Arduino--VS Code开发Arduino PlatformIO IDE

冷不防 2022-10-22 11:57 549阅读 0赞

### 目录 ###

*  概述
 *  安装Visual Studio Code PlatformIO
 *  测试创建工程
 *   *  创建新工程时中的一些建议
 *  新工程终于构建好了（15分钟）
 *   *  新工程里面写程序
     *  编译：编译超快
     *  上传代码到板子：
     *  串口监视功能
 *  总结

[参考文档][Link 1]

# 概述 #

本文介绍如何使用VScode 直接开发Arduino 程序，避免使用Arduino IDE时的没有代码提示功能，文件关系不清晰、头文件打开不方便等问题及使用Visual Stdio集成插件的庞大安装工程；同时Visual Studio Code插件PlatformIO IDE开发Arduino 跨平台无论你是用的windows，ubuntu或者mac都可以玩转。

# 安装Visual Studio Code PlatformIO #

*  第一步：[https://code.visualstudio.com/][https_code.visualstudio.com]页面下载安装vscode.
 *  第二步：安装完成vscode启动，扩展页面下搜索platformio即可找到,选择第一个Platformio IDE，安装即可（这里需要耐心等待一会）
 *  第三步：安装完成，重启VS Code，左下角会多一个logo图标，点击后即可显示Platformio IDE主页

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzI4ODc3MTI1_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzI4ODc3MTI1_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 1]

# 测试创建工程 #

*  选择New Project创建工程（如上图），选择相应的Board，这里使用Arduino UNO
 *  选择Framework是Arduino，选择保存路径，等待工程完成需要一点时间（10分钟吧）
 *  完成，打开工程文件夹，修改main.cpp

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzI4ODc3MTI1_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 2]

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzI4ODc3MTI1_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 3]  
[参考文档][Link 1]

## 创建新工程时中的一些建议 ##

**请稍等**

*  第一次初始化需要Internet连接，并且可能需要一些时间（需要安装依赖的工具链，框架，SDK）。
 *  请耐心等待，并完成初始化。

**项目结构**

*  PlatformIO项目包含3个主要项目：
 *  lib-将项目特定的（专用）库放在此处
 *  src-将您的源文件放在此文件夹中
 *  platformio.ini-项目配置文件

**platformio.ini**

*  PlatformIO项目配置文件：
 *  通用选项-开发平台，开发板，框架
 *  构建选项-构建标志，源过滤器，额外的脚本
 *  上传选项-自定义端口，速度和额外标志
 *  库选项-依赖项，额外的库存储
 *  [其他说明和示例，请访问文档][Link 1]。

**上传端口**

*  默认情况下，PlatformIO自动检测上传端口。您可以使用platformio.ini中的upload\_port选项配置自定义端口：
 *  upload\_port = COM1-特定端口
 *  upload\_port = / dev / ttyUSB \*-以/ dev / ttyUSB开头的任何端口
 *  upload\_port = COM \[13\]-COM1或COM3。

# 新工程终于构建好了（15分钟） #

新工程需要网络下载环境，下载好后会自动跳到下面的界面  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzI4ODc3MTI1_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 4]

## 新工程里面写程序 ##

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzI4ODc3MTI1_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 5]  
编写代码时有提示！很 Nice！

#include <Arduino.h>
    
    void setup() { 
      // put your setup code here, to run once:
      Serial.begin(9600);
    }
    
    void loop() { 
      // put your main code here, to run repeatedly:
      Serial.println("Hello World\r\n");
      delay(500);
    }

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzI4ODc3MTI1_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 6]

