mysql 数据备份（mysqldump）

柔情只为你懂 2022-10-16 07:22 259阅读 0赞

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### mysql 数据备份（mysqldump） ###

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**mysqldump 使用**

**命令格式**

root@7a72b2ffd688:/# mysqldump --help
    mysqldump  Ver 8.0.25 for Linux on x86_64 (MySQL Community Server - GPL)
    Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
    
    Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
    affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
    owners.
    
    Dumping structure and contents of MySQL databases and tables.
    Usage: mysqldump [OPTIONS] database [tables]                          #导出指定数据库下的表
    OR     mysqldump [OPTIONS] --databases [OPTIONS] DB1 [DB2 DB3...]     #导出多个数据库所有表
    OR     mysqldump [OPTIONS] --all-databases [OPTIONS]                  #导出所有的数据库
    
    Default options are read from the following files in the given order:
    /etc/my.cnf /etc/mysql/my.cnf ~/.my.cnf 
    #配置文件的读取顺序：/etc/my.cnf /etc/mysql/my.cnf ~/.my.cnf 
    
    
    The following groups are read: mysqldump client
    The following options may be given as the first argument:
    --print-defaults        Print the program argument list and exit.
    --no-defaults           Don't read default options from any option file,
                            except for login file.
    --defaults-file=#       Only read default options from the given file #.
    --defaults-extra-file=# Read this file after the global files are read.
    --defaults-group-suffix=#
                            Also read groups with concat(group, suffix)
    --login-path=#          Read this path from the login file.
    
    
    #用户名、密码、端口
      -u, --user=name     User for login if not current user.
      -p, --password[=name] 
                          Password to use when connecting to server. If password is
                          not given it's solicited on the tty.
      -P, --port=#        Port number to use for connection.
    
    
    #导出所有数据库
      -A, --all-databases Dump all the databases. This will be same as --databases
                          with all databases selected.
    
    #导出指定的数据库，多个数据库用空格间隔
      -B, --databases     Dump several databases. Note the difference in usage; in
                          this case no tables are given. All name arguments are
                          regarded as database names. 'USE db_name;' will be
                          included in the output.
    
    #导出数据库下指定的表
      --tables            Overrides option --databases (-B).
    
    
    #导出所有的表命名空间
      -Y, --all-tablespaces 
                          Dump all the tablespaces.
    
    #不导出表的命名空间
      -y, --no-tablespaces 
                          Do not dump any tablespace information.
    
    #创建数据库语句前，添加删除语句，默认不添加
      --add-drop-database Add a DROP DATABASE before each create.
    
    #创建表语句前，添加删除语句，默认添加
      --add-drop-table    Add a DROP TABLE before each create.
                          (Defaults to on; use --skip-add-drop-table to disable.)
    
    #创建trigger前添加删除语句，默认不添加
      --add-drop-trigger  Add a DROP TRIGGER before each create.
    
    # insert语句前锁表
      --add-locks         Add locks around INSERT statements.
                          (Defaults to on; use --skip-add-locks to disable.)
      --allow-keywords    Allow creation of column names that are keywords.
    
    
    # 从服务器上使用该参数时，执行stop slave，
      输出此时从机复制的master binary log的偏移量、文件名称
      备份完成后，执行start slave，从原位置开始主从复制
    # 1 输出change master命令
    # 2 在change master命令前加注释
    # 该参数会锁定所有表（--loc-all-tables），除非使用--single-transactions参数
      --dump-slave[=#]    This causes the binary log position and filename of the
                          master to be appended to the dumped data output. Setting
                          the value to 1, will printit as a CHANGE MASTER command
                          in the dumped data output; if equal to 2, that command
                          will be prefixed with a comment symbol. This option will
                          turn --lock-all-tables on, unless --single-transaction is
                          specified too (in which case a global read lock is only
                          taken a short time at the beginning of the dump - don't
                          forget to read about --single-transaction below). In all
                          cases any action on logs will happen at the exact moment
                          of the dump.Option automatically turns --lock-tables off.
    
