busybox命令

╰半橙微兮° 2022-10-14 10:51 1491阅读 0赞

### 文章目录 ###

*  busybox
 *   *   *  acpid
         *  addgroup
         *  adduser
         *  adjtimex
         *  ar
         *  arp
         *  arping
         *  awk
         *  basename
         *  beep
         *  blkid
         *  brctl
         *  bunzip2
         *  bzcat
         *  bzip2
         *  cal
         *  cat
         *  chat
         *  chattr
         *  chgrp
         *  chmod
         *  chown
         *  chpasswd
         *  chpst
         *  chroot
         *  chrt
         *  chvt
         *  cksum
         *  clear
         *  cmp
         *  comm
         *  cp
         *  cpio
         *  crond
         *  crontab
         *  cryptpw
         *  cut
         *  date
         *  dc
         *  dd
         *  deallocvt
         *  delgroup
         *  deluser
         *  devmem
         *  df
         *  dhcprelay
         *  diff
         *  dirname
         *  dmesg
         *  dnsd
         *  dos2unix
         *  dpkg
         *  du
         *  dumpkmap
         *  dumpleases
         *  echo
         *  ed
         *  env
         *  envdir
         *  envuidgid
         *  expand
         *  expr
         *  fakeidentd
         *  false
         *  fbset
         *  fbsplash
         *  fdflush
         *  fdformat
         *  fdisk
         *  find
         *  findfs
         *  flash\_lock
         *  flash\_unlock
         *  fold
         *  free
         *  fsck
         *  fsck.minix
         *  fsync
         *  ftpd
         *  ftpget
         *  ftpput
         *  fuser
         *  getopt
         *  getty
         *  grep
         *  gunzip
         *  gzip
         *  hd
         *  hdparm
         *  head
         *  hexdump
         *  hostid
         *  hostname
         *  httpd
         *  hwclock
         *  id
         *  ifconfig
         *  ifdown
         *  ifenslave
         *  ifplugd
         *  ifup
         *  inetd
         *  init
         *  inotifyd
         *  insmod
         *  install
         *  ionice
         *  ip
         *  ipaddr
         *  ipcalc
         *  ipcrm
         *  ipcs
         *  iplink
         *  iprule
         *  iptunnel
         *  kbd\_mode
         *  kill
         *  killall
         *  killall5
         *  klogd
         *  last
         *  length
         *  ln
         *  loadfont
         *  loadkmap
         *  logger
         *  login
         *  logname
         *  logread
         *  losetup
         *  lpd
         *  lpq
         *  lpr
         *  ls
         *  lsattr
         *  lsmod
         *  lzmacat
         *  lzop
         *  lzopcat
         *  makemime
         *  man
         *  md5sum
         *  mdev
         *  mesg
         *  microcom
         *  mkdir
         *  mkdosfs
         *  mkfifo
         *  mkfs.minix
         *  mkfs.vfat
         *  mknod
         *  mkpasswd
         *  mkswap
         *  mktemp
         *  modprobe
         *  more
         *  mount
         *  mountpoint
         *  mt
         *  mv
         *  nameif
         *  nc
         *  netstat
         *  nice
         *  nmeter
         *  nohup
         *  nslookup
         *  od
         *  openvt
         *  passwd
         *  patch
         *  pgrep
         *  pidof
         *  ping
         *  ping6
         *  pivot\_root
         *  pkill
         *  popmaildir
         *  printenv
         *  printf
         *  ps
         *  pscan
         *  pwd
         *  raida utorun
         *  rdate
         *  rdev
         *  readlink
         *  readprofile
         *  realpath
         *  reformime
         *  renice
         *  reset
         *  resize
         *  rm
         *  rmdir
         *  rmmod
         *  route
         *  rpm
         *  rpm2cpio
         *  rtcwake
         *  run-parts
         *  runlevel
         *  runsv
         *  runsvdir
         *  rx
         *  script
         *  scriptreplay
         *  sed
         *  sendmail
         *  seq
         *  setarch
         *  setconsole
         *  setfont
         *  setkeycodes
         *  setlogcons
         *  setsid
         *  setuidgid
         *  sha1sum
         *  sha256sum
         *  sha512sum
         *  showkey
         *  slattach
         *  sleep
         *  softlimit
         *  sort
         *  split
         *  start-stop-daemon
         *  stat
         *  strings
         *  stty
         *  su
         *  sulogin
         *  sum
         *  sv
         *  svlogd
         *  swapoff
         *  swapon
         *  switch\_root
         *  sync
         *  sysctl
         *  syslogd
         *  tac
         *  tail
         *  tar
         *  taskset
         *  tcpsvd
         *  tee
         *  telnet
         *  telnetd
         *  test
         *  tftp
         *  tftpd
         *  time
         *  timeout
         *  top
         *  touch
         *  tr
         *  traceroute
         *  true
         *  tty
         *  ttysize
         *  udhcpc
         *  udhcpd
         *  udpsvd
         *  umount
         *  uname
         *  uncompress
         *  unexpand
         *  uniq
         *  unix2dos
         *  unlzma
         *  unlzop
         *  unzip
         *  uptime
         *  usleep
         *  uudecode
         *  uuencode
         *  vconfig
         *  vi
         *  vlock
         *  volname
         *  watch
         *  watchdog
         *  wc
         *  wget
         *  which
         *  who
         *  whoami
         *  xargs
         *  yes
         *  zcat
         *  zcip

# busybox #

### acpid ###

侦听ACPI事件并在事件到达时生成特定的帮助程序  
acpid \[-d\] \[-c CONFDIR\] \[-l LOGFILE\] \[-e PROC\_EVENT\_FILE\] \[EVDEV\_EVENT\_FILE…\]

Options:

-d      不要守护进程并登录到stderr
        -c DIR  Config directory [/etc/acpi]
        -e FILE /proc event file [/proc/acpi/event]
        -l FILE Log file [/var/log/acpid]
        
        接受和忽略兼容性选项-g -m -s -S -v

### addgroup ###

addgroup \[-g GID\] \[user\_name\] group\_name

Add a group or add a user to a group

Options:

-g GID  Group id
        -S      Create a system group

### adduser ###

adduser \[OPTIONS\] user\_name

Add a user

Options:

-h DIR          Home directory
        -g GECOS        GECOS field
        -s SHELL        Login shell
        -G GRP          Add user to existing group
        -S              Create a system user
        -D              Do not assign a password
        -H              Do not create home directory
        -u UID          User id

### adjtimex ###

adjtimex \[-q\] \[-o offset\] \[-f frequency\] \[-p timeconstant\] \[-t tick\]

Read and optionally set system timebase parameters.

读取并可选地设置系统时基参数。

Options:

-q              Quiet
        -o offset       Time offset, microseconds
        -f frequency    Frequency adjust, integer kernel units (65536 is 1ppm)
                        (positive values make clock run faster)
        -t tick         Microseconds per tick, usually 10000
        -p timeconstant

### ar ###

ar \[-o\] \[-v\] \[-p\] \[-t\] \[-x\] ARCHIVE FILES

Extract or list FILES from an ar archive

从ar存档中提取或列出文件

Options:

-o      Preserve original dates
        -p      Extract to stdout
        -t      List
        -x      Extract
        -v      Verbose

### arp ###

arp  
\[-vn\] \[-H type\] \[-i if\] -a \[hostname\]  
\[-v\] \[-i if\] -d hostname \[pub\]  
\[-v\] \[-H type\] \[-i if\] -s hostname hw\_addr \[temp\]  
\[-v\] \[-H type\] \[-i if\] -s hostname hw\_addr \[netmask nm\] pub  
\[-v\] \[-H type\] \[-i if\] -Ds hostname ifa \[netmask nm\] pub  
Manipulate ARP cache

操作ARP缓存

Options:

-a              Display (all) hosts
        -s              Set new ARP entry
        -d              Delete a specified entry
        -v              Verbose
        -n              Don't resolve names
        -i IF           Network interface
        -D              Read <hwaddr> from given device
        -A, -p AF       Protocol family
        -H HWTYPE       Hardware address type

### arping ###

arping \[-fqbDUA\] \[-c count\] \[-w timeout\] \[-I dev\] \[-s sender\] target

Send ARP requests/replies

发送ARP请求/答复

Options:

-f              Quit on first ARP reply 在第一个ARP答复上退出
        -q              Quiet
        -b              Keep broadcasting, don't go unicast
        -D              Duplicated address detection mode
        -U              Unsolicited ARP mode, update your neighbors
        -A              ARP answer mode, update your neighbors
        -c N            Stop after sending N ARP requests
        -w timeout      Time to wait for ARP reply, in seconds
        -I dev          Interface to use (default eth0)
        -s sender       Sender IP address
        target          Target IP address

### awk ###

awk \[OPTIONS\] \[AWK\_PROGRAM\] \[FILE\]…

Options:

-v VAR=VAL      Set variable 设置变量
        -F SEP          Use SEP as field separator 使用SEP作为字段分隔符
        -f FILE         Read program from file 从文件读取程序

### basename ###

basename FILE \[SUFFIX\]

Strip directory path and .SUFFIX from FILE

从FILE中删除目录路径和.SUFFIX

### beep ###

beep -f freq -l length -d delay -r repetitions -n

Options:

-f      Frequency in Hz 以Hz为单位的频率
        -l      Length in ms 以ms为单位的长度
        -d      Delay in ms 以ms为单位的延迟
        -r      Repetitions 重复
        -n      Start new tone 开始新音调

### blkid ###

blkid

Print UUIDs of all filesystems

打印所有文件系统的UUID

### brctl ###

brctl COMMAND \[BRIDGE \[INTERFACE\]\]

Manage ethernet bridges

管理以太网网桥

Commands:

show                    Show a list of bridges
        addbr BRIDGE            Create BRIDGE
        delbr BRIDGE            Delete BRIDGE
        addif BRIDGE IFACE      Add IFACE to BRIDGE
        delif BRIDGE IFACE      Delete IFACE from BRIDGE
        setageing BRIDGE TIME           Set ageing time
        setfd BRIDGE TIME               Set bridge forward delay
        sethello BRIDGE TIME            Set hello time
        setmaxage BRIDGE TIME           Set max message age
        setpathcost BRIDGE COST         Set path cost
        setportprio BRIDGE PRIO         Set port priority
        setbridgeprio BRIDGE PRIO       Set bridge priority
        stp BRIDGE [1|0]                STP on/off

### bunzip2 ###

bunzip2 \[OPTIONS\] \[FILE\]

Uncompress FILE (or standard input if FILE is ‘-’ or omitted)

解压缩文件（如果文件为“-”或省略，则为标准输入）

Options:

-c      Write to standard output 写入标准输出
        -f      Force 强制

### bzcat ###

bzcat FILE

Uncompress to stdout

解压缩到标准输出

### bzip2 ###

bzip2 \[OPTIONS\] \[FILE\]…

Compress FILE(s) with bzip2 algorithm. When FILE is ‘-’ or unspecified, reads standard input. Implies -c.

