self):
            super().__init__()
            self.initUI()
    
        def initUI(self):
            grid = QGridLayout()    # 创建一个网格布局grid,并将其设为窗口的主布局
            self.setLayout(grid)
    
            names = ['Cls', 'Bck', '', 'Close',  # 创建20个元素的字符串列表
                     '7', '8', '9', '/',
                     '4', '5', '6', '*',
                     '1', '2', '3', '-',
                     '0', '.', '=', '+']
    
            positions = [(i, j) for i in range(5) for j in range(4)]    # 创建20个元素的元组列表
    
            for position, name in zip(positions, names):    # 循环取每个坐标和按钮名称
                if name == '':  # 空字符串则什么都不做
                    continue
                button = QPushButton(name)
                print(*position)
                grid.addWidget(button, *position)
    
            self.move(300, 160)
            self.setWindowTitle('计算器')
            self.show()
    
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        app = QApplication(sys.argv)
        w = Widget()
        sys.exit(app.exec_())

# 状态栏、菜单栏、子菜单、勾选菜单、右键菜单 #

![在这里插入图片描述][20210331235624332.png]  
![在这里插入图片描述][20210331235639670.png]  
![在这里插入图片描述][20210331235655471.png]

import sys
    from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QMainWindow, QApplication, QAction, QMenu
    from PyQt5.QtGui import QIcon
    
    class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
        def __init__(self):
            super().__init__()
            self.initUI()
    
        def initUI(self):
            # 行为相关的代码
            # 创建一个行为对象
            exitAction = QAction(QIcon('exit.png'), '退出(&Q)', self)
            # 设置行为的快捷键
            exitAction.setShortcut('Ctrl+Q')
            # 设置行为的状态栏提示文本
            exitAction.setStatusTip('退出应用程序。')
            # 将该行为作关联到窗口的关闭事件
            exitAction.triggered.connect(self.close)
    
            # 菜单栏相关的代码
            # 创建一个菜单栏
            menubar = self.menuBar()
            # 在菜单栏中添加一个菜单
            fileMenu = menubar.addMenu('文件(&F)')
    
            # 创建两个行为和一个菜单，并将两个行为添加到菜单
            impTextAct = QAction('文本文件', self)
            impPictAct = QAction('图形文件', self)
            impMenu = QMenu('导入', self)
            impMenu.addAction(impTextAct)
            impMenu.addAction(impPictAct)
    
            fileMenu.addMenu(impMenu)   # 将子菜单添加到父菜单
            fileMenu.addSeparator()     # 在菜单中加入一条分隔线
            fileMenu.addAction(exitAction)
    
            # 将行为添加到菜单
            fileMenu.addAction(exitAction)
    
            # ①创建一个带勾选功能的行为
            viewStatAct = QAction('显示状态栏', self, checkable=True)
            viewStatAct.setStatusTip('状态栏显示开关。')
            viewStatAct.setChecked(True)
            viewStatAct.triggered.connect(self.toggleMenu)
    
            # ②创建一个新的菜单，并添加到菜单栏当中
            viewMenu = menubar.addMenu('视图(&V)')
            viewMenu.addAction(viewStatAct)
    
            self.statusBar().showMessage('就绪')
    
            self.setGeometry(300, 300, 360, 160)
            self.setWindowTitle('主窗口')
            self.show()
    
        def toggleMenu(self, state):
            """③行为“显示状态栏”的处理函数"""
            statusbar = self.statusBar()
            if state:
                statusbar.show()
            else:
                statusbar.hide()
    
        def contextMenuEvent(self, event):
               cmenu = QMenu(self)
    
               func1Act = cmenu.addAction("功能1")
               func2Act = cmenu.addAction("功能2")
               quitAct = cmenu.addAction("退出")
               action = cmenu.exec_(self.mapToGlobal(event.pos()))
    
               if action == quitAct:
                   self.close()
    
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        app = QApplication(sys.argv)
        w = MainWindow()
        sys.exit(app.exec_())