    #主机上执行，不会停止主从服务，输出binary log的偏移量、文件名称
    # 1 输出change master命令
    # 2 在change master前加注释
    # 该参数会锁定所有表（--lock-all-tables）,除非使用--single-transactions参数
      --master-data[=#]   This causes the binary log position and filename to be
                          appended to the output. If equal to 1, will print it as a
                          CHANGE MASTER command; if equal to 2, that command will
                          be prefixed with a comment symbol. This option will turn
                          --lock-all-tables on, unless --single-transaction is
                          specified too (in which case a global read lock is only
                          taken a short time at the beginning of the dump; don't
                          forget to read about --single-transaction below). In all
                          cases, any action on logs will happen at the exact moment
                          of the dump. Option automatically turns --lock-tables
                          off.
    
    # 导出数据时，创建一致性的数据快照，目前只支持innoDB存储引擎
    # 使用该命令时，其他连接不能使用alter table、drop table、rename table、truncate table语句
    # 该参数会自动关闭 --lock-tables
      --single-transaction 
                          Creates a consistent snapshot by dumping all tables in a
                          single transaction. Works ONLY for tables stored in
                          storage engines which support multiversioning (currently
                          only InnoDB does); the dump is NOT guaranteed to be
                          consistent for other storage engines. While a
                          --single-transaction dump is in process, to ensure a
                          valid dump file (correct table contents and binary log
                          position), no other connection should use the following
                          statements: ALTER TABLE, DROP TABLE, RENAME TABLE,
                          TRUNCATE TABLE, as consistent snapshot is not isolated
                          from them. Option automatically turns off --lock-tables.
    
    
      --apply-slave-statements 
                          Adds 'STOP SLAVE' prior to 'CHANGE MASTER' and 'START
                          SLAVE' to bottom of dump.
      --bind-address=name IP address to bind to.
      --character-sets-dir=name 
                          Directory for character set files.
      --column-statistics Add an ANALYZE TABLE statement to regenerate any existing
                          column statistics.
                          (Defaults to on; use --skip-column-statistics to disable.)
      -i, --comments      Write additional information.
                          (Defaults to on; use --skip-comments to disable.)
      --compatible=name   Change the dump to be compatible with a given mode. By
                          default tables are dumped in a format optimized for
                          MySQL. The only legal mode is ANSI.Note: Requires MySQL
                          server version 4.1.0 or higher. This option is ignored
                          with earlier server versions.
      --compact           Give less verbose output (useful for debugging). Disables
                          structure comments and header/footer constructs.  Enables
                          options --skip-add-drop-table --skip-add-locks
                          --skip-comments --skip-disable-keys --skip-set-charset.
      -c, --complete-insert 
                          Use complete insert statements.
      -C, --compress      Use compression in server/client protocol.
      -a, --create-options 
                          Include all MySQL specific create options.
                          (Defaults to on; use --skip-create-options to disable.)
      -#, --debug[=#]     This is a non-debug version. Catch this and exit.
      --debug-check       This is a non-debug version. Catch this and exit.
      --debug-info        This is a non-debug version. Catch this and exit.
      --default-character-set=name 
                          Set the default character set.
      --delete-master-logs 
                          Delete logs on master after backup. This automatically
                          enables --master-data.
      -K, --disable-keys  '/*!40000 ALTER TABLE tb_name DISABLE KEYS */; and
                          '/*!40000 ALTER TABLE tb_name ENABLE KEYS */; will be put
                          in the output.
                          (Defaults to on; use --skip-disable-keys to disable.)
    
