Python爬虫 requests教学（五）：常见异常处理

墨蓝 2022-11-13 11:20 284阅读 0赞

# 网页出现乱码 #

![43e4ab666c2cf603382c4e8bd899f8ee.png][]

出现乱码的原因是因为网页解码过程中没有设置如何编码

response.encoding = response.apparent_encoding

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# 请求头参数 #

**InvalidHeader: Invalid return character or leading space in header: User-Agent**

import requests
    
    headers = {
      'User-Agent': ' Mozilla/5.0 (windows NT 10.0; wow64) Applewebkit/537.36(KHTML，like Gecko) chrome/84.0.4128.3 safari/537.36'
    }
    response = requests.get( ' http: //www.shuquge.com/txt/8659/index.htm1 ' ,
    headers=headers)
    response.encoding = response.apparent_encoding
    html = response.text
    print(htm7)

其实很难发现问题在哪，但事实上是因为'Mozilla'之前多了个空格，把空格删去即可

# 得不到数据&参数错误 #

import requests
    
    headers = {
      'Host' : 'www.guazi. com ' ,
      'User-Agent ': 'Mozi11a/5.0 (windows NT 10.0; wOw64) ApplewebKit/537.36(KHTML，like Gecko) chrome/84.0.4128.3 safari/537.36',
    }
    response = requests.get( ' https: //www.guazi.com/cs/20e17311773b1706x.htm',
    headers=headers)
    response.encoding = response.apparent_encoding
    print(response.text)

请求到的数据与期待的数据不一样,这时候肯定是某些参数出现了问题.就检查是不是缺少了参数或者给错了参数.

# 目标计算机积极拒绝 #

import requests
    
    proxy_response = requests.get( 'http://134.175.188.27:5010/get')
    proxy = proxy_response.json()
    print(proxy)

错误

requests.exceptions.ConnectionError: 
    HTTPConnectionPoo1(host='134.175.188.27'，port=5010): 
    Max retries exceeded with url: /get (caused byNewConnectionError( ' <ur1lib3.connection.HTTPConnection object at Ox0000023AB83AC828>: Failed to establish a new connection: [winError 10061]由于目标计算机积极拒绝，无法连接。',))

*  被识别了
 *  网址输入错误了
 *  服务器停止提供服务器了

# 链接超时 #

import requests
    
    proxy_response = requests.get( ' http://134.175.188.27:5010/get'， timeout=0.0001)
    proxy = proxy_response.json(
    print(proxy)

错误

requests.exceptions.connectTimeout: 
    HTTPConnectionPoo1(host='134.175.188.27'port=5010): 
    Max retries exceeded with ur1: /get (caused byconnectTimeoutError(<ur1lib3.connection.HTTPConnection object at ox000002045EF9B8DO>，'Connection to 134.175.188.27 timed out.(connecttimeout=O.0001) '))

# 异常处理 #

import requests
    
    try :
      proxy_response = requests.get( 'http:/ /134.175.188.27:5010/get',timeout=O.0001)
      proxy = proxy_response.json()
      print(proxy)
    except:
      pass

[43e4ab666c2cf603382c4e8bd899f8ee.png]: /images/20221022/f977765e7a5b403086659b75afad6c6f.png
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