# 信号与槽 #

`对象1.信号.connect(对象2.槽函数)`

## 点击按钮显示窗口 ##

![在这里插入图片描述][20210401000337756.png]

import sys
    from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QMainWindow, QPushButton, QApplication, QMessageBox
    
    class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
        def __init__(self):
            super().__init__()
            self.initUI()
    
        def initUI(self):
            btn1 = QPushButton("按钮1", self)
            btn1.move(30, 50)
            btn1.clicked.connect(self.showMsg)
    
            btn2 = QPushButton("按钮2", self)
            btn2.move(150, 50)
            btn2.clicked.connect(self.showMsg)  # btn2与btn1连接到相同的槽函数
    
            self.setGeometry(300, 300, 290, 150)
            self.setWindowTitle('信号与槽')
            self.show()
    
        def showMsg(self):
            sender = self.sender()  # 获取信号是由哪个控件发出的,可以获取到btn1或btn2
            QMessageBox.information(self, '提示信息', f'{sender.text()}被按下。')
    
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        app = QApplication(sys.argv)
        ex = MainWindow()
        sys.exit(app.exec_())

## 重写keyPressEvent - Esc关闭窗口 ##

![在这里插入图片描述][20210401000418742.png]

import sys
    from PyQt5.QtCore import Qt
    from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QWidget, QApplication
    
    class Widget(QWidget):
        def __init__(self):
            super().__init__()
            self.initUI()
    
        def initUI(self):
            self.setGeometry(300, 300, 360, 130)  # (pos_x, pos_y, width, height)
            self.setWindowTitle('按Esc键关闭窗口')
            self.show()
    
        # 重写了键盘事件处理器
        def keyPressEvent(self, e):
            if e.key() == Qt.Key_Escape:
                self.close()
    
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        app = QApplication(sys.argv)
        w = Widget()
        sys.exit(app.exec_())

## 内置槽函数 - 滚动条控制LCD ##

![在这里插入图片描述][20210401001018955.png]

import sys
    from PyQt5.QtCore import Qt
    from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QWidget, QLCDNumber, QSlider, QVBoxLayout, QApplication
    
    class Widget(QWidget):
        def __init__(self):
            super().__init__()
            self.initUI()
    
        def initUI(self):
            # 创建一个QLCDNumber控件,QLCDNumber用于显示一个带有仿真显示屏效果的数字
            lcd = QLCDNumber(self)
            # 创建一个QSlider控件,QSlider提供了一个水平或垂直滑动条
            sld = QSlider(Qt.Horizontal, self)
    
            vbox = QVBoxLayout()
            vbox.addWidget(lcd)
            vbox.addWidget(sld)
    
            self.setLayout(vbox)
            # 将滑动条的valueChanged信号与LCD的display槽函数连接
            sld.valueChanged.connect(lcd.display)
    
            self.setGeometry(300, 300, 300, 150)
            self.setWindowTitle('LCD显示')
            self.show()
    
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        app = QApplication(sys.argv)
        w = Widget()
        sys.exit(app.exec_())

## 自定义信号 ##

![在这里插入图片描述][20210401000959676.png]

自定义信号方法一：自定义信号类继承`QObject`

import sys
    from PyQt5.QtCore import pyqtSignal, QObject
    from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QMainWindow, QApplication
    
    class MySignal(QObject):    # 自定义信号需要继承QObject
        sigClose = pyqtSignal()
    
    class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
        def __init__(self):
            super().__init__()
            self.initUI()
    
        def initUI(self):
            self.sig = MySignal():
            self.sig.sigClose.connect(self.close)   # 将sig的sigClose信号与窗口的close()槽函数连接
    
            self.setGeometry(300, 300, 320, 150)
            self.setWindowTitle('单击鼠标关闭')
            self.show()
    
        # 重写mousePressEvent事件处理器,该处理器在鼠标按下时触发
        def mousePressEvent(self, event):
            self.sig.sigClose.emit()    # 将sig的sigClose信号发出,会调用与之连接的close()槽函数
            # self.close()
    
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        app = QApplication(sys.argv)
        w = MainWindow ()
        sys.exit(app.exec_())