使用bzip2算法压缩文件。当文件为“-”或未指定时，读取标准输入。意味着-c。

Options:

-c      Write to standard output 写入标准输出
        -d      Decompress 解压缩
        -f      Force 强制
        -1..-9  Compression level 压缩级别

### cal ###

cal \[-jy\] \[\[month\] year\]

Display a calendar

Options:

-j      Use julian dates 使用朱利安日期
        -y      Display the entire year 显示全年

### cat ###

cat \[-u\] \[FILE\]…

Concatenate FILE(s) and print them to stdout

连接文件并将它们打印到标准输出

Options:

-u      Use unbuffered i/o (ignored) 使用无缓冲的I/O（忽略）

catv  
catv \[-etv\] \[FILE\]…

Display nonprinting characters as ^x or M-x

将非打印字符显示为^x或M-x

Options:

-e      End each line with $ 以$结尾
        -t      Show tabs as ^I 结尾每行-t将选项卡显示为^I 
        -v      Don't use ^x or M-x escapes 不要使用^x或Mx转义符

### chat ###

chat EXPECT \[SEND \[EXPECT \[SEND…\]\]\]

Useful for interacting with a modem connected to stdin/stdout. A script consists of one or more “expect-send” pairs of strings, each pair is a pair of arguments. Example: chat ‘’ ATZ OK ATD123456 CONNECT ‘’ ogin: pppuser word: ppppass ‘~’

### chattr ###

chattr \[-R\] \[-+=AacDdijsStTu\] \[-v version\] files…

Change file attributes on an ext2 fs

更改ext2 fs上的文件属性

Modifiers:

-       Remove attributes
        +       Add attributes
        =       Set attributes

Attributes:  
A Don’t track atime  
a Append mode only  
c Enable compress  
D Write dir contents synchronously  
d Do not backup with dump  
i Cannot be modified (immutable)  
j Write all data to journal first  
s Zero disk storage when deleted  
S Write file contents synchronously  
t Disable tail-merging of partial blocks with other files  
u Allow file to be undeleted  
Options:  
\-R Recursively list subdirectories  
\-v Set the file’s version/generation number

### chgrp ###

chgrp \[-RhLHPcvf\] … GROUP FILE…

Change the group membership of each FILE to GROUP

将每个文件的组成员身份更改为GROUP

Options:

-R      Recurse 递归 
        -h      Affect symlinks instead of symlink targets 影响符号链接，而不是符号链接目标
        -L      Traverse all symlinks to directories 遍历目录的所有符号链接
        -H      Traverse symlinks on command line only 仅在命令行中遍历符号链接
        -P      Do not traverse symlinks (default) 不遍历符号链接（默认）
        -c      List changed files 列出更改的文件 
        -v      Verbose 详细
        -f      Hide errors

### chmod ###

chmod \[-Rcvf\] MODE\[,MODE\]… FILE…

Each MODE is one or more of the letters ugoa, one of the symbols ±= and one or more of the letters rwxst

每个MODE是一个或多个字母 ugoa，一个符号±=和一个或多个字母rwxst

Options:

-R      Recurse 递归
        -c      List changed files 列出更改的文件
        -v      List all files 列出所有文件
        -f      Hide errors 隐藏错误

### chown ###

chown \[-RhLHPcvf\]… OWNER\[<.|:>\[GROUP\]\] FILE…

Change the owner and/or group of each FILE to OWNER and/or GROUP

将每个文件的所有者和/或组更改为OWNER和/或GROUP

Options:

-R      Recurse 递归
        -h      Affect symlinks instead of symlink targets
        -L      Traverse all symlinks to directories
        -H      Traverse symlinks on command line only
        -P      Do not traverse symlinks (default)
        -c      List changed files
        -v      List all files
        -f      Hide errors

### chpasswd ###

chpasswd \[–md5|–encrypted\]

Read user:password from stdin and update /etc/passwd

从stdin读取user：password并更新 /etc/passwd

Options:

-e,--encrypted  Supplied passwords are in encrypted form 加密的提供的密码采用加密形式
        -m,--md5        Use MD5 encryption instead of DES md5使用MD5加密而不是DES

### chpst ###

chpst \[-vP012\] \[-u USER\[:GRP\]\] \[-U USER\[:GRP\]\] \[-e DIR\]  
\[-/ DIR\] \[-n NICE\] \[-m BYTES\] \[-d BYTES\] \[-o N\]  
\[-p N\] \[-f BYTES\] \[-c BYTES\] PROG ARGS  
Change the process state and run PROG

更改过程状态并运行PROG

Options:

-u USER[:GRP]   Set uid and gid
        -U USER[:GRP]   Set $UID and $GID in environment
        -e DIR          Set environment variables as specified by files
                        in DIR: file=1st_line_of_file
        -/ DIR          Chroot to DIR
        -n NICE         Add NICE to nice value
        -m BYTES        Same as -d BYTES -s BYTES -l BYTES
        -d BYTES        Limit data segment
        -o N            Limit number of open files per process
        -p N            Limit number of processes per uid
        -f BYTES        Limit output file sizes
        -c BYTES        Limit core file size
        -v              Verbose
        -P              Create new process group
        -0              Close standard input
        -1              Close standard output
        -2              Close standard error

### chroot ###

chroot NEWROOT \[PROG \[ARGS\]\]

Run PROG with root directory set to NEWROOT

### chrt ###

chrt \[OPTIONS\] \[PRIO\] \[PID | PROG \[ARGS\]\]

Manipulate real-time attributes of a process

操作流程的实时属性

Options:

-p      Operate on pid
        -r      Set scheduling policy to SCHED_RR
        -f      Set scheduling policy to SCHED_FIFO
        -o      Set scheduling policy to SCHED_OTHER
        -m      Show min and max priorities

### chvt ###

chvt N

Change the foreground virtual terminal to /dev/ttyN

将前台虚拟终端更改为/ dev / ttyN

### cksum ###

cksum FILES…

Calculate the CRC32 checksums of FILES

### clear ###

clear

Clear screen

### cmp ###

cmp \[-l\] \[-s\] FILE1 \[FILE2 \[SKIP1 \[SKIP2\]\]\]

Compares FILE1 vs stdin if FILE2 is not specified

Options:

-l      Write the byte numbers (decimal) and values (octal)
                for all differing bytes
        -s      Quiet

### comm ###

comm \[-123\] FILE1 FILE2

Compare FILE1 to FILE2, or to stdin if - is specified

Options:

-1      Suppress lines unique to FILE1
        -2      Suppress lines unique to FILE2
        -3      Suppress lines common to both files

### cp ###

cp \[OPTIONS\] SOURCE DEST

Copy SOURCE to DEST, or multiple SOURCE(s) to DIRECTORY

将SOURCE复制到DEST，或将多个SOURCE复制到DIRECTORY

Options:

-a      Same as -dpR
        -d,-P   Preserve links 保留链接
        -H,-L   Dereference all symlinks (default) 取消引用所有符号链接（默认）
        -p      Preserve file attributes if possible 尽可能保留文件属性
        -f      Force overwrite 强制覆盖
        -i      Prompt before overwrite 覆盖前提示
        -R,-r   Recurse 递归
        -l,-s   Create (sym)links 创建（符号）链接

### cpio ###

cpio -\[tiopdmvu\] \[-F FILE\] \[-H newc\]

Extract or list files from a cpio archive, or create a cpio archive Main operation mode:

从cpio归档文件中提取或列出文件，或创建cpio归档文件主要操作模式：

-t      List
        -i      Extract
        -o      Create
        -p      Passthrough

Options:  
\-d Make leading directories  
\-m Preserve mtime  
\-v Verbose  
\-u Overwrite  
\-F Input file  
\-H Define format

### crond ###

crond -fbS -l N -d N -L LOGFILE -c DIR

-f      Foreground
        -b      Background (default)
        -S      Log to syslog (default)
        -l      Set log level. 0 is the most verbose, default 8
        -d      Set log level, log to stderr
        -L      Log to file
        -c      Working dir

### crontab ###

crontab \[-c DIR\] \[-u USER\] \[-ler\]|\[FILE\]

-c      Crontab directory
        -u      User
        -l      List crontab
        -e      Edit crontab
        -r      Delete crontab
        FILE    Replace crontab by FILE ('-': stdin)

### cryptpw ###

cryptpw \[OPTIONS\] \[PASSWORD\] \[SALT\]

Crypt the PASSWORD using crypt(3)

Options:

-P,--password-fd=NUM    Read password from fd NUM
        -m,--method=TYPE        Encryption method TYPE
        -S,--salt=SALT

### cut ###

cut \[OPTIONS\] \[FILE\]…

Print selected fields from each input FILE to standard output

将每个输入文件中的选定字段打印到标准输出

Options:

-b LIST Output only bytes from LIST
        -c LIST Output only characters from LIST
        -d CHAR Use CHAR instead of tab as the field delimiter
        -s      Output only the lines containing delimiter
        -f N    Print only these fields
        -n      Ignored

### date ###

date \[OPTIONS\] \[+FMT\] \[TIME\]

Display time (using +FMT), or set time

显示时间（使用+ FMT）或设置时间

Options:

[-s] TIME       Set time to TIME
        -u              Work in UTC (don't convert to local time)
        -R              Output RFC-822 compliant date string
        -I[SPEC]        Output ISO-8601 compliant date string
                        SPEC='date' (default) for date only,
                        'hours', 'minutes', or 'seconds' for date and
                        time to the indicated precision
        -r FILE         Display last modification time of FILE
        -d TIME         Display TIME, not 'now'
        -D FMT          Use FMT for -d TIME conversion

Recognized TIME formats:

hh:mm[:ss]
        [YYYY.]MM.DD-hh:mm[:ss]
        YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm[:ss]
        [[[[[YY]YY]MM]DD]hh]mm[.ss]

### dc ###

dc expression…

Tiny RPN calculator. Operations: +, add, -, sub, \*, mul, /, div, %, mod, \*\*, exp, and, or, not, eor, p - print top of the stack (without altering the stack), f - print entire stack, o - pop the value and set output radix (value must be 10 or 16). Examples: ‘dc 2 2 add’ -> 4, ‘dc 8 8 \* 2 2 + /’ -> 16.