    
      -E, --events        Dump events.
      -e, --extended-insert 
                          Use multiple-row INSERT syntax that include several
                          VALUES lists.
                          (Defaults to on; use --skip-extended-insert to disable.)
      --fields-terminated-by=name 
                          Fields in the output file are terminated by the given
                          string.
      --fields-enclosed-by=name 
                          Fields in the output file are enclosed by the given
                          character.
      --fields-optionally-enclosed-by=name 
                          Fields in the output file are optionally enclosed by the
                          given character.
      --fields-escaped-by=name 
                          Fields in the output file are escaped by the given
                          character.
      -F, --flush-logs    Flush logs file in server before starting dump. Note that
                          if you dump many databases at once (using the option
                          --databases= or --all-databases), the logs will be
                          flushed for each database dumped. The exception is when
                          using --lock-all-tables or --master-data: in this case
                          the logs will be flushed only once, corresponding to the
                          moment all tables are locked. So if you want your dump
                          and the log flush to happen at the same exact moment you
                          should use --lock-all-tables or --master-data with
                          --flush-logs.
      --flush-privileges  Emit a FLUSH PRIVILEGES statement after dumping the mysql
                          database.  This option should be used any time the dump
                          contains the mysql database and any other database that
                          depends on the data in the mysql database for proper
                          restore. 
      -f, --force         Continue even if we get an SQL error.
      -?, --help          Display this help message and exit.
      --hex-blob          Dump binary strings (BINARY, VARBINARY, BLOB) in
                          hexadecimal format.
      -h, --host=name     Connect to host.
      --ignore-error=name A comma-separated list of error numbers to be ignored if
                          encountered during dump.
      --ignore-table=name Do not dump the specified table. To specify more than one
                          table to ignore, use the directive multiple times, once
                          for each table.  Each table must be specified with both
                          database and table names, e.g.,
                          --ignore-table=database.table.
      --include-master-host-port 
                          Adds 'MASTER_HOST=<host>, MASTER_PORT=<port>' to 'CHANGE
                          MASTER TO..' in dump produced with --dump-slave.
      --insert-ignore     Insert rows with INSERT IGNORE.
      --lines-terminated-by=name 
                          Lines in the output file are terminated by the given
                          string.
      -x, --lock-all-tables 
                          Locks all tables across all databases. This is achieved
                          by taking a global read lock for the duration of the
                          whole dump. Automatically turns --single-transaction and
                          --lock-tables off.
      -l, --lock-tables   Lock all tables for read.
                          (Defaults to on; use --skip-lock-tables to disable.)
      --log-error=name    Append warnings and errors to given file.
    
      --max-allowed-packet=# 
                          The maximum packet length to send to or receive from
                          server.
      --net-buffer-length=# 
                          The buffer size for TCP/IP and socket communication.
      --no-autocommit     Wrap tables with autocommit/commit statements.
      -n, --no-create-db  Suppress the CREATE DATABASE ... IF EXISTS statement that
                          normally is output for each dumped database if
                          --all-databases or --databases is given.
      -t, --no-create-info 
                          Don't write table creation info.
      -d, --no-data       No row information.
      -N, --no-set-names  Same as --skip-set-charset.
      --opt               Same as --add-drop-table, --add-locks, --create-options,
                          --quick, --extended-insert, --lock-tables, --set-charset,
                          and --disable-keys. Enabled by default, disable with
                          --skip-opt.
      --order-by-primary  Sorts each table's rows by primary key, or first unique
                          key, if such a key exists.  Useful when dumping a MyISAM
                          table to be loaded into an InnoDB table, but will make
                          the dump itself take considerably longer.
    