自定义信号方法二：直接在`MainWindow`类中定义信号属性，不需要专门定义一个类

import sys
    from PyQt5.QtCore import pyqtSignal
    from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QMainWindow, QApplication
    
    class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
        # 直接在MainWindow类中定义信号属性,不需要专门定义一个类
        sigClose = pyqtSignal()
    
        def __init__(self):
            super().__init__()
            self.initUI()
    
        def initUI(self):
            # 将sigClose信号与窗口的close()槽函数连接
            self.sigClose.connect(self.close)
    
            self.setGeometry(300, 300, 320, 150)
            self.setWindowTitle('单击鼠标关闭')
            self.show()
    
        def mousePressEvent(self, event):
            self.sigClose.emit()
    
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        app = QApplication(sys.argv)
        w = MainWindow ()
        sys.exit(app.exec_())

## 事件对象、重写mouseMoveEvent ##

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzczNDA5NQ_size_1_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]

import sys
    from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QWidget, QApplication, QLabel
    
    class Widget(QWidget):
        def __init__(self):
            super().__init__()
            self.initUI()
    
        def initUI(self):
            # QLabel控件用于显示文本
            self.label = QLabel("x: 0, y: 0 ", self)
            self.label.move(10, 10)
    
            # 鼠标指针移动可能会触发鼠标移动事件，该事件如果开启会被频繁触发,默认是不开启的
            self.setMouseTracking(True)
    
            self.setGeometry(300, 300, 350, 200)
            self.setWindowTitle('事件对象')
            self.show()
    
        def mouseMoveEvent(self, e):
            x = e.x()
            y = e.y()
    
            text = f"x: {x}, y: {y}"
            self.label.setText(text)
    
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        app = QApplication(sys.argv)
        w = Widget()
        sys.exit(app.exec_())

# 对话框 #

## 输入对话框 ##

![在这里插入图片描述][20210401001333329.png]  
![在这里插入图片描述][20210401001358877.png]  
![在这里插入图片描述][20210401001408493.png]

import sys
    from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QWidget, QPushButton, QLineEdit, QInputDialog, QApplication
    
    class Widget(QWidget):
        def __init__(self):
            super().__init__()
            self.initUI()
    
        def initUI(self):
            self.btn = QPushButton('输入', self)
            self.btn.move(20, 20)
            self.btn.clicked.connect(self.showDialog)
    
            # qLineEdit行编辑对象,用于单行输入
            self.le = QLineEdit(self)
            self.le.setEnabled(False)   # 设置为不可输入
            self.le.move(20, 60)
    
            self.setGeometry(300, 300, 300, 110)
            self.setWindowTitle('输入对话框')
            self.show()
    
        def showDialog(self):
            text, ok = QInputDialog.getText(self, '请输入', '您的名字:')
            if ok:
                self.le.setText(str(text))
    
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        app = QApplication(sys.argv)
        w = Widget()
        sys.exit(app.exec_())

## 文件对话框 ##

![在这里插入图片描述][20210401001510336.png]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzczNDA5NQ_size_1_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2]  
![在这里插入图片描述][20210401001616124.png]

import sys
    from PyQt5.QtWidgets import (QWidget, QPushButton, QLineEdit,
                                 QFileDialog, QApplication)
    
    class Widget(QWidget):
        def __init__(self):
            super().__init__()
            self.initUI()
    
        def initUI(self):
            self.btn = QPushButton('打开文件', self)
            self.btn.move(20, 20)
            self.btn.clicked.connect(self.showDialog)
    
            self.le1 = QLineEdit(self)
            self.le1.setEnabled(False)
            self.le1.resize(360,22)  # 调整大小
            self.le1.move(20, 60)
    
            self.le2 = QLineEdit(self)
            self.le2.setEnabled(False)
            self.le2.resize(360,22)
            self.le2.move(20, 90)
    
            self.setGeometry(300, 300, 400, 140)
            self.setWindowTitle('文件对话框')
            self.show()
    
        def showDialog(self):                       # ②
            fileName, filetype = QFileDialog.getOpenFileName(self,
                "打开文件",
                "./",
                "所有文件(*);;Python程序(*.py);;文本文件(*.txt)")
            if fileName:
                self.le1.setText(str(fileName))
                self.le2.setText(str(filetype))
    