### dd ###

dd \[if=FILE\] \[of=FILE\] \[ibs=N\] \[obs=N\] \[bs=N\] \[count=N\] \[skip=N\]  
\[seek=N\] \[conv=notrunc|noerror|sync|fsync\]  
Copy a file with converting and formatting

Options:

if=FILE         Read from FILE instead of stdin
        of=FILE         Write to FILE instead of stdout
        bs=N            Read and write N bytes at a time
        ibs=N           Read N bytes at a time
        obs=N           Write N bytes at a time
        count=N         Copy only N input blocks
        skip=N          Skip N input blocks
        seek=N          Skip N output blocks
        conv=notrunc    Don't truncate output file
        conv=noerror    Continue after read errors
        conv=sync       Pad blocks with zeros
        conv=fsync      Physically write data out before finishing

Numbers may be suffixed by c (x1), w (x2), b (x512), kD (x1000), k (x1024), MD (x1000000), M (x1048576), GD (x1000000000) or G (x1073741824)

### deallocvt ###

deallocvt \[N\]

Deallocate unused virtual terminal /dev/ttyN

### delgroup ###

delgroup \[USER\] GROUP

Delete group GROUP from the system or user USER from group GROUP

### deluser ###

deluser USER

删除用户

Delete USER from the system

### devmem ###

devmem ADDRESS \[WIDTH \[VALUE\]\]

Read/write from physical address

ADDRESS Address to act upon
        WIDTH   Width (8/16/...)
        VALUE   Data to be written

### df ###

df \[-Pkmhai\] \[-B SIZE\] \[FILESYSTEM…\]

Print filesystem usage statistics

打印文件系统使用情况统计

Options:

-P      POSIX output format POSIX输出格式
        -k      1024-byte blocks (default) 1024字节块（默认）
        -m      1M-byte blocks 1M字节块
        -h      Human readable (e.g. 1K 243M 2G)
        -a      Show all filesystems
        -i      Inodes 索引节点
        -B 		SIZE Blocksize SIZE块大小

### dhcprelay ###

dhcprelay CLIENT\_IFACE\[,CLIENT\_IFACE2…\] SERVER\_IFACE \[SERVER\_IP\]

Relay DHCP requests between clients and server

在客户端和服务器之间中继DHCP请求

### diff ###

diff \[-abdiNqrTstw\] \[-L LABEL\] \[-S FILE\] \[-U LINES\] FILE1 FILE2

Compare files line by line and output the differences between them. This implementation supports unified diffs only.

逐行比较文件并输出它们之间的差异。此实现仅支持统一差异。

Options:

-a      Treat all files as text
        -b      Ignore changes in the amount of whitespace
        -d      Try hard to find a smaller set of changes
        -i      Ignore case differences
        -L      Use LABEL instead of the filename in the unified header
        -N      Treat absent files as empty
        -q      Output only whether files differ
        -r      Recursively compare subdirectories
        -S      Start with FILE when comparing directories
        -T      Make tabs line up by prefixing a tab when necessary
        -s      Report when two files are the same
        -t      Expand tabs to spaces in output
        -U      Output LINES lines of context
        -w      Ignore all whitespace

### dirname ###

dirname FILENAME

Strip non-directory suffix from FILENAME

### dmesg ###

dmesg \[-c\] \[-n LEVEL\] \[-s SIZE\]

Print or control the kernel ring buffer

Options:

-c              Clear ring buffer after printing
        -n LEVEL        Set console logging level
        -s SIZE         Buffer size

### dnsd ###

dnsd \[-c config\] \[-t seconds\] \[-p port\] \[-i iface-ip\] \[-d\]

Small static DNS server daemon

Options:

-c      Config filename
        -t      TTL in seconds
        -p      Listening port
        -i      Listening ip (default all)
        -d      Daemonize

### dos2unix ###

dos2unix \[OPTION\] \[FILE\]

Convert FILE in-place from DOS to Unix format. When no file is given, use stdin/stdout.

从DOS就地将FILE转换为Unix格式。如果未提供任何文件，请使用stdin / stdout。

Options:

-u      dos2unix
        -d      unix2dos

### dpkg ###

dpkg \[-ilCPru\] \[-F option\] package\_name

Install, remove and manage Debian packages

安装，删除和管理Debian软件包

Options:

-i              Install the package
        -l              List of installed packages
        -C              Configure an unpackaged package
        -F depends      Ignore dependency problems
        -P              Purge all files of a package
        -r              Remove all but the configuration files for a package
        -u              Unpack a package, but don't configure it

### du ###

du \[-aHLdclsxhmk\] \[FILE\]…

Summarize disk space used for each FILE and/or directory. Disk space is printed in units of 1024 bytes.

汇总用于每个FILE和/或目录的磁盘空间。磁盘空间以1024字节为单位打印。

Options:

-a      Show file sizes too
        -H      Follow symlinks on command line
        -L      Follow all symlinks
        -d N    Limit output to directories (and files with -a) of depth < N
        -c      Show grand total
        -l      Count sizes many times if hard linked
        -s      Display only a total for each argument
        -x      Skip directories on different filesystems
        -h      Sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K 243M 2G )
        -m      Sizes in megabytes
        -k      Sizes in kilobytes (default)

### dumpkmap ###

dumpkmap > keymap

Print a binary keyboard translation table to standard output

### dumpleases ###

dumpleases \[-r|-a\] \[-f LEASEFILE\]

Display DHCP leases granted by udhcpd

显示udhcpd授予的DHCP租约

Options:

-f,--file=FILE  Leases file to load
        -r,--remaining  Interpret lease times as time remaining
        -a,--absolute   Interpret lease times as expire time

### echo ###

echo \[-neE\] \[ARG…\]

Print the specified ARGs to stdout

将指定的ARG打印到stdout

Options:

-n      Suppress trailing newline
        -e      Interpret backslash-escaped characters (i.e., \t=tab)
        -E      Disable interpretation of backslash-escaped characters

### ed ###

eject  
eject \[-t\] \[-T\] \[DEVICE\]

Eject specified DEVICE (or default /dev/cdrom)

Options:

-s      SCSI device
        -t      Close tray
        -T      Open/close tray (toggle)

### env ###

env \[-iu\] \[-\] \[name=value\]… \[PROG \[ARGS\]\]

Print the current environment or run PROG after setting up the specified environment

设置指定环境后，打印当前环境或运行PROG

Options:

-, -i   Start with an empty environment
        -u      Remove variable from the environment

### envdir ###

envdir dir prog args

Set various environment variables as specified by files in the directory dir and run PROG

### envuidgid ###

envuidgid account prog args

Set $UID to account’s uid and $GID to account’s gid and run PROG

### expand ###

expand \[-i\] \[-t NUM\] \[FILE|-\]

Convert tabs to spaces, writing to standard output

Options:

-i,--initial    Do not convert tabs after non blanks
        -t,--tabs=N     Tabstops every N chars

### expr ###

expr EXPRESSION

Print the value of EXPRESSION to standard output

EXPRESSION may be:

ARG1 | ARG2     ARG1 if it is neither null nor 0, otherwise ARG2
        ARG1 & ARG2     ARG1 if neither argument is null or 0, otherwise 0
        ARG1 < ARG2     1 if ARG1 is less than ARG2, else 0. Similarly:
        ARG1 <= ARG2
        ARG1 = ARG2
        ARG1 != ARG2
        ARG1 >= ARG2
        ARG1 > ARG2
        ARG1 + ARG2     Sum of ARG1 and ARG2. Similarly:
        ARG1 - ARG2
        ARG1 * ARG2
        ARG1 / ARG2
        ARG1 % ARG2
        STRING : REGEXP         Anchored pattern match of REGEXP in STRING
        match STRING REGEXP     Same as STRING : REGEXP
        substr STRING POS LENGTH Substring of STRING, POS counted from 1
        index STRING CHARS      Index in STRING where any CHARS is found, or 0
        length STRING           Length of STRING
        quote TOKEN             Interpret TOKEN as a string, even if
                                it is a keyword like 'match' or an
                                operator like '/'
        (EXPRESSION)            Value of EXPRESSION

Beware that many operators need to be escaped or quoted for shells. Comparisons are arithmetic if both ARGs are numbers, else lexicographical. Pattern matches return the string matched between ( and ) or null; if ( and ) are not used, they return the number of characters matched or 0.

### fakeidentd ###

fakeidentd \[-fiw\] \[-b ADDR\] \[STRING\]

Provide fake ident (auth) service

Options:

-f      Run in foreground
        -i      Inetd mode
        -w      Inetd 'wait' mode
        -b ADDR Bind to specified address
        STRING  Ident answer string (default: nobody)

### false ###

false

Return an exit code of FALSE (1)

### fbset ###

fbset \[OPTIONS\] \[MODE\]

Show and modify frame buffer settings

### fbsplash ###

fbsplash -s IMGFILE \[-c\] \[-d DEV\] \[-i INIFILE\] \[-f CMD\]

Options:

-s      Image
        -c      Hide cursor
        -d      Framebuffer device (default /dev/fb0)
        -i      Config file (var=value):
                        BAR_LEFT,BAR_TOP,BAR_WIDTH,BAR_HEIGHT
                        BAR_R,BAR_G,BAR_B
        -f      Control pipe (else exit after drawing image)
                        commands: 'NN' (% for progress bar) or 'exit'

### fdflush ###

fdflush DEVICE

Force floppy disk drive to detect disk change

### fdformat ###

fdformat \[-n\] DEVICE

Format floppy disk

Options:

-n      Don't verify after format

### fdisk ###

fdisk \[-ul\] \[-C CYLINDERS\] \[-H HEADS\] \[-S SECTORS\] \[-b SSZ\] DISK

Change partition table

更改分区表

Options:

-u              Start and End are in sectors (instead of cylinders)
        -l              Show partition table for each DISK, then exit
        -b 2048         (for certain MO disks) use 2048-byte sectors
        -C CYLINDERS    Set number of cylinders/heads/sectors
        -H HEADS
        -S SECTORS

### find ###

find \[PATH…\] \[EXPRESSION\]

Search for files. The default PATH is the current directory, default EXPRESSION is ‘-print’

搜索文件。默认的PATH是当前目录，默认的EXPRESSION是’-print’ 。

EXPRESSION may consist of:

-follow         Dereference symlinks
        -xdev           Don't descend directories on other filesystems
        -maxdepth N     Descend at most N levels. -maxdepth 0 applies
                        tests/actions to command line arguments only
        -mindepth N     Do not act on first N levels
        -name PATTERN   File name (w/o directory name) matches PATTERN
        -iname PATTERN  Case insensitive -name
        -path PATTERN   Path matches PATTERN
        -regex PATTERN  Path matches regex PATTERN
        -type X         File type is X (X is one of: f,d,l,b,c,...)
        -perm NNN       Permissions match any of (+NNN), all of (-NNN),
                        or exactly (NNN)
        -mtime DAYS     Modified time is greater than (+N), less than (-N),
                        or exactly (N) days
        -mmin MINS      Modified time is greater than (+N), less than (-N),
                        or exactly (N) minutes
        -newer FILE     Modified time is more recent than FILE's
        -inum N         File has inode number N
        -user NAME      File is owned by user NAME (numeric user ID allowed)
        -group NAME     File belongs to group NAME (numeric group ID allowed)
        -depth          Process directory name after traversing it
        -size N[bck]    File size is N (c:bytes,k:kbytes,b:512 bytes(def.)).
                        +/-N: file size is bigger/smaller than N
        -print          Print (default and assumed)
        -print0         Delimit output with null characters rather than
                        newlines
        -exec CMD ARG ; Run CMD with all instances of {} replaced by the
                        matching files
        -prune          Stop traversing current subtree
        -delete         Delete files, turns on -depth option
        (EXPR)          Group an expression

### findfs ###

findfs LABEL=label or UUID=uuid

Find a filesystem device based on a label or UUID

### flash\_lock ###

flash\_lock MTD\_DEVICE OFFSET SECTORS

Lock part or all of an MTD device. If SECTORS is -1, then all sectors will be locked, regardless of the value of OFFSET

### flash\_unlock ###

flash\_unlock MTD\_DEVICE

Unlock an MTD device

### fold ###

fold \[-bs\] \[-w WIDTH\] \[FILE\]

Wrap input lines in each FILE (standard input by default), writing to standard output

Options:

-b      Count bytes rather than columns
        -s      Break at spaces
        -w      Use WIDTH columns instead of 80

### free ###

free

Display the amount of free and used system memory

显示可用和已用的系统内存量

freeramdisk  
freeramdisk DEVICE

Free all memory used by the specified ramdisk

### fsck ###

fsck \[-ANPRTV\] \[-C fd\] \[-t fstype\] \[fs-options\] \[filesys…\]

Check and repair filesystems

Options:

-A      Walk /etc/fstab and check all filesystems
        -N      Don't execute, just show what would be done
        -P      With -A, check filesystems in parallel
        -R      With -A, skip the root filesystem
        -T      Don't show title on startup
        -V      Verbose
        -C n    Write status information to specified filedescriptor
        -t type List of filesystem types to check

### fsck.minix ###

fsck.minix \[-larvsmf\] /dev/name

Check MINIX filesystem

Options:

-l      List all filenames
        -r      Perform interactive repairs
        -a      Perform automatic repairs
        -v      Verbose
        -s      Output superblock information
        -m      Show "mode not cleared" warnings
        -f      Force file system check

### fsync ###

fsync \[OPTIONS\] FILE…Write files’ buffered blocks to disk

Options:

-d      Avoid syncing metadata

### ftpd ###

ftpd \[-wvS\] \[-t N\] \[-T N\] \[DIR\]

Anonymous FTP server

匿名FTP服务器

ftpd should be used as an inetd service. ftpd’s line for inetd.conf: 21 stream tcp nowait root ftpd ftpd /files/to/serve It also can be ran from tcpsvd:

tcpsvd -vE 0.0.0.0 21 ftpd /files/to/serve

Options:

-w      Allow upload
        -v      Log to stderr
        -S      Log to syslog
        -t,-T   Idle and absolute timeouts
        DIR     Change root to this directory

### ftpget ###

ftpget \[OPTIONS\] HOST LOCAL\_FILE REMOTE\_FILE

Retrieve a remote file via FTP

通过FTP检索远程文件

Options:

-c,--continue   Continue previous transfer
        -v,--verbose    Verbose
        -u,--username   Username
        -p,--password   Password
        -P,--port       Port number

### ftpput ###

ftpput \[OPTIONS\] HOST REMOTE\_FILE LOCAL\_FILE

Store a local file on a remote machine via FTP

通过FTP将本地文件存储在远程计算机上

Options:

-v,--verbose    Verbose
        -u,--username   Username
        -p,--password   Password
        -P,--port       Port number

### fuser ###

fuser \[OPTIONS\] FILE or PORT/PROTO

Find processes which use FILEs or PORTs

查找使用FILE或PORT的进程

Options:

-m      Find processes which use same fs as FILEs
        -4      Search only IPv4 space
        -6      Search only IPv6 space
        -s      Silent: just exit with 0 if any processes are found
        -k      Kill found processes (otherwise display PIDs)
        -SIGNAL Signal to send (default: TERM)

### getopt ###

getopt \[OPTIONS\]

Options:

-a,--alternative                Allow long options starting with single -
        -l,--longoptions=longopts       Long options to be recognized
        -n,--name=progname              The name under which errors are reported
        -o,--options=optstring          Short options to be recognized
        -q,--quiet                      Disable error reporting by getopt(3)
        -Q,--quiet-output               No normal output
        -s,--shell=shell                Set shell quoting conventions
        -T,--test                       Test for getopt(1) version
        -u,--unquoted                   Don't quote the output

### getty ###

getty \[OPTIONS\] BAUD\_RATE TTY \[TERMTYPE\]

Open a tty, prompt for a login name, then invoke /bin/login

Options:

-h              Enable hardware (RTS/CTS) flow control
        -i              Do not display /etc/issue before running login
        -L              Local line, do not do carrier detect
        -m              Get baud rate from modem's CONNECT status message
        -w              Wait for a CR or LF before sending /etc/issue
        -n              Do not prompt the user for a login name
        -f ISSUE_FILE   Display ISSUE_FILE instead of /etc/issue
        -l LOGIN        Invoke LOGIN instead of /bin/login
        -t SEC          Terminate after SEC if no username is read
        -I INITSTR      Send INITSTR before anything else
        -H HOST         Log HOST into the utmp file as the hostname

### grep ###

grep \[-HhrilLnqvsoweFEABCz\] PATTERN \[FILE\]…

Search for PATTERN in each FILE or standard input

在每个FILE或标准输入中搜索PATTERN

Options:

-H      Prefix output lines with filename where match was found 在找到匹配
            的文件名之前对输出行进行前缀
        -h      Suppress the prefixing filename on output 抑制输出中的前缀文件名
        -r      Recurse 递归
        -i      Ignore case distinctions 忽略大小写区别
        -l      List names of files that match 列出匹配
        -L      List names of files that do not match 列出不匹配的文件名
        -n      Print line number with output lines 打印行号与输出线
        -q      Quiet. Return 0 if PATTERN is found, 1 otherwise 安静。如果找到PATTERN，则返回0，否则返回1 
        -v      Select non-matching lines
        -s      Suppress file open/read error messages
        -c      Only print count of matching lines
        -o      Show only the part of a line that matches PATTERN
        -m 		MAX  Match up to MAX times per file
        -w      Match whole words only
        -F      PATTERN is a set of newline-separated strings
        -E      PATTERN is an extended regular expression PATTERN是扩展的正则表达式
        -e 		PTRN Pattern to match
        -f 		FILE Read pattern from file
        -A      Print NUM lines of trailing context
        -B      Print NUM lines of leading context
        -C      Print NUM lines of output context
        -z      Input is NUL terminated

### gunzip ###

gunzip \[OPTIONS\] \[FILE\]…

Uncompress FILEs (or standard input)

解压缩文件（或标准输入）

Options:

-c      Write to standard output
        -f      Force
        -t      Test file integrity

### gzip ###

gzip \[OPTIONS\] \[FILE\]…

Compress FILEs (or standard input)

压缩文件（或标准输入）

Options:

-c      Write to standard output
        -d      Decompress
        -f      Force

### hd ###

hd FILE…

hd is an alias for hexdump -C

### hdparm ###

hdparm \[OPTIONS\] \[DEVICE\]

Options:

-a      Get/set fs readahead
        -A      Set drive read-lookahead flag (0/1)
        -b      Get/set bus state (0 == off, 1 == on, 2 == tristate)
        -B      Set Advanced Power Management setting (1-255)
        -c      Get/set IDE 32-bit IO setting
        -C      Check IDE power mode status
        -d      Get/set using_dma flag
        -D      Enable/disable drive defect-mgmt
        -f      Flush buffer cache for device on exit
        -g      Display drive geometry
        -h      Display terse usage information
        -i      Display drive identification
        -I      Detailed/current information directly from drive
        -k      Get/set keep_settings_over_reset flag (0/1)
        -K      Set drive keep_features_over_reset flag (0/1)
        -L      Set drive doorlock (0/1) (removable harddisks only)
        -m      Get/set multiple sector count
        -n      Get/set ignore-write-errors flag (0/1)
        -p      Set PIO mode on IDE interface chipset (0,1,2,3,4,...)
        -P      Set drive prefetch count
        -Q      Get/set DMA tagged-queuing depth (if supported)
        -r      Get/set readonly flag (DANGEROUS to set)
        -R      Register an IDE interface (DANGEROUS)
        -S      Set standby (spindown) timeout
        -t      Perform device read timings
        -T      Perform cache read timings
        -u      Get/set unmaskirq flag (0/1)
        -U      Un-register an IDE interface (DANGEROUS)
        -v      Defaults; same as -mcudkrag for IDE drives
        -V      Display program version and exit immediately
        -w      Perform device reset (DANGEROUS)
        -W      Set drive write-caching flag (0/1) (DANGEROUS)
        -x      Tristate device for hotswap (0/1) (DANGEROUS)
        -X      Set IDE xfer mode (DANGEROUS)
        -y      Put IDE drive in standby mode
        -Y      Put IDE drive to sleep
        -Z      Disable Seagate auto-powersaving mode
        -z      Re-read partition table

### head ###

head \[OPTIONS\] \[FILE\]…

Print first 10 lines of each FILE to standard output. With more than one FILE, precede each with a header giving the file name. With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.

