linux 查找ls的别名,2019-04-08改错与alias别名、grep查找、tr替换、ls-lhi文件信息

约定不等于承诺〃 2022-10-20 12:26 9阅读 0赞

1、改错

\[root@lidao ~\]\# vim /tmp/oldboy.txt

vim编写文件突然关闭Linux系统两种方法

\[root@lidao ~\]\# vim /tmp/oldboy.txt再次打开

E325: ATTENTION

Found a swap file by the name "/tmp/.oldboy.txt.swp"

owned by: root dated: Mon Apr 8 16:26:39 2019

file name: /tmp/oldboy.txt

modified: YES

user name: root host name: lidao

process ID: 7594

While opening file "/tmp/oldboy.txt"

(1) Another program may be editing the same file. If this is the c

ase,

be careful not to end up with two different instances of the sa

file when making changes. Quit, or continue with caution.

(2) An edit session for this file crashed.

If this is the case, use ":recover" or "vim -r /tmp/oldboy.txt"

to recover the changes (see ":help recovery").

If you did this already, delete the swap file "/tmp/.oldboy.txt

.swp"

to avoid this message.

Swap file "/tmp/.oldboy.txt.swp" already exists!

\[O\]pen Read-Only, (E)dit anyway, (R)ecover, (D)elete it, (Q)uit, (A

)bort:

1、删除

\[root@lidao ~\]\# rm -rf /tmp/oldboy.txt

2、启用原文件

(R)ecoverrR

123

\-- REPLACE --

2、跟改alias别名

(一)暂时跟改别名

alias net='cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0'

\[root@lidao ~\]\# net

TYPE=Ethernet \#以太网

OXY\_METHOD=none

▽ROWSER\_ONLY=no

BOOTPROTO=none \#启动协议。静态，动态

DEFROUTE=yes

IPV4\_FAILURE\_FATAL=no

IPV6INIT=yes

IPV6\_AUTOCONF=yes

IPV6\_DEFROUTE=yes

IPV6\_FAILURE\_FATAL=no

IPV6\_ADDR\_GEN\_MODE=stable-privacy

NAME=eth0

UUID=69f0aa6f-50b3-4aab-9089-60d4748d26bc

DEVICE=eth0

ONBOOT=yes \#开机时是否和系统一起启动

IPADDR=10.0.0.201

PREFIX=24

GATEWAY=10.0.0.254

DNS1=10.0.0.254

DNS2=223.5.5.5

IPV6\_PRIVACY=no

(二)永久修改

\[root@lidao ~\]\# vim /etc/profile

export PATH USER LOGNAME MAIL HOSTNAME HISTSIZE HISTCONTROL

\# By default, we want umask to get set. This sets it for login shell

\# Current threshold for system reserved uid/gids is 200

\# You could check uidgid reservation validity in

\# /usr/share/doc/setup-\*/uidgid file

if \[ $UID -gt 199 \] && \[ "\`/usr/bin/id -gn\`" = "\`/usr/bin/id -un\`" \]; then

umask 002

else

umask 022

for i in /etc/profile.d/\*.sh /etc/profile.d/sh.local ; do

if \[ -r "$i" \]; then

if \[ "$\{-\#\*i\}" != "$-" \]; then

. "$i"

else

. "$i" >/dev/null

done

unset i

unset -f pathmunge

alias net='cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0'\#添加内容

"/etc/profile" 78L, 1878C written

生效source /etc/profile

\[root@lidao ~\]\# source /etc/profile

(三)检查

最后一行

\[root@lidao ~\]\# tail -3 /etc/profile

unset -f pathmunge

alias net='cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0'

\[root@lidao ~\]\# alias net

alias net='cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0'

grep过滤查找

\[root@lidao ~\]\# alias grep

alias grep='grep --color=auto' \#centos 7下面 默认就有 CentOS6 5需要手动配置

grep小结：

\-n 显示行号和内容

\-i 不区分大小写

\-v 取反或排除

\-w 按照单词进行过滤

grep命令练习题:

准备环境:

cat >/tmp/oldboy.txt<

oldboy

alex

oldboyoldboy

alexoldboy

Oldboy oLdboy

OLDBOY

EOF

1.过滤出文件中包含oldboy的行及行号

2.过滤出文件中包含oldboy(不区分大小写)的行及行号

3.过滤出不包含oldboy(不区分大小写)的行

4.按单词过滤出oldboy(不区分大小写)

\[root@lidao ~\]\# grep -n 'oldboy' /tmp/oldboy.txt

1:oldboy

3:oldboyoldboy

4:alexoldboy

\[root@lidao ~\]\# grep -in 'oldboy' /tmp/oldboy.txt

1:oldboy

3:oldboyoldboy

4:alexoldboy

5:Oldboy oLdboy

6:OLDBOY

\[root@lidao ~\]\# grep -iv 'oldboy' /tmp/oldboy.txt

alex

\[root@lidao ~\]\# grep -iw 'oldboy' /tmp/oldboy.txt

oldboy

Oldboy oLdboy

OLDBOY

3、tr替换

\[root@lidao ~\]\# tr 'o' '0' /tmp/oldboy.txt

tr: extra operand ‘/tmp/oldboy.txt’

Try 'tr --help' for more information.

\[root@lidao ~\]\# tr 'o' '0' < /tmp/oldboy.txt \#不加小于号认为是命令

0ldb0y

alex

0ldb0y0ldb0y

alex0ldb0y

Oldb0y 0Ldb0y

OLDBOY

\[root@lidao ~\]\# tr 'a-z' 'A-Z'

OLDBOY

ALEX

OLDBOYOLDBOY

ALEXOLDBOY

OLDBOY OLDBOY

OLDBOY

4、ls -lhi

\[root@lidao ~\]\# ls -lhi

total 16K

33575024 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 35 Apr 4 17:11 all.txt

33574978 -rw-------. 1 root root 1.5K Mar 26 11:43 anaconda-ks.cfg

16814991 drwxr-xr-x 12 root root 106 Apr 4 16:34 oldboy

33583369 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1 Apr 4 16:50 oldboy.txt

16778590 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Mar 27 20:34 oldman

33583367 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 7 Apr 3 20:18 old.txt

33583365 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 3 19:21 s.txt

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文件属性

[d2b03358d4ab_utm_campaign_maleskine_utm_content_note_utm_medium_seo_notes_utm_source_recommendation]: /images/20221020/d95484f38e234d16a8db0bd5da83ed7b.png