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        app = QApplication(sys.argv)
        w = Widget()
        sys.exit(app.exec_())

## 颜色对话框 ##

![在这里插入图片描述][20210401001709145.png]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzczNDA5NQ_size_1_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3]  
![在这里插入图片描述][20210401001736509.png]

import sys
    from PyQt5.QtWidgets import (QWidget, QPushButton, QFrame,
                                 QColorDialog, QApplication)
    from PyQt5.QtGui import QColor
    
    class Widget(QWidget):
        def __init__(self):
            super().__init__()
            self.initUI()
    
        def initUI(self):
            col = QColor(0, 0, 0)
    
            self.btn = QPushButton('选择颜色', self)
            self.btn.move(20, 20)
            self.btn.clicked.connect(self.showDialog)
    
            # QFrame对象frm, QFrame继承自QWidget,在窗口中表现为一块区域
            self.frm = QFrame(self)
            # QFrame默认不可见,需要通过样式表(StyleSheet)来设置样式
            self.frm.setStyleSheet(f"QWidget { { background-color: {col.name()} }}")
            self.frm.setGeometry(130, 22, 100, 100)
    
            self.setGeometry(300, 300, 300, 150)
            self.setWindowTitle('颜色对话框')
            self.show()
    
        def showDialog(self):
            col = QColorDialog.getColor(title='请选择颜色')
            if col.isValid():   # 判断是否有效,如果点击Cancel则无效
                self.frm.setStyleSheet(f"QWidget { { background-color: {col.name()} }}")
    
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        app = QApplication(sys.argv)
        w = Widget()
        sys.exit(app.exec_())

## 字体对话框 ##

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzczNDA5NQ_size_1_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzczNDA5NQ_size_1_color_FFFFFF_t_70 5]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzczNDA5NQ_size_1_color_FFFFFF_t_70 6]

import sys
    from PyQt5.QtWidgets import (QWidget, QVBoxLayout, QPushButton,
                                 QLabel, QFontDialog, QApplication)
    from PyQt5.QtGui import QFont
    
    class Widget(QWidget):
        def __init__(self):
            super().__init__()
            self.initUI()
    
        def initUI(self):
            vbox = QVBoxLayout()
            self.setLayout(vbox)
    
            btn = QPushButton('选择字体', self)
            btn.clicked.connect(self.showDialog)
            vbox.addWidget(btn)
    
            self.font = QFont("宋体", 12)
    
            self.lbl = QLabel('桃李春风一杯酒，江湖夜雨十年灯。', self)
            self.lbl.setFont(self.font)
            vbox.addWidget(self.lbl)
    
            self.setGeometry(300, 300, 300, 180)
            self.setWindowTitle('字体对话框')
            self.show()
    
        def showDialog(self):
            self.font, ok = QFontDialog.getFont(self.font, caption='请选择字体')
            if ok:
                self.lbl.setFont(self.font)
    
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        app = QApplication(sys.argv)
        w = Widget()
        sys.exit(app.exec_())

# PyQt5组件 #

## 按钮 QPushButton ##

![在这里插入图片描述][20210401232155263.png]  
![在这里插入图片描述][20210401232202887.png]

import sys
    from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QWidget, QPushButton, QApplication
    
    class Widget(QWidget):
        def __init__(self):
            super().__init__()
            self.initUI()
    
        def initUI(self):
            self.btn = QPushButton('未按下', self)
            self.btn.setCheckable(True)     # 使按钮具有复选功能
            self.btn.move(50, 30)
            # 对于复现按钮,此处的按钮单击信号多了一个布尔型的参数,表示按下的状态
            self.btn.clicked[bool].connect(self.setText)
    
            self.setGeometry(300, 300, 280, 120)
            self.setWindowTitle('复选按钮')
            self.show()
    
        def setText(self, pressed):
            if pressed:
                self.btn.setText("已按下")
            else:
                self.btn.setText("未按下")
    
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        app = QApplication(sys.argv)
        w = Widget()
        sys.exit(app.exec_())