Options:

-n NUM  Print first NUM lines instead of first 10
        -c NUM  Output the first NUM bytes
        -q      Never output headers giving file names
        -v      Always output headers giving file names

### hexdump ###

hexdump \[-bcCdefnosvxR\] FILE…

Display file(s) or standard input in a user specified format

Options:

-b              One-byte octal display
        -c              One-byte character display
        -C              Canonical hex+ASCII, 16 bytes per line
        -d              Two-byte decimal display
        -e FORMAT STRING
        -f FORMAT FILE
        -n LENGTH       Interpret only LENGTH bytes of input
        -o              Two-byte octal display
        -s OFFSET       Skip OFFSET bytes
        -v              Display all input data
        -x              Two-byte hexadecimal display
        -R              Reverse of 'hexdump -Cv'

### hostid ###

hostid

Print out a unique 32-bit identifier for the machine

### hostname ###

hostname \[OPTIONS\] \[HOSTNAME | -F FILE\]

Get or set hostname or DNS domain name

Options:

-s      Short
        -i      Addresses for the hostname
        -d      DNS domain name
        -f      Fully qualified domain name
        -F FILE Use FILE's content as hostname

### httpd ###

httpd \[-ifv\[v\]\] \[-c CONFFILE\] \[-p \[IP:\]PORT\] \[-u USER\[:GRP\]\] \[-r REALM\] \[-h HOME\] or httpd -d/-e/-m STRING

Listen for incoming HTTP requests

Options:

-i              Inetd mode
        -f              Do not daemonize
        -v[v]           Verbose
        -c FILE         Configuration file (default httpd.conf)
        -p [IP:]PORT    Bind to ip:port (default *:80)
        -u USER[:GRP]   Set uid/gid after binding to port
        -r REALM        Authentication Realm for Basic Authentication
        -h HOME         Home directory (default .)
        -m STRING       MD5 crypt STRING
        -e STRING       HTML encode STRING
        -d STRING       URL decode STRING

### hwclock ###

Query and set hardware clock (RTC)

Options:

-r      Show hardware clock time
        -s      Set system time from hardware clock
        -w      Set hardware clock to system time
        -u      Hardware clock is in UTC
        -l      Hardware clock is in local time
        -f FILE Use specified device (e.g. /dev/rtc2)

### id ###

id \[OPTIONS\] \[USER\]

Print information about USER or the current user

Options:

-u      Print user ID
        -g      Print group ID
        -G      Print supplementary group IDs
        -n      Print name instead of a number
        -r      Print real user ID instead of effective ID

### ifconfig ###

ifconfig \[-a\] interface \[address\]

Configure a network interface

Options:

[add ADDRESS[/PREFIXLEN]]
        [del ADDRESS[/PREFIXLEN]]
        [[-]broadcast [ADDRESS]] [[-]pointopoint [ADDRESS]]
        [netmask ADDRESS] [dstaddr ADDRESS]
        [outfill NN] [keepalive NN]
        [hw ether|infiniband ADDRESS] [metric NN] [mtu NN]
        [[-]trailers] [[-]arp] [[-]allmulti]
        [multicast] [[-]promisc] [txqueuelen NN] [[-]dynamic]
        [mem_start NN] [io_addr NN] [irq NN]
        [up|down] ...

### ifdown ###

ifdown \[-ainmvf\] ifaces…

Options:

-a      De/configure all interfaces automatically
        -i FILE Use FILE for interface definitions
        -n      Print out what would happen, but don't do it
                (note: doesn't disable mappings)
        -m      Don't run any mappings
        -v      Print out what would happen before doing it
        -f      Force de/configuration

### ifenslave ###

ifenslave \[-cdf\] master-iface <slave-iface…>

Configure network interfaces for parallel routing

Options:

-c, --change-active     Change active slave
        -d, --detach            Remove slave interface from bonding device
        -f, --force             Force, even if interface is not Ethernet

### ifplugd ###

ifplugd \[OPTIONS\]

Network interface plug detection daemon

Options:

-n              Do not daemonize
        -s              Do not log to syslog
        -i IFACE        Interface
        -f/-F           Treat link detection error as link down/link up
                        (otherwise exit on error)
        -a              Do not up interface automatically
        -M              Monitor creation/destruction of interface
                        (otherwise it must exist)
        -r PROG         Script to run
        -x ARG          Extra argument for script
        -I              Don't exit on nonzero exit code from script
        -p              Don't run script on daemon startup
        -q              Don't run script on daemon quit
        -l              Run script on startup even if no cable is detected
        -t SECS         Poll time in seconds
        -u SECS         Delay before running script after link up
        -d SECS         Delay after link down
        -m MODE         API mode (mii, priv, ethtool, wlan, auto)
        -k              Kill running daemon

### ifup ###

ifup \[-ainmvf\] ifaces…

Options:

### inetd ###

inetd \[-fe\] \[-q N\] \[-R N\] \[CONFFILE\]

Listen for network connections and launch programs

Options:

-f      Run in foreground
        -e      Log to stderr
        -q N    Socket listen queue (default: 128)
        -R N    Pause services after N connects/min
                (default: 0 - disabled)

### init ###

init

Init is the parent of all processes

### inotifyd ###

inotifyd PROG FILE1\[:MASK\] …

Run PROG on filesystem changes. When a filesystem event matching MASK occurs on FILEn, PROG <actual\_event(s)> \[<subfile\_name>\] is run. Events:

a       File is accessed
        c       File is modified
        e       Metadata changed
        w       Writable file is closed
        0       Unwritable file is closed
        r       File is opened
        D       File is deleted
        M       File is moved
        u       Backing fs is unmounted
        o       Event queue overflowed
        x       File can't be watched anymore

If watching a directory:  
m Subfile is moved into dir  
y Subfile is moved out of dir  
n Subfile is created  
d Subfile is deleted  
inotifyd waits for PROG to exit. When x event happens for all FILEs, inotifyd exits

### insmod ###

insmod \[OPTIONS\] MODULE \[symbol=value\]…

Load the specified kernel modules into the kernel

Options:

-f      Force module to load into the wrong kernel version
        -k      Make module autoclean-able
        -v      Verbose
        -q      Quiet
        -L      Lock to prevent simultaneous loads of a module
        -m      Output load map to stdout
        -o NAME Set internal module name to NAME
        -x      Do not export externs

### install ###

install \[-cdDsp\] \[-o USER\] \[-g GRP\] \[-m MODE\] \[source\] dest|directory

Copy files and set attributes

复制文件并设置属性

Options:

-c      Just copy (default)
        -d      Create directories
        -D      Create leading target directories
        -s      Strip symbol table
        -p      Preserve date
        -o USER Set ownership
        -g GRP  Set group ownership
        -m MODE Set permissions

### ionice ###

ionice \[-c 1-3\] \[-n 0-7\] \[-p PID\] \[PROG\]

Change I/O scheduling class and priority

Options:

-c      Class. 1:realtime 2:best-effort 3:idle
        -n      Priority

### ip ###

ip \[OPTIONS\] \{address | route | link | tunnel | rule\} \{COMMAND\}

ip \[OPTIONS\] OBJECT \{COMMAND\} where OBJECT := \{address | route | link | tunnel | rule\} OPTIONS := \{ -f\[amily\] \{ inet | inet6 | link \} | -o\[neline\] \}

### ipaddr ###

ipaddr \{ \{add|del\} IFADDR dev STRING | \{show|flush\}  
\[dev STRING\] \[to PREFIX\] \}  
ipaddr \{add|delete\} IFADDR dev STRING ipaddr \{show|flush\} \[dev STRING\] \[scope SCOPE-ID\] \[to PREFIX\] \[label PATTERN\] IFADDR := PREFIX | ADDR peer PREFIX \[broadcast ADDR\] \[anycast ADDR\] \[label STRING\] \[scope SCOPE-ID\] SCOPE-ID := \[host | link | global | NUMBER\]

### ipcalc ###

ipcalc \[OPTIONS\] ADDRESS\[\[/\]NETMASK\] \[NETMASK\]

Calculate IP network settings from a IP address

Options:

-b,--broadcast  Display calculated broadcast address
        -n,--network    Display calculated network address
        -m,--netmask    Display default netmask for IP
        -p,--prefix     Display the prefix for IP/NETMASK
        -h,--hostname   Display first resolved host name
        -s,--silent     Don't ever display error messages

### ipcrm ###

ipcrm \[-MQS key\] \[-mqs id\]

Upper-case options MQS remove an object by shmkey value. Lower-case options remove an object by shmid value.

Options:

-mM     Remove memory segment after last detach
        -qQ     Remove message queue
        -sS     Remove semaphore

### ipcs ###

ipcs \[\[-smq\] -i shmid\] | \[\[-asmq\] \[-tcplu\]\]

-i      Show specific resource

Resource specification:  
\-m Shared memory segments  
\-q Message queues  
\-s Semaphore arrays  
\-a All (default)  
Output format:  
\-t Time  
\-c Creator  
\-p Pid  
\-l Limits  
\-u Summary

### iplink ###

iplink \{ set DEVICE \{ up | down | arp \{ on | off \} | show \[DEVICE\] \}

iplink set DEVICE \{ up | down | arp | multicast \{ on | off \} | dynamic \{ on | off \} | mtu MTU \} iplink show \[DEVICE\]

iproute  
iproute \{ list | flush | \{ add | del | change | append |  
replace | monitor \} ROUTE \}  
iproute \{ list | flush \} SELECTOR iproute get ADDRESS \[from ADDRESS iif STRING\] \[oif STRING\] \[tos TOS\] iproute \{ add | del | change | append | replace | monitor \} ROUTE SELECTOR := \[root PREFIX\] \[match PREFIX\] \[proto RTPROTO\] ROUTE := \[TYPE\] PREFIX \[tos TOS\] \[proto RTPROTO\] \[metric METRIC\]

### iprule ###

iprule \{\[list | add | del\] RULE\}

### iptunnel ###

iptunnel \{ add | change | del | show \} \[NAME\]  
\[mode \{ ipip | gre | sit \}\]  
\[remote ADDR\] \[local ADDR\] \[ttl TTL\]  
iptunnel \{ add | change | del | show \} \[NAME\]  
\[mode \{ ipip | gre | sit \}\] \[remote ADDR\] \[local ADDR\]  
\[\[i|o\]seq\] \[\[i|o\]key KEY\] \[\[i|o\]csum\]  
\[ttl TTL\] \[tos TOS\] \[\[no\]pmtudisc\] \[dev PHYS\_DEV\]

### kbd\_mode ###

kbd\_mode \[-a|k|s|u\] \[-C TTY\]

Report or set the keyboard mode

Options:

-a      Default (ASCII)
        -k      Medium-raw (keyboard)
        -s      Raw (scancode)
        -u      Unicode (utf-8)
        -C TTY  Affect TTY instead of /dev/tty

### kill ###

kill \[-l\] \[-SIG\] PID…

Send a signal (default: TERM) to given PIDs

发送信号（默认值：TERM）到给定的PID

Options:

-l      List all signal names and numbers 列出所有信号名称和编号

### killall ###

killall \[-l\] \[-q\] \[-SIG\] process-name…

Send a signal (default: TERM) to given processes

向给定进程发送信号（默认值：TERM）

Options:

-l      List all signal names and numbers
        -q      Do not complain if no processes were killed

### killall5 ###

killall5 \[-l\] \[-SIG\] \[-o PID\]…

Send a signal (default: TERM) to all processes outside current session

向当前会话之外的所有进程发送信号（默认值：TERM）

Options:

-l      List all signal names and numbers
        -o PID  Do not signal this PID

### klogd ###

klogd \[-c N\] \[-n\]

Kernel logger 内核记录器

Options:

-c N    Only messages with level < N are printed to console
        -n      Run in foreground

### last ###

last \[-HW\] \[-f file\]

Show listing of the last users that logged into the system

显示最近登录系统的用户列表

Options:

-W      Display with no host column truncation
        -f file Read from file instead of /var/log/wtmp

### length ###

length STRING

Print STRING’s length

less  
less \[-EMNmh~I?\] \[FILE\]…

View a file or list of files. The position within files can be changed, and files can be manipulated in various ways.