## 编译：编译超快 ##

> Executing task: C:\Users\MyPC\.platformio\penv\Scripts\platformio.exe run <
    
    Processing uno (platform: atmelavr; board: uno; framework: arduino)
    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Verbose mode can be enabled via `-v, --verbose` option
    CONFIGURATION: https://docs.platformio.org/page/boards/atmelavr/uno.html
    PLATFORM: Atmel AVR (3.2.0) > Arduino Uno
    HARDWARE: ATMEGA328P 16MHz, 2KB RAM, 31.50KB Flash
    DEBUG: Current (avr-stub) On-board (avr-stub, simavr)
    PACKAGES:
     - framework-arduino-avr 5.1.0
     - toolchain-atmelavr 1.70300.191015 (7.3.0)
    LDF: Library Dependency Finder -> http://bit.ly/configure-pio-ldf
    LDF Modes: Finder ~ chain, Compatibility ~ soft
    Found 5 compatible libraries
    Scanning dependencies...
    No dependencies
    Building in release mode
    Compiling .pio\build\uno\src\main.cpp.o
    Archiving .pio\build\uno\libFrameworkArduinoVariant.a
    Compiling .pio\build\uno\FrameworkArduino\CDC.cpp.o
    Compiling .pio\build\uno\FrameworkArduino\HardwareSerial.cpp.o
    Compiling .pio\build\uno\FrameworkArduino\HardwareSerial0.cpp.o
    Compiling .pio\build\uno\FrameworkArduino\HardwareSerial1.cpp.o
    Indexing .pio\build\uno\libFrameworkArduinoVariant.a
    Compiling .pio\build\uno\FrameworkArduino\HardwareSerial2.cpp.o
    Compiling .pio\build\uno\FrameworkArduino\HardwareSerial3.cpp.o
    Compiling .pio\build\uno\FrameworkArduino\IPAddress.cpp.o
    Compiling .pio\build\uno\FrameworkArduino\PluggableUSB.cpp.o
    Compiling .pio\build\uno\FrameworkArduino\Print.cpp.o
    Compiling .pio\build\uno\FrameworkArduino\Stream.cpp.o
    Compiling .pio\build\uno\FrameworkArduino\Tone.cpp.o
    Compiling .pio\build\uno\FrameworkArduino\USBCore.cpp.o
    Compiling .pio\build\uno\FrameworkArduino\WInterrupts.c.o
    Compiling .pio\build\uno\FrameworkArduino\WMath.cpp.o
    Compiling .pio\build\uno\FrameworkArduino\WString.cpp.o
    Compiling .pio\build\uno\FrameworkArduino\abi.cpp.o
    Compiling .pio\build\uno\FrameworkArduino\hooks.c.o
    Compiling .pio\build\uno\FrameworkArduino\main.cpp.o
    Compiling .pio\build\uno\FrameworkArduino\new.cpp.o
    Compiling .pio\build\uno\FrameworkArduino\wiring.c.o
    Compiling .pio\build\uno\FrameworkArduino\wiring_analog.c.o
    Compiling .pio\build\uno\FrameworkArduino\wiring_digital.c.o
    Compiling .pio\build\uno\FrameworkArduino\wiring_pulse.S.o
    Compiling .pio\build\uno\FrameworkArduino\wiring_pulse.c.o
    Compiling .pio\build\uno\FrameworkArduino\wiring_shift.c.o
    Archiving .pio\build\uno\libFrameworkArduino.a
    Indexing .pio\build\uno\libFrameworkArduino.a
    Linking .pio\build\uno\firmware.elf
    Building .pio\build\uno\firmware.hex
    Checking size .pio\build\uno\firmware.elf
    Advanced Memory Usage is available via "PlatformIO Home > Project Inspect"
    RAM:   [=         ]   9.7% (used 198 bytes from 2048 bytes)
    Flash: [=         ]   5.1% (used 1632 bytes from 32256 bytes)
    ===================================================================================================== [SUCCESS] Took 38.31 seconds =====================================================================================================
    终端将被任务重用，按任意键关闭。

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzI4ODc3MTI1_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 7]

## 上传代码到板子： ##

PlatformIO IDE自动扫描串口设备，非常方便。  
点击上传图标

> Executing task: C:\Users\MyPC\.platformio\penv\Scripts\platformio.exe run --target upload <
    
    Processing uno (platform: atmelavr; board: uno; framework: arduino)
    ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Tool Manager: Installing platformio/tool-avrdude @ ~1.60300.0
    Downloading  [####################################]  100%
    Tool Manager: tool-avrdude @ 1.60300.200527 has been installed!
    Verbose mode can be enabled via `-v, --verbose` option
    CONFIGURATION: https://docs.platformio.org/page/boards/atmelavr/uno.html
    PLATFORM: Atmel AVR (3.2.0) > Arduino Uno
    HARDWARE: ATMEGA328P 16MHz, 2KB RAM, 31.50KB Flash
    DEBUG: Current (avr-stub) On-board (avr-stub, simavr)
    PACKAGES:
     - framework-arduino-avr 5.1.0
     - tool-avrdude 1.60300.200527 (6.3.0)
     - toolchain-atmelavr 1.70300.191015 (7.3.0)
    LDF: Library Dependency Finder -> http://bit.ly/configure-pio-ldf
    LDF Modes: Finder ~ chain, Compatibility ~ soft
    Found 5 compatible libraries
    Scanning dependencies...
    No dependencies
    Building in release mode
    Checking size .pio\build\uno\firmware.elf
    Advanced Memory Usage is available via "PlatformIO Home > Project Inspect"
    RAM:   [=         ]   9.7% (used 198 bytes from 2048 bytes)
    Flash: [=         ]   5.1% (used 1632 bytes from 32256 bytes)
    Configuring upload protocol...
    AVAILABLE: arduino
    CURRENT: upload_protocol = arduino
    Looking for upload port...
    Auto-detected: COM3
    Uploading .pio\build\uno\firmware.hex
    