## 复选框 QCheckBox ##

![在这里插入图片描述][20210401232322280.png]  
![在这里插入图片描述][20210401232331926.png]  
![在这里插入图片描述][20210401232338699.png]

import sys
    from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QWidget, QCheckBox, QLabel, QApplication
    from PyQt5.QtCore import Qt
    
    class Widget(QWidget):
        def __init__(self):
            super().__init__()
            self.initUI()
    
        def initUI(self):
            cb = QCheckBox('显示文字', self)
            cb.move(20, 20)
            cb.setTristate(True)  # 开启三态选择
            cb.setCheckState(Qt.Checked)
            cb.stateChanged.connect(self.changeText)
    
            self.lbl = QLabel('桃李春风一杯酒，江湖夜雨十年灯。', self)
            self.lbl.move(20, 60)
    
            self.setGeometry(300, 300, 290, 120)
            self.setWindowTitle('复选框')
            self.show()
    
        def changeText(self, state):
            if state == Qt.Checked:  # Qt.Checked 2 选中
                self.lbl.setText('桃李春风一杯酒，江湖夜雨十年灯。')
            elif state == Qt.PartiallyChecked:  # Qt.PartiallyChecked 1 半选中
                self.lbl.setText('桃李春风一杯酒，')
            else:   # Qt.Unchecked 0 未选中
                self.lbl.setText('')
    
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        app = QApplication(sys.argv)
        w = Widget()
        sys.exit(app.exec_())

## 列表框 QListWidget ##

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzczNDA5NQ_size_1_color_FFFFFF_t_70 7]

import sys
    from PyQt5.QtWidgets import (QWidget, QLabel,
                                 QListWidget, QApplication)
    
    class Widget(QWidget):
        def __init__(self):
            super().__init__()
            self.initUI()
    
        def initUI(self):
            self.lbl = QLabel(self)
            self.lbl.move(20, 20)
    
            lw = QListWidget(self)
            lw.addItem("Python")
            lw.addItem("C++")
            lw.addItem("C#")
            lw.addItem("Java")
            lw.resize(230, 100)
            lw.move(20, 50)
            # 将lw的currentTextChanged信号与槽函数self.TextChanged连接
            # currentTextChanged信号在列表框中选项文本改变时发出,并将改变后的文本作为参数传递给槽函数
            lw.currentTextChanged[str].connect(self.TextChanged)
    
            self.setGeometry(300, 300, 320, 170)
            self.setWindowTitle('列表框')
            self.show()
    
        def TextChanged(self, text):
            self.lbl.setText(text)
            self.lbl.adjustSize()
            print(text)
    
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        app = QApplication(sys.argv)
        w = Widget()
        sys.exit(app.exec_())

## 行编辑 QLineEdit ##

![在这里插入图片描述][20210401232456495.png]

import sys
    from PyQt5.QtWidgets import (QWidget, QLabel,
                                 QLineEdit, QApplication)
    
    class Widget(QWidget):
        def __init__(self):
            super().__init__()
            self.initUI()
    
        def initUI(self):
            self.lbl = QLabel(self)
            self.lbl.move(20, 20)
    
            le = QLineEdit(self)                            # ①
            le.move(20, 50)
    
            le.textChanged[str].connect(self.TextChanged)   # ②
    
            self.setGeometry(300, 300, 280, 170)
            self.setWindowTitle('行编辑')
            self.show()
    
        def TextChanged(self, text):                        # ③
            self.lbl.setText(text)
            self.lbl.adjustSize()
    
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        app = QApplication(sys.argv)
        w = Widget()
        sys.exit(app.exec_())