Options:

-E      Quit once the end of a file is reached
        -M,-m   Display status line with line numbers
                and percentage through the file
        -N      Prefix line number to each line
        -I      Ignore case in all searches
        -~      Suppress ~s displayed past the end of the file

### ln ###

ln \[OPTIONS\] TARGET… LINK|DIRECTORY

Create a link LINK or DIRECTORY/TARGET to the specified TARGET(s)

Options:

-s      Make symlinks instead of hardlinks
        -f      Remove existing destination files
        -n      Don't dereference symlinks - treat like normal file
        -b      Make a backup of the target (if exists) before link operation
        -S suf  Use suffix instead of ~ when making backup files

### loadfont ###

loadfont < font

Load a console font from standard input

### loadkmap ###

loadkmap < keymap

Load a binary keyboard translation table from standard input

### logger ###

logger \[OPTIONS\] \[MESSAGE\]

Write MESSAGE to the system log. If MESSAGE is omitted, log stdin.

Options:

-s      Log to stderr as well as the system log
        -t TAG  Log using the specified tag (defaults to user name)
        -p PRIO Priority (numeric or facility.level pair)

### login ###

Begin a new session on the system

Options:

-f      Do not authenticate (user already authenticated)
        -h      Name of the remote host
        -p      Preserve environment

### logname ###

logname

Print the name of the current user

### logread ###

logread \[OPTIONS\]

Show messages in syslogd’s circular buffer

Options:

-f      Output data as log grows

### losetup ###

losetup \[-o OFS\] LOOPDEV FILE - associate loop devices  
losetup -d LOOPDEV - disassociate  
losetup \[-f\] - show  
Options:

-o OFS  Start OFS bytes into FILE
        -f      Show first free loop device

### lpd ###

lpd SPOOLDIR \[HELPER \[ARGS\]\]

SPOOLDIR must contain (symlinks to) device nodes or directories with names matching print queue names. In the first case, jobs are sent directly to the device. Otherwise each job is stored in queue directory and HELPER program is called. Name of file to print is passed in $DATAFILE variable. Example:

tcpsvd -E 0 515 softlimit -m 999999 lpd /var/spool ./print

### lpq ###

lpq \[-P queue\[@host\[:port\]\]\] \[-U USERNAME\] \[-d JOBID…\] \[-fs\]

Options:

-P      lp service to connect to (else uses $PRINTER)
        -d      Delete jobs
        -f      Force any waiting job to be printed
        -s      Short display

### lpr ###

lpr -P queue\[@host\[:port\]\] -U USERNAME -J TITLE -Vmh \[FILE\]…

Options:

-P      lp service to connect to (else uses $PRINTER)
        -m      Send mail on completion
        -h      Print banner page too
        -V      Verbose

### ls ###

ls \[-1AacCdeFilnpLRrSsTtuvwxXhk\] \[FILE\]…

List directory contents

列出目录内容

Options:

-1      List in a single column 在单列中列出
        -A      Don't list . and .. 不列出.和.. 
        -a      Don't hide entries starting with . 不要隐藏以.开头的条目
        -C      List by columns 按列列出
        -c      With -l: sort by ctime 使用-l：按ctime排序
        --color[={always,never,auto}]   Control coloring
        -d      List directory entries instead of contents
        -e      List full date and time
        -F      Append indicator (one of */=@|) to entries
        -i      List inode numbers
        -l      Long listing format 长列表格式
        -n      List numeric UIDs and GIDs instead of names
        -p      Append indicator (one of /=@|) to entries
        -L      List entries pointed to by symlinks
        -R      List subdirectories recursively
        -r      Sort in reverse order
        -S      Sort by file size
        -s      List the size of each file, in blocks
        -T NUM  Assume tabstop every NUM columns
        -t      With -l: sort by modification time
        -u      With -l: sort by access time
        -v      Sort by version
        -w NUM  Assume the terminal is NUM columns wide
        -x      List by lines
        -X      Sort by extension
        -h      List sizes in human readable format (1K 243M 2G)

### lsattr ###

lsattr \[-Radlv\] \[FILE\]…

List file attributes on an ext2 fs

列出ext2 fs上的文件属性

Options:

-R      Recursively list subdirectories
        -a      Do not hide entries starting with .
        -d      List directory entries instead of contents
        -l      List long flag names
        -v      List the file's version/generation number

### lsmod ###

lsmod

List the currently loaded kernel modules

### lzmacat ###

lzmacat FILE

Uncompress to stdout

### lzop ###

lzop \[-cfvd123456789CF\] \[FILE\]…

-c      Write to standard output
        -f      Force
        -v      Verbose
        -d      Decompress
        -F      Don't store or verify checksum
        -C      Also write checksum of compressed block
        -1..9   Compression level

### lzopcat ###

lzopcat \[-vCF\] \[FILE\]…

-v      Verbose
        -F      Don't store or verify checksum

### makemime ###

makemime \[OPTIONS\] \[FILE\]…

Create multipart MIME-encoded message from FILEs

Options:

-o FILE Output. Default: stdout
        -a HDR  Add header. Examples:
                "From: user@host.org", "Date: `date -R`"
        -c CT   Content type. Default: text/plain
        -C CS   Charset. Default: us-ascii

Other options are silently ignored

### man ###

man \[OPTIONS\] \[MANPAGE\]…

Format and display manual page

Options:

-a      Display all pages
        -w      Show page locations

### md5sum ###

md5sum \[OPTIONS\] \[FILE\]… or: md5sum \[OPTIONS\] -c \[FILE\]

Print or check MD5 checksums

Options:

-c      Check sums against given list
        -s      Don't output anything, status code shows success
        -w      Warn about improperly formatted checksum lines

### mdev ###

mdev \[-s\]

-s      Scan /sys and populate /dev during system boot

It can be run by kernel as a hotplug helper. To activate it: echo /bin/mdev >/proc/sys/kernel/hotplug It uses /etc/mdev.conf with lines \[-\]DEVNAME UID:GID PERM \[>|=PATH\] \[@|$|\*PROG\]

### mesg ###

mesg \[y|n\]

Control write access to your terminal  
y Allow write access to your terminal  
n Disallow write access to your terminal

### microcom ###

microcom \[-d DELAY\] \[-t TIMEOUT\] \[-s SPEED\] \[-X\] TTY

Copy bytes for stdin to TTY and from TTY to stdout

Options:

-d      Wait up to DELAY ms for TTY output before sending every
                next byte to it
        -t      Exit if both stdin and TTY are silent for TIMEOUT ms
        -s      Set serial line to SPEED
        -X      Disable special meaning of NUL and Ctrl-X from stdin

### mkdir ###

mkdir \[OPTIONS\] DIRECTORY…

Create DIRECTORY

创建目录

Options:

-m      Mode
        -p      No error if exists; make parent directories as needed

### mkdosfs ###

mkdosfs \[-v\] \[-n LABEL\] FILE\_OR\_DEVICE \[SIZE\_IN\_KB\]

Make a FAT32 filesystem

Options:

-v      Verbose
        -n LBL  Volume label

### mkfifo ###

mkfifo \[OPTIONS\] name

Create named pipe (identical to ‘mknod name p’)

Options:

-m MODE Mode (default a=rw)

### mkfs.minix ###

mkfs.minix \[-c | -l filename\] \[-nXX\] \[-iXX\] /dev/name \[blocks\]

Make a MINIX filesystem

Options:

-c              Check device for bad blocks
        -n [14|30]      Maximum length of filenames
        -i INODES       Number of inodes for the filesystem
        -l FILENAME     Read bad blocks list from FILENAME
        -v              Make version 2 filesystem

### mkfs.vfat ###

mkfs.vfat \[-v\] \[-n LABEL\] FILE\_OR\_DEVICE \[SIZE\_IN\_KB\]

Make a FAT32 filesystem

Options:

-v      Verbose
        -n LBL  Volume label

### mknod ###

mknod \[OPTIONS\] NAME TYPE MAJOR MINOR

Create a special file (block, character, or pipe)

Options:

-m      Create the special file using the specified mode (default a=rw)

TYPEs include:  
b: Make a block device  
c or u: Make a character device  
p: Make a named pipe (MAJOR and MINOR are ignored)

### mkpasswd ###

mkpasswd \[OPTIONS\] \[PASSWORD\] \[SALT\]

Crypt the PASSWORD using crypt(3)

Options:

-P,--password-fd=NUM    Read password from fd NUM
        -m,--method=TYPE        Encryption method TYPE
        -S,--salt=SALT

### mkswap ###

mkswap DEVICE

Prepare block device to be used as swap partition

### mktemp ###

mktemp \[-dt\] \[-p DIR\] \[TEMPLATE\]

Create a temporary file with name based on TEMPLATE and print its name. TEMPLATE must end with XXXXXX (e.g. \[/dir/\]nameXXXXXX).