      --protocol=name     The protocol to use for connection (tcp, socket, pipe,
                          memory).
      -q, --quick         Don't buffer query, dump directly to stdout.
                          (Defaults to on; use --skip-quick to disable.)
      -Q, --quote-names   Quote table and column names with backticks (`).
                          (Defaults to on; use --skip-quote-names to disable.)
      --replace           Use REPLACE INTO instead of INSERT INTO.
      -r, --result-file=name 
                          Direct output to a given file. This option should be used
                          in systems (e.g., DOS, Windows) that use carriage-return
                          linefeed pairs (\r\n) to separate text lines. This option
                          ensures that only a single newline is used.
      -R, --routines      Dump stored routines (functions and procedures).
      --set-charset       Add 'SET NAMES default_character_set' to the output.
                          (Defaults to on; use --skip-set-charset to disable.)
      --set-gtid-purged[=name] 
                          Add 'SET @@GLOBAL.GTID_PURGED' to the output. Possible
                          values for this option are ON, COMMENTED, OFF and AUTO.
                          If ON is used and GTIDs are not enabled on the server, an
                          error is generated. If COMMENTED is used, 'SET
                          @@GLOBAL.GTID_PURGED' is added as a comment. If OFF is
                          used, this option does nothing. If AUTO is used and GTIDs
                          are enabled on the server, 'SET @@GLOBAL.GTID_PURGED' is
                          added to the output. If GTIDs are disabled, AUTO does
                          nothing. If no value is supplied then the default (AUTO)
                          value will be considered.
      --dump-date         Put a dump date to the end of the output.
                          (Defaults to on; use --skip-dump-date to disable.)
      --skip-opt          Disable --opt. Disables --add-drop-table, --add-locks,
                          --create-options, --quick, --extended-insert,
                          --lock-tables, --set-charset, and --disable-keys.
      -S, --socket=name   The socket file to use for connection.
      --server-public-key-path=name 
                          File path to the server public RSA key in PEM format.
      --get-server-public-key 
                          Get server public key
      --ssl-mode=name     SSL connection mode.
      --ssl-ca=name       CA file in PEM format.
      --ssl-capath=name   CA directory.
      --ssl-cert=name     X509 cert in PEM format.
      --ssl-cipher=name   SSL cipher to use.
      --ssl-key=name      X509 key in PEM format.
      --ssl-crl=name      Certificate revocation list.
      --ssl-crlpath=name  Certificate revocation list path.
      --tls-version=name  TLS version to use, permitted values are: TLSv1, TLSv1.1,
                          TLSv1.2, TLSv1.3
      --ssl-fips-mode=name 
                          SSL FIPS mode (applies only for OpenSSL); permitted
                          values are: OFF, ON, STRICT
      --tls-ciphersuites=name 
                          TLS v1.3 cipher to use.
      -T, --tab=name      Create tab-separated textfile for each table to given
                          path. (Create .sql and .txt files.) NOTE: This only works
                          if mysqldump is run on the same machine as the mysqld
                          server.
      --triggers          Dump triggers for each dumped table.
                          (Defaults to on; use --skip-triggers to disable.)
      --tz-utc            SET TIME_ZONE='+00:00' at top of dump to allow dumping of
                          TIMESTAMP data when a server has data in different time
                          zones or data is being moved between servers with
                          different time zones.
                          (Defaults to on; use --skip-tz-utc to disable.)
    
      -v, --verbose       Print info about the various stages.
      -V, --version       Output version information and exit.
      -w, --where=name    Dump only selected records. Quotes are mandatory.
      -X, --xml           Dump a database as well formed XML.
      --plugin-dir=name   Directory for client-side plugins.
      --default-auth=name Default authentication client-side plugin to use.
      --enable-cleartext-plugin 
                          Enable/disable the clear text authentication plugin.
      -M, --network-timeout 
                          Allows huge tables to be dumped by setting
                          max_allowed_packet to maximum value and
                          net_read_timeout/net_write_timeout to large value.
                          (Defaults to on; use --skip-network-timeout to disable.)
      --show-create-table-skip-secondary-engine 
                          Controls whether SECONDARY_ENGINE CREATE TABLE clause
                          should be dumped or not. No effect on older servers that
                          do not support the server side option.
      --compression-algorithms=name 
                          Use compression algorithm in server/client protocol.
                          Valid values are any combination of
                          'zstd','zlib','uncompressed'.
      --zstd-compression-level=# 
                          Use this compression level in the client/server protocol,
                          in case --compression-algorithms=zstd. Valid range is
                          between 1 and 22, inclusive. Default is 3.
    