## 下拉式列表框 QComBox ##

![在这里插入图片描述][20210401232646786.png]

import sys
    from PyQt5.QtWidgets import (QWidget, QLabel,
                                 QComboBox, QApplication)
    
    class Widget(QWidget):
        def __init__(self):
            super().__init__()
            self.initUI()
    
        def initUI(self):
            self.lbl = QLabel(self)
            self.lbl.move(20, 20)
    
            combo = QComboBox(self)
            combo.addItems(["Python", "C++", "C#", "Java"])
            combo.setGeometry(20,50,200,30)
            # combo = QComboBox(self)
            # combo.addItem("Python")
            # combo.addItem("C++")
            # combo.addItem("C#")
            # combo.addItem("Java")
            combo.move(20, 50)
    
            combo.currentTextChanged[str].connect(self.TextChanged)
            combo.currentTextChanged.emit(combo.currentText())
    
            combo.setEditable(True)
            combo.editTextChanged[str].connect(self.TextChanged)
    
            self.setGeometry(300, 300, 320, 160)
            self.setWindowTitle('下拉式列表框')
            self.show()
    
        def TextChanged(self, text):
            self.lbl.setText(text)
            self.lbl.adjustSize()
    
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        app = QApplication(sys.argv)
        w = Widget()
        sys.exit(app.exec_())

## 日历控件 QCalendarWdget ##

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzczNDA5NQ_size_1_color_FFFFFF_t_70 8]

import sys
    from PyQt5.QtWidgets import (QWidget, QCalendarWidget,
                                 QVBoxLayout, QLabel, QApplication)
    from PyQt5.QtCore import QDate, Qt
    
    class Widget(QWidget):
        def __init__(self):
            super().__init__()
            self.initUI()
    
        def initUI(self):
            cal = QCalendarWidget(self)  # 创建一个日期对象
            cal.setGridVisible(True)  # 在日历上显示格线
            cal.clicked[QDate].connect(self.showDate)  # 将日历的clicked信号与槽函数self.showDate连接
    
            self.lbl = QLabel(self)  # 创建一个QLabel对象
            self.lbl.setAlignment(Qt.AlignHCenter)  # 居中显示
            # 主动发出日历的clicked信号,并将日历的当前参数日期作为参数传递
            cal.clicked.emit(cal.selectedDate())
    
            vbox = QVBoxLayout()
            vbox.addWidget(cal)
            vbox.addWidget(self.lbl)
            self.setLayout(vbox)
    
            self.setGeometry(300, 300, 350, 300)
            self.setWindowTitle('日历')
            self.show()
    
        def showDate(self, date):
            self.lbl.setText(date.toString())
            self.lbl.adjustSize()
    
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        app = QApplication(sys.argv)
        w = Widget()
        sys.exit(app.exec_())

## 进度条 QProgressBar ##

![在这里插入图片描述][20210401232948172.png]

import sys
    from PyQt5.QtWidgets import (QWidget, QProgressBar,
                                 QPushButton, QApplication)
    from PyQt5.QtCore import QBasicTimer
    
    class Widget(QWidget):
        def __init__(self):
            super().__init__()
            self.initUI()
    
        def initUI(self):
            self.pbar = QProgressBar(self)  # 创建一个进度条对象(默认为水平进度条)
            self.pbar.setGeometry(20, 20, 260, 25)  # 设置进度条的位置和大小
    
            self.btn = QPushButton('开始', self)
            self.btn.move(20, 60)
            self.btn.clicked.connect(self.onBtnClicked)
    
            self.timer = QBasicTimer()  # 创建一个QBasicTimer对象
            self.step = 0  # 初始化为0
    
            self.setGeometry(300, 300, 300, 110)
            self.setWindowTitle('进度条')
            self.show()
    
        def onBtnClicked(self):  # 按钮单击信号的槽函数
            if not self.timer.isActive():  # 判断定时器是否正在运行,不在运行则开始运行
                self.timer.start(100, self)  # 启动定时器,时钟间隔为100ms
                self.btn.setText('暂停')
            else:  # 定时器在运行则暂停
                self.timer.stop()
                self.btn.setText('开始')
    
        def timerEvent(self, e):  # 重写timer事件处理器
            if self.step >= 100:  # 进度计数达到100
                self.timer.stop()
                self.btn.setText('结束')
                return
            self.step = self.step + 1
            self.pbar.setValue(self.step)
    
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        app = QApplication(sys.argv)
        w = Widget()
        sys.exit(app.exec_())