Options:

-d      Make a directory instead of a file
        -t      Generate a path rooted in temporary directory
        -p DIR  Use DIR as a temporary directory (implies -t)

For -t or -p, directory is chosen as follows: $TMPDIR if set, else -p DIR, else /tmp

### modprobe ###

modprobe \[-knqrsvb\] MODULE \[symbol=value…\]

Options:

-k      Make module autoclean-able
        -n      Dry run
        -q      Quiet
        -r      Remove module (stacks) or do autoclean
        -s      Report via syslog instead of stderr
        -v      Verbose
        -b      Apply blacklist to module names too

### more ###

more \[FILE\]…

View FILE or standard input one screenful at a time

一次一屏查看FILE或标准输入

### mount ###

mount \[flags\] DEVICE NODE \[-o OPT,OPT\]

Mount a filesystem. Filesystem autodetection requires /proc.

挂载文件系统。文件系统自动检测需要/ proc。

Options:

-a              Mount all filesystems in fstab 在fstab中挂载所有文件系统
        -f              Dry run
        -i              Don't run mount helper
        -r              Read-only mount
        -w              Read-write mount (default)
        -t FSTYPE       Filesystem type
        -O OPT          Mount only filesystems with option OPT (-a only)

-o OPT:
            loop            Ignored (loop devices are autodetected)
            [a]sync         Writes are [a]synchronous
            [no]atime       Disable/enable updates to inode access times
            [no]diratime    Disable/enable atime updates to directories
            [no]relatime    Disable/enable atime updates relative to modification time
            [no]dev         (Dis)allow use of special device files
            [no]exec        (Dis)allow use of executable files
            [no]suid        (Dis)allow set-user-id-root programs
            [r]shared       Convert [recursively] to a shared subtree
            [r]slave        Convert [recursively] to a slave subtree
            [r]private      Convert [recursively] to a private subtree
            [un]bindable    Make mount point [un]able to be bind mounted
            bind            Bind a directory to an additional location
            move            Relocate an existing mount point
            remount         Remount a mounted filesystem, changing its flags 重新挂载已挂载的文件系统，更改其标志
            ro/rw           Read-only/read-write mount 只读/读写挂载

There are EVEN MORE flags that are specific to each filesystem You’ll have to see the written documentation for those filesystems

每个文件系统都有特定的标志，您甚至需要查看这些文件系统的书面文档

### mountpoint ###

mountpoint \[-q\] <\[-dn\] DIR | -x DEVICE>

Check if the directory is a mountpoint

Options:

-q      Quiet
        -d      Print major/minor device number of the filesystem
        -n      Print device name of the filesystem
        -x      Print major/minor device number of the blockdevice

### mt ###

mt \[-f device\] opcode value

Control magnetic tape drive operation

Available Opcodes:

bsf bsfm bsr bss datacompression drvbuffer eof eom erase fsf fsfm fsr fss load lock mkpart nop offline ras1 ras2 ras3 reset retension rewind rewoffline seek setblk setdensity setpart tell unload unlock weof wset

### mv ###

mv \[OPTIONS\] SOURCE DEST or: mv \[OPTIONS\] SOURCE… DIRECTORY

Rename SOURCE to DEST, or move SOURCE(s) to DIRECTORY

Options:

-f      Don't prompt before overwriting
        -i      Interactive, prompt before overwrite

### nameif ###

nameif \[-s\] \[-c FILE\] \[\{IFNAME MACADDR\}\]

Rename network interface while it in the down state

Options:

-c FILE         Use configuration file (default: /etc/mactab)
        -s              Use syslog (LOCAL0 facility)
        IFNAME MACADDR  new_interface_name interface_mac_address

### nc ###

nc \[OPTIONS\] HOST PORT - connect nc \[OPTIONS\] -l -p PORT \[HOST\] \[PORT\] - listen

Options:

-e PROG         Run PROG after connect (must be last)
        -l              Listen mode, for inbound connects
        -n              Don't do DNS resolution
        -s ADDR         Local address
        -p PORT         Local port
        -u              UDP mode
        -v              Verbose
        -w SEC          Timeout for connects and final net reads
        -i SEC          Delay interval for lines sent
        -o FILE         Hex dump traffic
        -z              Zero-I/O mode (scanning)

### netstat ###

netstat \[-laentuwxrWp\]

Display networking information

Options:

-l      Display listening server sockets
        -a      Display all sockets (default: connected)
        -e      Display other/more information
        -n      Don't resolve names
        -t      Tcp sockets
        -u      Udp sockets
        -w      Raw sockets
        -x      Unix sockets
        -r      Display routing table
        -W      Display with no column truncation
        -p      Display PID/Program name for sockets

### nice ###

nice \[-n ADJUST\] \[PROG \[ARGS\]\]

Run PROG with modified scheduling priority

以修改的计划优先级运行PROG

Options:

-n ADJUST       Adjust priority by ADJUST

### nmeter ###

nmeter format\_string

Monitor system in real time

Format specifiers:

%Nc or %\[cN\] Monitor CPU. N - bar size, default 10  
(displays: S:system U:user N:niced D:iowait I:irq i:softirq)  
%\[niface\] Monitor network interface ‘iface’  
%m Monitor allocated memory  
%\[mf\] Monitor free memory  
%\[mt\] Monitor total memory  
%s Monitor allocated swap  
%f Monitor number of used file descriptors  
%Ni Monitor total/specific IRQ rate  
%x Monitor context switch rate  
%p Monitor forks  
%\[pn\] Monitor \# of processes  
%b Monitor block io  
%Nt Show time (with N decimal points)  
%Nd Milliseconds between updates (default:1000)  
%r Print instead of at EOL

### nohup ###

nohup PROG \[ARGS\]

Run PROG immune to hangups, with output to a non-tty

### nslookup ###

nslookup \[HOST\] \[SERVER\]

Query the nameserver for the IP address of the given HOST optionally using a specified DNS server

### od ###

od \[-aBbcDdeFfHhIiLlOovXx\] \[-t TYPE\] \[FILE\]

Write an unambiguous representation, octal bytes by default, of FILE to standard output. With no FILE or when FILE is -, read standard input.

### openvt ###

openvt \[-c N\] \[-sw\] \[PROG \[ARGS\]\]

Start PROG on a new virtual terminal

Options:

-c N    Use specified VT
        -s      Switch to the VT
        -w      Wait for PROG to exit

### passwd ###

passwd \[OPTIONS\] \[USER\]

Change USER’s password. If no USER is specified, changes the password for the current user.

修改用户密码。如果未指定USER，则更改当前用户的密码。

Options:

-a      Algorithm to use for password (choices: des, md5)
        -d      Delete password for the account
        -l      Lock (disable) account
        -u      Unlock (re-enable) account

### patch ###

patch \[-p NUM\] \[-i DIFF\] \[-R\] \[-N\]

-p NUM  Strip NUM leading components from file names
        -i DIFF Read DIFF instead of stdin
        -R      Reverse patch
        -N      Ignore already applied patches

### pgrep ###

pgrep \[-flnovx\] \[-s SID|-P PPID|PATTERN\]

Display process(es) selected by regex PATTERN

Options:

-l      Show command name too
        -f      Match against entire command line
        -n      Show the newest process only
        -o      Show the oldest process only
        -v      Negate the match
        -x      Match whole name (not substring)
        -s      Match session ID (0 for current)
        -P      Match parent process ID

### pidof ###

pidof \[OPTIONS\] \[NAME…\]

List PIDs of all processes with names that match NAMEs

Options:

-s      Show only one PID
        -o PID  Omit given pid
                Use %PPID to omit pid of pidof's parent

### ping ###

ping \[OPTIONS\] HOST

Send ICMP ECHO\_REQUEST packets to network hosts

将ICMP ECHO\_REQUEST数据包发送到网络主机

Options:

-4, -6          Force IPv4 or IPv6 hostname resolution
        -c CNT          Send only CNT pings
        -s SIZE         Send SIZE data bytes in packets (default:56)
        -I IFACE/IP     Use interface or IP address as source
        -W SEC          Seconds to wait for the first response (default:10)
                        (after all -c CNT packets are sent)
        -w SEC          Seconds until ping exits (default:infinite)
                        (can exit earlier with -c CNT)
        -q              Quiet, only displays output at start
                        and when finished

### ping6 ###

ping6 \[OPTIONS\] HOST

Send ICMP ECHO\_REQUEST packets to network hosts

将ICMP ECHO\_REQUEST数据包发送到网络主机

Options:

-c CNT          Send only CNT pings
        -s SIZE         Send SIZE data bytes in packets (default:56)
        -I IFACE/IP     Use interface or IP address as source
        -q              Quiet, only displays output at start
                        and when finished

### pivot\_root ###

pivot\_root NEW\_ROOT PUT\_OLD

Move the current root file system to PUT\_OLD and make NEW\_ROOT the new root file system

将当前的根文件系统移至PUT\_OLD并将NEW\_ROOT设置为新的根文件系统

### pkill ###

pkill \[-l|-SIGNAL\] \[-fnovx\] \[-s SID|-P PPID|PATTERN\]

Send a signal to process(es) selected by regex PATTERN

Options:

-l      List all signals
        -f      Match against entire command line
        -n      Signal the newest process only
        -o      Signal the oldest process only
        -v      Negate the match
        -x      Match whole name (not substring)
        -s      Match session ID (0 for current)
        -P      Match parent process ID

### popmaildir ###

popmaildir \[OPTIONS\] Maildir \[connection-helper …\]

Fetch content of remote mailbox to local maildir

Options:

-b              Binary mode. Ignored
        -d              Debug. Ignored
        -m              Show used memory. Ignored
        -V              Show version. Ignored
        -c              Use tcpclient. Ignored
        -a              Use APOP protocol. Implied. If server supports APOP -> use it
        -s              Skip authorization
        -T              Get messages with TOP instead with RETR
        -k              Keep retrieved messages on the server
        -t timeout      Network timeout
        -F "program arg1 arg2 ..."      Filter by program. May be multiple
        -M "program arg1 arg2 ..."      Deliver by program
        -R size         Remove old messages on the server >= size (in bytes). Ignored
        -Z N1-N2        Remove messages from N1 to N2 (dangerous). Ignored
        -L size         Do not retrieve new messages >= size (in bytes). Ignored
        -H lines        Type specified number of lines of a message. Ignored

### printenv ###

printenv \[VARIABLE…\]

Print all or part of environment. If no environment VARIABLE specified, print them all.