    avrdude: AVR device initialized and ready to accept instructions
    
    Reading | ################################################## | 100% 0.01s
    
    avrdude: Device signature = 0x1e950f (probably m328p)
    avrdude: reading input file ".pio\build\uno\firmware.hex"
    avrdude: writing flash (1632 bytes):
    
    Writing | ################################################## | 100% 0.62s
    
    avrdude: 1632 bytes of flash written
    avrdude: verifying flash memory against .pio\build\uno\firmware.hex:
    avrdude: load data flash data from input file .pio\build\uno\firmware.hex:
    avrdude: input file .pio\build\uno\firmware.hex contains 1632 bytes
    avrdude: reading on-chip flash data:
    
    Reading | ################################################## | 100% 0.56s
    
    avrdude: verifying ...
    avrdude: 1632 bytes of flash verified
    
    avrdude: safemode: Fuses OK (E:00, H:00, L:00)
    
    avrdude done.  Thank you.
    
    ========================================================= [SUCCESS] Took 16.17 seconds =========================================================
    终端将被任务重用，按任意键关闭。

上传成功  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzI4ODc3MTI1_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 8]

## 串口监视功能 ##

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzI4ODc3MTI1_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 9]  
通过交互输入2连接COM3  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzI4ODc3MTI1_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 10]打印的是乱码 波特率不对！

> Executing task: C:\Users\MyPC\.platformio\penv\Scripts\platformio.exe device monitor <
    
    --- Available filters and text transformations: colorize, debug, default, direct, hexlify, log2file, nocontrol, printable, send_on_enter, time
    --- More details at http://bit.ly/pio-monitor-filters
    
    --- Available ports:
    ---  1: COM1                 '通信端口 (COM1)'
    ---  2: COM3                 'USB Serial Port (COM3)'
    ---  3: COM5                 'USB-SERIAL CH340 (COM5)'
    --- Enter port index or full name: 2
    --- Miniterm on COM3  9600,8,N,1 ---
    --- Quit: Ctrl+C | Menu: Ctrl+T | Help: Ctrl+T followed by Ctrl+H ---

命令：

--- pySerial (3.5) - miniterm - help
    ---
    --- Ctrl+C   Exit program (alias Ctrl+T Q)
    --- Ctrl+T   Menu escape key, followed by:
    --- Menu keys:
    ---    Ctrl+T  Send the menu character itself to remote
    ---    Ctrl+C  Send the exit character itself to remote
    ---    Ctrl+I  Show info
    ---    Ctrl+U  Upload file (prompt will be shown)
    ---    Ctrl+A  encoding
    ---    Ctrl+F  edit filters
    --- Toggles:
    ---    Ctrl+R  RTS   Ctrl+D  DTR   Ctrl+B  BREAK
    ---    Ctrl+E  echo  Ctrl+L  EOL
    ---
    --- Port settings (Ctrl+T followed by the following):
    ---    p          change port
    ---    7 8        set data bits
    ---    N E O S M  change parity (None, Even, Odd, Space, Mark)
    ---    1 2 3      set stop bits (1, 2, 1.5)
    ---    b          change baud rate
    ---    x X        disable/enable software flow control
    ---    r R        disable/enable hardware flow control

正常打印：  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzI4ODc3MTI1_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 11]

# 总结 #

至此可以看到，使用VSCode集成的PlatformIO IDE插件开发与查看arduino的代码都非常方便，编译和上传速度远比Arduino IDE块很多，工程目录和库文件结构又清晰。

[Link 1]: https://docs.platformio.org/en/latest/projectconf/index.html?utm_medium=piohome&utm_source=platformio
[https_code.visualstudio.com]: https://code.visualstudio.com/
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