    
    
    #参数默认值
    Variables (--variable-name=value)
    and boolean options {FALSE|TRUE}        Value (after reading options)
    --------------------------------------- ----------------------------------
    all-databases                           FALSE
    all-tablespaces                         FALSE
    no-tablespaces                          FALSE
    
    add-drop-database                       FALSE      #默认不在创建数据库前删除数据库
    add-drop-table                          TRUE       #默认在创建表前加删除表
    add-drop-trigger                        FALSE      #默认不在触发器前删除触发器
    add-locks                               TRUE       #默认锁表
    
    where                                   (No default value)
    #数据过滤，如 --where="id=1"、--where="name='gtlx'"
    
    allow-keywords                          FALSE
    apply-slave-statements                  FALSE
    bind-address                            (No default value)
    character-sets-dir                      (No default value)
    column-statistics                       TRUE
    comments                                TRUE
    compatible                              (No default value)
    compact                                 FALSE
    complete-insert                         FALSE
    compress                                FALSE
    create-options                          TRUE
    databases                               FALSE
    default-character-set                   utf8mb4
    delete-master-logs                      FALSE
    disable-keys                            TRUE
    dump-slave                              0
    events                                  FALSE
    extended-insert                         TRUE
    fields-terminated-by                    (No default value)
    fields-enclosed-by                      (No default value)
    fields-optionally-enclosed-by           (No default value)
    fields-escaped-by                       (No default value)
    flush-logs                              FALSE
    flush-privileges                        FALSE
    force                                   FALSE
    hex-blob                                FALSE
    host                                    (No default value)
    ignore-error                            (No default value)
    include-master-host-port                FALSE
    insert-ignore                           FALSE
    lines-terminated-by                     (No default value)
    lock-all-tables                         FALSE
    lock-tables                             TRUE
    log-error                               (No default value)
    master-data                             0
    max-allowed-packet                      25165824
    net-buffer-length                       1046528
    no-autocommit                           FALSE
    no-create-db                            FALSE
    no-create-info                          FALSE
    no-data                                 FALSE
    order-by-primary                        FALSE
    port                                    0
    quick                                   TRUE
    quote-names                             TRUE
    replace                                 FALSE
    routines                                FALSE
    set-charset                             TRUE
    single-transaction                      FALSE
    dump-date                               TRUE
    socket                                  (No default value)
    server-public-key-path                  (No default value)
    get-server-public-key                   FALSE
    ssl-ca                                  (No default value)
    ssl-capath                              (No default value)
    ssl-cert                                (No default value)
    ssl-cipher                              (No default value)
    ssl-key                                 (No default value)
    ssl-crl                                 (No default value)
    ssl-crlpath                             (No default value)
    tls-version                             (No default value)
    tls-ciphersuites                        (No default value)
    tab                                     (No default value)
    triggers                                TRUE
    tz-utc                                  TRUE
    user                                    (No default value)
    verbose                                 FALSE
    plugin-dir                              (No default value)
    default-auth                            (No default value)
    enable-cleartext-plugin                 FALSE
    network-timeout                         TRUE
    show-create-table-skip-secondary-engine FALSE
    compression-algorithms                  (No default value)
    zstd-compression-level                  3

### \*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\* ###

**mysqldump 文件格式**

**mysqldump -u root -p --databases test test2 > test.backup：备份数据库test、test2**

root@7a72b2ffd688:/# mysqldump -u root -p --databases test test2 > test.backup
    Enter password: 
    root@7a72b2ffd688:/# cat test.backup
    -- MySQL dump 10.13  Distrib 8.0.25, for Linux (x86_64)
    --
    -- Host: localhost    Database: test
    -- ------------------------------------------------------
    -- Server version	8.0.25
    
