爬虫登录（webdriver登录和request登录）

绝地灬酷狼 2022-11-11 13:23 258阅读 0赞

## resquest申请 ##

#### 登录网页 ####

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2xvY2tob3U_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]

#### 对应源码 ####

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2xvY2tob3U_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]

#### 对应代码 ####

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2xvY2tob3U_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2]

#### 查找对应元素 ####

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2xvY2tob3U_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2xvY2tob3U_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2xvY2tob3U_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 5]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2xvY2tob3U_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 6]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2xvY2tob3U_size_6_color_FFFFFF_t_70]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2xvY2tob3U_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 7]  
**1.将申请处理网址作为session.post中的网址  
2.将账号输入到pyload字典中作为“username”的值，将密码输入到pyload字典中作为“password”的值，键的名称取决于网页源代码中对文本框所取得名字。**

## webdriver申请 ##

直接使用插件生成代码

from selenium import webdriver
    from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
    import requests
    import time
    driver = webdriver.Chrome()     # 打开 Chrome 浏览器
    
    # 将刚刚复制的帖在这
    driver.get("http://www.xue1888.com/")
    driver.execute_script("window.scrollTo(100,0);")
    driver.get_screenshot_as_file("./sreenshot1.png")
    key = input("please input the key with the picture：")
    driver.find_element_by_name("username").send_keys("02158412")
    driver.find_element_by_name("password").send_keys("194646")
    driver.find_element_by_name("key").send_keys(key)
    driver.find_element_by_xpath(u"//input[@value='登 录']").click()
    time.sleep(10)
    driver.find_element_by_link_text(u"点击进入文献下载页").click()
    driver.get("http://www.xue1888.com/e/action/ListInfo/?classid=1")
    driver.find_element_by_xpath("//div[@id='down_content']/div/div/ul/li[2]/a/div/h3").click()
    driver.find_element_by_link_text(u"英文文献下载(推荐)").click()
    driver.find_element_by_id("gs_hdr_tsi").clear()
    driver.find_element_by_id("gs_hdr_tsi").send_keys("Pest identification")
    driver.find_element_by_id("gs_hdr_frm").submit()

**所有主要浏览器都支持 scrollTo() 方法**

滚动内容的坐标位置100,500：
    function scrollWindow(){ 
        window.scrollTo(100,500);
    }

**启发于：[https://www.jb51.net/article/140239.htm][https_www.jb51.net_article_140239.htm]**  
**具体内容如下：**  
1.安装selenium：

如果你已经安装好anaconda3,直接在windows的dos窗口输入命令安装selenium：

python -m pip install --upgrade pip

查看版本pip show selenium

2.接着去http://chromedriver.storage.googleapis.com/index.html下载chromedriver.exe（根据chrome的版本下载对应的）

3.将下载好的chromedriver.exe解压后放到指定目录

4.安装tesseract-ocr.exe 配置环境变量

5.安装pytesseract : pip install pytesseract

6.python脚本

思路：6.1登录页面按F12检查元素，获取用户名 密码 验证码 验证码图片的元素id

6.2.调用chromedriver

6.3.截取验证码图片的位置

6.4.pytesseract识别图片中字符，最后验证码识别为空！！？？？这个待解决

6.5.脚本如下：

from selenium import webdriver
    from PIL import Image
    import pytesseract
    import os,time
    chromedriver = "D:\Program Files\Anaconda3\selenium\webdriver\chromedriver.exe" #这里写本地的chromedriver 的所在路径
    os.environ["webdriver.Chrome.driver"] = chromedriver #调用chrome浏览器
    driver = webdriver.Chrome(chromedriver)
    driver.get("http://xxxx.com") #该处为具体网址
    driver.refresh() #刷新页面
    driver.maximize_window() #浏览器最大化
    #获取全屏图片，并截取验证码图片的位置
    driver.get_screenshot_as_file('a.png')
    location = driver.find_element_by_id('imgValidateCode').location
    size = driver.find_element_by_id('imgValidateCode').size
    left = location['x']
    top = location['y']
    right = location['x'] + size['width']
    bottom = location['y'] + size['height']
    a = Image.open("a.png")
    im = a.crop((left,top,right,bottom))
    im.save('a.png')
    time.sleep(1)
    #打开保存的验证码图片
    image = Image.open("a.png")
    #图片转换成字符
    vcode = pytesseract.image_to_string(image)
    print(vcode)
    #填充用户名 密码 验证码
    driver.find_element_by_id("staffCode").send_keys("username")
    driver.find_element_by_id("pwd").send_keys("password")
    driver.find_element_by_id("validateCode").send_keys(vcode)
    #点击登录 
    driver.find_element_by_id("loginBtn").click()

[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2xvY2tob3U_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]: /images/20221022/c388c71be695485682c9b7c542ce9fbd.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2xvY2tob3U_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]: /images/20221022/ef8e91c025ed48a79f532615a40363cb.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2xvY2tob3U_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2]: /images/20221022/8aabdc8901664780ba39ea5adca1d1e4.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2xvY2tob3U_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20210320202009328.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2xvY2tob3U=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2xvY2tob3U_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20210320202109729.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2xvY2tob3U=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2xvY2tob3U_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 5]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20210320202559598.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2xvY2tob3U=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2xvY2tob3U_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 6]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20210320202324277.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2xvY2tob3U=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2xvY2tob3U_size_6_color_FFFFFF_t_70]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/2021032020241938.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2xvY2tob3U=,size_6,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2xvY2tob3U_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 7]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20210320203102218.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2xvY2tob3U=,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[https_www.jb51.net_article_140239.htm]: https://www.jb51.net/article/140239.htm