## 树状列表 QTreeWidget ##

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzczNDA5NQ_size_1_color_FFFFFF_t_70 9]

import sys
    from PyQt5.QtWidgets import *
    
    class Widget(QWidget):
        def __init__(self):
            super().__init__()
            self.initUI()
    
        def initUI(self):
            # 创建3个按钮
            addBtn = QPushButton("添加节点")
            updBtn = QPushButton("修改节点")
            delBtn = QPushButton("删除节点")
            addBtn.clicked.connect(self.addTreeNodeBtn)
            updBtn.clicked.connect(self.updTreeNodeBtn)
            delBtn.clicked.connect(self.delTreeNodeBtn)
    
            operatorLayout = QHBoxLayout()
            operatorLayout.addWidget(addBtn)
            operatorLayout.addWidget(updBtn)
            operatorLayout.addWidget(delBtn)
    
            self.tree = QTreeWidget(self)  # 创建一个QTreeWidget对象tree
            self.tree.setColumnCount(2)  # 将该对象设置为两列
            self.tree.setHeaderLabels(['名称', '值'])  # 设置每列的标题
            self.tree.setColumnWidth(0, 220)  # 设置第一列的宽度
            self.tree.clicked.connect(self.onTreeClicked)
    
            root = QTreeWidgetItem(self.tree)  # 创建一个节点root
            root.setText(0, '量化交易平台')  # 设置根节点第1列的值
            root.setText(1, '0')  # 设置根节点第2列的值
    
            child1 = QTreeWidgetItem(root)  # 创建一个节点child1,作为root的子节点
            child1.setText(0, '服务器+客户端')
            child1.setText(1, '1')
    
            child2 = QTreeWidgetItem(root)  # 创建一个节点child2,作为root的子节点
            child2.setText(0, '单服务器')
            child2.setText(1, '2')
    
            child3 = QTreeWidgetItem(root)  # 创建一个节点child3,作为root的子节点
            child3.setText(0, '单客户端')
            child3.setText(1, '3')
    
            child4 = QTreeWidgetItem(child3)  # 创建一个节点child4,作为child3的子节点
            child4.setText(0, 'vn.py')
            child4.setText(1, '31')
    
            child5 = QTreeWidgetItem(child3)  # 创建一个节点child5,作为child3的子节点
            child5.setText(0, 'QuickLib')
            child5.setText(1, '32')
    
            self.lbl = QLabel("量化交易平台分类。", self)
    
            mainLayout = QVBoxLayout(self)
            mainLayout.addLayout(operatorLayout)
            mainLayout.addWidget(self.tree)
            mainLayout.addWidget(self.lbl)
            self.setLayout(mainLayout)
    
            self.setGeometry(300, 300, 380, 260)
            self.setWindowTitle('树型列表')
            self.show()
    
        def onTreeClicked(self, index):
            item = self.tree.currentItem()
            self.lbl.setText(f"名称={item.text(0)} ,值={item.text(1)}")
    
        def addTreeNodeBtn(self):  # 添加节点
            self.lbl.setText('添加了一个节点。')
            item = self.tree.currentItem()  # 获取当前节点
            node = QTreeWidgetItem(item)  # 创建当前节点的子节点
            node.setText(0, '添加')
            node.setText(1, '101')
    
        def updTreeNodeBtn(self):  # 修改节点
            self.lbl.setText('修改了一个节点。')
            item = self.tree.currentItem()  # 获取当前节点
            item.setText(0, '修改')
            item.setText(1, '102')
    
        def delTreeNodeBtn(self):  # 删除节点
            item = self.tree.currentItem()  # 获取当前节点
            if item.parent():  # 有父节点,则不是根节点
                self.lbl.setText('删除了一个节点。')
                item.parent().removeChild(item)  # 从父节删除子节点
            else:  # 无父节点,则是根节点
                self.lbl.setText('根节点不允许删除。')
    
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        app = QApplication(sys.argv)
        w = Widget()
        sys.exit(app.exec_())