    /*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@@CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */;
    /*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@@CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */;
    /*!40101 SET @OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION=@@COLLATION_CONNECTION */;
    /*!50503 SET NAMES utf8mb4 */;
    /*!40103 SET @OLD_TIME_ZONE=@@TIME_ZONE */;
    /*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE='+00:00' */;
    /*!40014 SET @OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS=@@UNIQUE_CHECKS, UNIQUE_CHECKS=0 */;
    /*!40014 SET @OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@@FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS, FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0 */;
    /*!40101 SET @OLD_SQL_MODE=@@SQL_MODE, SQL_MODE='NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO' */;
    /*!40111 SET @OLD_SQL_NOTES=@@SQL_NOTES, SQL_NOTES=0 */;
    
    --
    -- Current Database: `test`
    --
    
    # 数据库test如果不存在，则创建数据库
    CREATE DATABASE /*!32312 IF NOT EXISTS*/ `test` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 */ /*!80016 DEFAULT ENCRYPTION='N' */;
    
    # 使用test数据库
    USE `test`;
    
    --
    -- Table structure for table `test`
    --
    
    # test表如果存在，则删除test表
    DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `test`;
    /*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client     = @@character_set_client */;
    /*!50503 SET character_set_client = utf8mb4 */;
    
    
    # 创建表test
    CREATE TABLE `test` (
      `id` int NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
      `name` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
      PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
    ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=3 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb3;
    /*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;
    
    --
    -- Dumping data for table `test`
    --
    
    # 在表test上加写锁
    LOCK TABLES `test` WRITE;
    /*!40000 ALTER TABLE `test` DISABLE KEYS */;
    
    
    # 插入数据
    INSERT INTO `test` VALUES (1,'瓜田李下'),(2,'瓜田李下 2');
    /*!40000 ALTER TABLE `test` ENABLE KEYS */;
    
    
    # 释放锁
    UNLOCK TABLES;
    
    --
    -- Table structure for table `test2`
    --
    
    # 表test2如果存在，则删除表test2
    DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `test2`;
    /*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client     = @@character_set_client */;
    /*!50503 SET character_set_client = utf8mb4 */;
    
    
    # 创建表test2
    CREATE TABLE `test2` (
      `id` int NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
      `name` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
      PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
    ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=3 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb3;
    /*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;
    
    --
    -- Dumping data for table `test2`
    --
    
    # 表test2上加写锁
    LOCK TABLES `test2` WRITE;
    /*!40000 ALTER TABLE `test2` DISABLE KEYS */;
    
    # 插入数据
    INSERT INTO `test2` VALUES (1,'海贼王'),(2,'火影忍者');
    /*!40000 ALTER TABLE `test2` ENABLE KEYS */;
    
    # 释放写锁
    UNLOCK TABLES;
    
    --
    -- Current Database: `test2`
    --
    
    
    # 数据库test2如果不存在，则创建数据库
    CREATE DATABASE /*!32312 IF NOT EXISTS*/ `test2` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 */ /*!80016 DEFAULT ENCRYPTION='N' */;
    
    # 使用数据库test2
    USE `test2`;
    /*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE=@OLD_TIME_ZONE */;
    
    /*!40101 SET SQL_MODE=@OLD_SQL_MODE */;
    /*!40014 SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS */;
    /*!40014 SET UNIQUE_CHECKS=@OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS */;
    /*!40101 SET CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */;
    /*!40101 SET CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */;
    /*!40101 SET COLLATION_CONNECTION=@OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION */;
    /*!40111 SET SQL_NOTES=@OLD_SQL_NOTES */;
    
    -- Dump completed on 2021-05-28 17:01:29

**mysqldump -u root -p test test test2 > test2.backup：备份数据库test下的表test、test2**

root@7a72b2ffd688:/# mysqldump -u root -p test test test2 > test2.backup
    Enter password: 
    root@7a72b2ffd688:/# cat test2.backup
    -- MySQL dump 10.13  Distrib 8.0.25, for Linux (x86_64)
    --
    -- Host: localhost    Database: test
    -- ------------------------------------------------------
    -- Server version	8.0.25
    
    /*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@@CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */;
    /*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@@CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */;
    /*!40101 SET @OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION=@@COLLATION_CONNECTION */;
    /*!50503 SET NAMES utf8mb4 */;
    /*!40103 SET @OLD_TIME_ZONE=@@TIME_ZONE */;
    /*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE='+00:00' */;
    /*!40014 SET @OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS=@@UNIQUE_CHECKS, UNIQUE_CHECKS=0 */;
    /*!40014 SET @OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@@FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS, FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0 */;
    /*!40101 SET @OLD_SQL_MODE=@@SQL_MODE, SQL_MODE='NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO' */;
    /*!40111 SET @OLD_SQL_NOTES=@@SQL_NOTES, SQL_NOTES=0 */;
    
    --
    -- Table structure for table `test`
    --
    
    # 表test如果存在，则删除表
    DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `test`;
    /*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client     = @@character_set_client */;
    /*!50503 SET character_set_client = utf8mb4 */;
    
    # 创建表test
    CREATE TABLE `test` (
      `id` int NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
      `name` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
      PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
    ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=3 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb3;
    /*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;
    
    --
    -- Dumping data for table `test`
    --
    
    # 表test上加写锁
    LOCK TABLES `test` WRITE;
    /*!40000 ALTER TABLE `test` DISABLE KEYS */;
    
    # 插入数据记录
    INSERT INTO `test` VALUES (1,'瓜田李下'),(2,'瓜田李下 2');
    /*!40000 ALTER TABLE `test` ENABLE KEYS */;
    
    # 释放写锁
    UNLOCK TABLES;
    
    --
    -- Table structure for table `test2`
    --
    
    
    # 表test2如果存在，则删除表
    DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `test2`;
    /*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client     = @@character_set_client */;
    /*!50503 SET character_set_client = utf8mb4 */;
    
    # 创建表test2
    CREATE TABLE `test2` (
      `id` int NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
      `name` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
      PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
    ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=3 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb3;
    /*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;
    
    --
    -- Dumping data for table `test2`
    --
    
    # 表test2上加写锁
    LOCK TABLES `test2` WRITE;
    /*!40000 ALTER TABLE `test2` DISABLE KEYS */;
    
    # 插入数据记录
    INSERT INTO `test2` VALUES (1,'海贼王'),(2,'火影忍者');
    /*!40000 ALTER TABLE `test2` ENABLE KEYS */;
    
    # 释放写锁
    UNLOCK TABLES;
    /*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE=@OLD_TIME_ZONE */;
    
    /*!40101 SET SQL_MODE=@OLD_SQL_MODE */;
    /*!40014 SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS */;
    /*!40014 SET UNIQUE_CHECKS=@OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS */;
    /*!40101 SET CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */;
    /*!40101 SET CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */;
    /*!40101 SET COLLATION_CONNECTION=@OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION */;
    /*!40111 SET SQL_NOTES=@OLD_SQL_NOTES */;
    
    -- Dump completed on 2021-05-28 17:13:26

### \*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\* ###

**主从数据备份：****主从同步只能做增量同步，历史数据需要先做备份**

**锁定主库（备份期间主库只能读，不能写）**

mysql> flush tables with read lock;
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
    
    mysql> insert into test.test(id,name) values(3,"gtlx3");
    ERROR 1223 (HY000): Can't execute the query because you have a conflicting read lock
    #由于在所有表上都加了读锁，插入数据记录报错

**查询主库状态，记录binary log position、filename**

mysql> show master status \G;
    *************************** 1. row ***************************
                 File: binlog.000004
             Position: 2345
         Binlog_Do_DB: 
     Binlog_Ignore_DB: 
    Executed_Gtid_Set: 
    1 row in set (0.00 sec)