## 表格 QTableWidget ##

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzczNDA5NQ_size_1_color_FFFFFF_t_70 10]

import sys
    import pandas as pd
    from PyQt5.QtWidgets import (QWidget, QTableWidget, QTableWidgetItem,
                                 QAbstractItemView, QVBoxLayout, QApplication)
    
    class Widget(QWidget):
        def __init__(self):
            super().__init__()
            self.initUI()
    
        def initUI(self):
            self.headers = ['代码','名称','开盘价','最高价','最低价','收盘价']  # 表头标题列表
            self.stockList = QTableWidget()  # 创建一个表格控件
            self.stockList.setColumnCount(6)  # 表格设置为6列
            self.stockList.setHorizontalHeaderLabels(self.headers)  # 设置表格表头
    
            self.stockList.setEditTriggers(QAbstractItemView.NoEditTriggers)  # 将表格设置为不允许编辑
            self.stockList.setSelectionBehavior(QAbstractItemView.SelectRows)  # 表格选择模式设置为"行选择"
            self.stockList.setSelectionMode(QAbstractItemView.SingleSelection)  # 设置为只能选择单行,不多同时选择多行
            self.stockList.horizontalHeader().setStyleSheet('QHeaderView::section{background:lightgray}') # 设置表头样式
    
            # 从CSV文件中读取数据,保存到一个DataFrame对象中
            stock_list = pd.read_csv(r'stock_list.csv', header=None, encoding='gbk')
            for stock in stock_list.itertuples():
                self.add_line(stock)
    
            vbox = QVBoxLayout()
            vbox.addWidget(self.stockList)
            self.setLayout(vbox)
    
            self.setGeometry(300, 300, 800, 300)
            self.setWindowTitle('表格')
            self.show()
    
        def add_line(self, stock):
            rowCount = self.stockList.rowCount()  # 取表格当前行数
            self.stockList.setRowCount(rowCount + 1)  # 表格增加一行
            for i in range(6):  # 循环处理stock的6个数据
                item = QTableWidgetItem(str(stock[i + 1]))  # 从stock中取一个数据
                self.stockList.setItem(rowCount, i, item)  # 指定单元格和行和列,以及数据
    
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        app = QApplication(sys.argv)
        w = Widget()
        sys.exit(app.exec_())

## 分割器 QSplitter ##

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzczNDA5NQ_size_1_color_FFFFFF_t_70 11]

import sys
    from PyQt5.QtWidgets import (QWidget, QHBoxLayout, QGroupBox,
                                 QSplitter, QApplication)
    from PyQt5.QtCore import Qt
    
    class Widget(QWidget):
        def __init__(self):
            super().__init__()
            self.initUI()
    
        def initUI(self):
            hbox = QHBoxLayout(self)
    
            topleft = QGroupBox('顶部左',self)
            topleft.setMinimumHeight(80)
            topright = QGroupBox('顶部右',self)
            bottom = QGroupBox('底部',self)
    
            splitter1 = QSplitter(Qt.Horizontal)
            splitter1.addWidget(topleft)
            splitter1.addWidget(topright)
    
            splitter2 = QSplitter(Qt.Vertical)
            splitter2.addWidget(splitter1)
            splitter2.addWidget(bottom)
    
            hbox.addWidget(splitter2)
            self.setLayout(hbox)
    
            self.setGeometry(300, 300, 300, 200)
            self.setWindowTitle('分割器')
            self.show()
    
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        app = QApplication(sys.argv)
        w = Widget()
        sys.exit(app.exec_())

[20210330222052982.png]: /images/20221022/a4e27aed174142ba9883f32ffe612832.png
[2021033123523776.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/2021033123523776.png
[20210331234921834.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20210331234921834.png
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[20210331235624332.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20210331235624332.png
[20210331235639670.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20210331235639670.png
[20210331235655471.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20210331235655471.png
[20210401000337756.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20210401000337756.png
[20210401000418742.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20210401000418742.png
[20210401001018955.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20210401001018955.png
[20210401000959676.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20210401000959676.png
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[20210401001333329.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20210401001333329.png
[20210401001358877.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20210401001358877.png
[20210401001408493.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20210401001408493.png
[20210401001510336.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20210401001510336.png
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[20210401001616124.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20210401001616124.png
[20210401001709145.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20210401001709145.png
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