**主库导出数据记录**

[root@centos mysql]# ls
    [root@centos mysql]# docker exec -it mysql /usr/bin/mysqldump -u root --password=123456 test > test2.backup
    [root@centos mysql]# ls
    test2.backup
    [root@centos mysql]# cat test2.backup
    mysqldump: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
    -- MySQL dump 10.13  Distrib 8.0.25, for Linux (x86_64)
    --
    -- Host: localhost    Database: test
    -- ------------------------------------------------------
    -- Server version	8.0.25
    
    /*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@@CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */;
    /*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@@CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */;
    /*!40101 SET @OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION=@@COLLATION_CONNECTION */;
    /*!50503 SET NAMES utf8mb4 */;
    /*!40103 SET @OLD_TIME_ZONE=@@TIME_ZONE */;
    /*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE='+00:00' */;
    /*!40014 SET @OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS=@@UNIQUE_CHECKS, UNIQUE_CHECKS=0 */;
    /*!40014 SET @OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@@FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS, FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0 */;
    /*!40101 SET @OLD_SQL_MODE=@@SQL_MODE, SQL_MODE='NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO' */;
    /*!40111 SET @OLD_SQL_NOTES=@@SQL_NOTES, SQL_NOTES=0 */;
    
    --
    -- Table structure for table `test`
    --
    
    DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `test`;
    /*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client     = @@character_set_client */;
    /*!50503 SET character_set_client = utf8mb4 */;
    CREATE TABLE `test` (
      `id` int NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
      `name` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
      PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
    ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=3 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb3;
    /*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;
    
    --
    -- Dumping data for table `test`
    --
    
    LOCK TABLES `test` WRITE;
    /*!40000 ALTER TABLE `test` DISABLE KEYS */;
    INSERT INTO `test` VALUES (1,'瓜田李下'),(2,'瓜田李下 2');
    /*!40000 ALTER TABLE `test` ENABLE KEYS */;
    UNLOCK TABLES;
    
    --
    -- Table structure for table `test2`
    --
    
    DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `test2`;
    /*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client     = @@character_set_client */;
    /*!50503 SET character_set_client = utf8mb4 */;
    CREATE TABLE `test2` (
      `id` int NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
      `name` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
      PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
    ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=3 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb3;
    /*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;
    
    --
    -- Dumping data for table `test2`
    --
    
    LOCK TABLES `test2` WRITE;
    /*!40000 ALTER TABLE `test2` DISABLE KEYS */;
    INSERT INTO `test2` VALUES (1,'海贼王'),(2,'火影忍者');
    /*!40000 ALTER TABLE `test2` ENABLE KEYS */;
    UNLOCK TABLES;
    /*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE=@OLD_TIME_ZONE */;
    
    /*!40101 SET SQL_MODE=@OLD_SQL_MODE */;
    /*!40014 SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS */;
    /*!40014 SET UNIQUE_CHECKS=@OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS */;
    /*!40101 SET CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */;
    /*!40101 SET CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */;
    /*!40101 SET COLLATION_CONNECTION=@OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION */;
    /*!40111 SET SQL_NOTES=@OLD_SQL_NOTES */;
    
    -- Dump completed on 2021-05-28 17:33:23

**从库导入数据记录**

[root@centos mysql]# cat test2.backup | docker exec -i mysql2 /usr/bin/mysql -u root --password=123456 test
    mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
    [root@centos mysql]# cat test2.backup | docker exec -i mysql2 /usr/bin/mysql -u root --password=123456 lihu
    mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
    [root@centos mysql]# cat test2.backup | docker exec -i mysql2 /usr/bin/mysql -u root --password=123456 lihu2
    mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
    ERROR 1049 (42000): Unknown database 'lihu2'

**说明：主从数据库名称可为不同，但需要预先创建，如果不存在会报错**

**主从备份后，可释放主库的写锁**

mysql> unlock tables;
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)