打印全部或部分环境。如果未指定环境VARIABLE，则全部打印它们。

### printf ###

printf FORMAT \[ARGUMENT…\]

Format and print ARGUMENT(s) according to FORMAT, where FORMAT controls the output exactly as in C printf

根据FORMAT格式化并打印ARGUMENT，其中FORMAT完全像C printf中那样控制输出

### ps ###

Report process status

报告进程状态

Options:

-o col1,col2=header     Select columns for display
        -T                      Show threads

### pscan ###

pscan \[-cb\] \[-p MIN\_PORT\] \[-P MAX\_PORT\] \[-t TIMEOUT\] \[-T MIN\_RTT\] HOST

Scan a host, print all open ports

扫描主机，打印所有打开的端口

Options:

-c      Show closed ports too
        -b      Show blocked ports too
        -p      Scan from this port (default 1)
        -P      Scan up to this port (default 1024)
        -t      Timeout (default 5000 ms)
        -T      Minimum rtt (default 5 ms, increase for congested hosts)

### pwd ###

pwd

Print the full filename of the current working directory

打印当前工作目录的完整文件名

### raida utorun ###

raidautorun DEVICE

Tell the kernel to automatically search and start RAID arrays

### rdate ###

rdate \[-sp\] HOST

Get and possibly set the system date and time from a remote HOST

Options:

-s      Set the system date and time (default)
        -p      Print the date and time

### rdev ###

rdev

Print the device node associated with the filesystem mounted at ‘/’

打印与挂载在“ /”上的文件系统关联的设备节点

### readlink ###

readlink \[-fnv\] FILE

Display the value of a symlink

显示符号链接symlink的值

Options:

-f      Canonicalize by following all symlinks
        -n      Don't add newline
        -v      Verbose

### readprofile ###

readprofile \[OPTIONS\]

Options:

-m mapfile      (Default: /boot/System.map)
        -p profile      (Default: /proc/profile)
        -M mult         Set the profiling multiplier to mult
        -i              Print only info about the sampling step
        -v              Verbose
        -a              Print all symbols, even if count is 0
        -b              Print individual histogram-bin counts
        -s              Print individual counters within functions
        -r              Reset all the counters (root only)
        -n              Disable byte order auto-detection

### realpath ###

realpath pathname…

Return the absolute pathnames of given argument

### reformime ###

reformime \[OPTIONS\] \[FILE\]…

Parse MIME-encoded message

Options:

-x prefix       Extract content of MIME sections to files
        -X prog [args]  Filter content of MIME sections through prog.
                        Must be the last option

Other options are silently ignored.

### renice ###

renice \{ \{-n INCREMENT\} | PRIORITY\} \[\[-p | -g | -u\] ID…\]

Change priority of running processes

更改正在运行的进程的优先级

Options:

-n      Adjust current nice value (smaller is faster)
        -p      Process id(s) (default)
        -g      Process group id(s)
        -u      Process user name(s) and/or id(s)

### reset ###

reset

Reset the screen 重置屏幕

### resize ###

resize

Resize the screen 调整大小

### rm ###

rm \[OPTIONS\] FILE…

Remove (unlink) the FILE(s). Use ‘–’ to indicate that all following arguments are non-options.

删除（取消链接）文件。使用“-”表示以下所有参数均为非选项。

Options:

-i      Always prompt before removing
        -f      Never prompt
        -r,-R   Remove directories recursively

### rmdir ###

rmdir \[OPTIONS\] DIRECTORY…

Remove the DIRECTORY, if it is empty

删除目录（如果为空）

Options:

-p|--parents    Include parents
        --ignore-fail-on-non-empty

### rmmod ###

rmmod \[OPTIONS\] \[MODULE\]…

Unload the specified kernel modules from the kernel

从内核卸载指定的内核模块

Options:

-w      Wait until the module is no longer used
        -f      Force unloading
        -a      Remove all unused modules (recursively)

### route ###

route \[\{add|del|delete\}\]

Edit kernel routing tables

编辑内核路由表

Options:

-n      Don't resolve names
        -e      Display other/more information
        -A inet{6}      Select address family

### rpm ###

rpm -i -q \[ildc\] p package.rpm

Manipulate RPM packages

操纵RPM软件包

Options:

-i      Install package 安装软件包
        -q      Query package 查询软件包
        -p      Query uninstalled package 查询已卸载的软件包
        -i      Show information 显示信息
        -l      List contents 列出目录
        -d      List documents 列出文档
        -c      List config files 列出配置文件

### rpm2cpio ###

rpm2cpio package.rpm

Output a cpio archive of the rpm file

输出rpm文件的cpio归档文件

### rtcwake ###

rtcwake \[-a | -l | -u\] \[-d DEV\] \[-m MODE\] \[-s SEC | -t TIME\]

Enter a system sleep state until specified wakeup time

进入系统睡眠状态，直到指定的唤醒时间

-a,--auto       Read clock mode from adjtime
        -l,--local      Clock is set to local time
        -u,--utc        Clock is set to UTC time
        -d,--device=DEV Specify the RTC device
        -m,--mode=MODE  Set the sleep state (default: standby)
        -s,--seconds=SEC Set the timeout in SEC seconds from now
        -t,--time=TIME  Set the timeout to TIME seconds from epoch

### run-parts ###

run-parts \[-t\] \[-l\] \[-a ARG\] \[-u MASK\] DIRECTORY

Run a bunch of scripts in a directory

Options:

-t      Print what would be run, but don't actually run anything
        -a ARG  Pass ARG as argument for every program
        -u MASK Set the umask to MASK before running every program
        -l      Print names of all matching files even if they are not executable

### runlevel ###

runlevel \[utmp\]

Find the current and previous system runlevel

查找当前和先前的系统运行级别

If no utmp file exists or if no runlevel record can be found, print “unknown”

### runsv ###

runsv dir

Start and monitor a service and optionally an appendant log service

启动和监视服务以及可选的附加日志服务

### runsvdir ###

runsvdir \[-P\] \[-s SCRIPT\] dir

Start a runsv process for each subdirectory. If it exits, restart it.

-P              Put each runsv in a new session
        -s SCRIPT       Run SCRIPT <signo> after signal is processed

### rx ###

rx FILE

Receive a file using the xmodem protocol 使用xmodem协议接收文件

### script ###

script \[-afqt\] \[-c PROG\] \[OUTFILE\]

Options:

-a      Append output
        -c      Run PROG, not shell
        -f      Flush output after each write
        -q      Quiet
        -t      Send timing to stderr

### scriptreplay ###

scriptreplay timingfile \[typescript \[divisor\]\]

Play back typescripts, using timing information

使用时间信息播放打字稿

### sed ###

sed \[-efinr\] SED\_CMD \[FILE\]…

stream editor 的缩写，中文称之为“流编辑器”。

Options:

-e CMD  Add CMD to sed commands to be executed 将CMD添加到要执行的sed命令中
        -f FILE Add FILE contents to sed commands to be executed FILE 将FILE内容添加到要执行的sed命令中
        -i      Edit files in-place 就地编辑文件
        -n      Suppress automatic printing of pattern space 禁止模式空间的自动打印
        -r      Use extended regex syntax 使用扩展的regex语法

If no -e or -f is given, the first non-option argument is taken as the sed command to interpret. All remaining arguments are names of input files; if no input files are specified, then the standard input is read. Source files will not be modified unless -i option is given.

如果未给出-e或-f，则将第一个非选项参数用作要解释的sed命令。

其余所有参数均为输入文件的名称；

如果未指定输入文件，那么将读取标准输入。

除非提供-i选项，否则不会修改源文件。

### sendmail ###

sendmail \[OPTIONS\] \[RECIPIENT\_EMAIL\]…

Read email from stdin and send it

阅读来自stdin的电子邮件并将其发送

Standard options:

-t              Read additional recipients from message body
        -f sender       Sender (required)
        -o options      Various options. -oi implied, others are ignored

Busybox specific options:

-w seconds      Network timeout
        -H 'PROG ARGS'  Run connection helper
                        Examples:
                        -H 'exec openssl s_client -quiet -tls1 -starttls smtp
                                -connect smtp.gmail.com:25' <email.txt
                                [4<username_and_passwd.txt | -au<username> -ap<password>]
                        -H 'exec openssl s_client -quiet -tls1
                                -connect smtp.gmail.com:465' <email.txt
                                [4<username_and_passwd.txt | -au<username> -ap<password>]
        -S server[:port] Server
        -au<username>   Username for AUTH LOGIN
        -ap<password>   Password for AUTH LOGIN
        -am<method>     Authentication method. Ignored. LOGIN is implied

Other options are silently ignored; -oi -t is implied Use makemime applet to create message with attachments

### seq ###

seq \[-w\] \[-s SEP\] \[FIRST \[INC\]\] LAST

Print numbers from FIRST to LAST, in steps of INC. FIRST, INC default to 1

Options:

-w      Pad to last with leading zeros
        -s SEP  String separator

### setarch ###

setarch personality program \[args…\]

Personality may be:

linux32         Set 32bit uname emulation
        linux64         Set 64bit uname emulation

### setconsole ###

setconsole \[-r|–reset\] \[DEVICE\]

Redirect system console output to DEVICE (default: /dev/tty)

Options:

-r      Reset output to /dev/console

### setfont ###

setfont FONT \[-m MAPFILE\] \[-C TTY\]

Load a console font

Options:

-m MAPFILE      Load console screen map
        -C TTY          Affect TTY instead of /dev/tty

### setkeycodes ###

setkeycodes SCANCODE KEYCODE…

Set entries into the kernel’s scancode-to-keycode map, allowing unusual keyboards to generate usable keycodes.

SCANCODE may be either xx or e0xx (hexadecimal), and KEYCODE is given in decimal

### setlogcons ###

setlogcons N

Redirect the kernel output to console N (0 for current)

### setsid ###

setsid PROG \[ARG…\]

Run PROG in a new session. PROG will have no controlling terminal and will not be affected by keyboard signals (Ctrl-C etc). See setsid(2) for details.

### setuidgid ###

setuidgid account prog args

Set uid and gid to account’s uid and gid, removing all supplementary groups and run PROG

### sha1sum ###

sha1sum \[OPTIONS\] \[FILE\]… or: sha1sum \[OPTIONS\] -c \[FILE\]

Print or check SHA1 checksums

打印或检查SHA1校验和

Options:

-c      Check sums against given list
        -s      Don't output anything, status code shows success
        -w      Warn about improperly formatted checksum lines

### sha256sum ###

sha256sum \[OPTIONS\] \[FILE\]… or: sha256sum \[OPTIONS\] -c \[FILE\]

Print or check SHA256 checksums

Options:

-c      Check sums against given list
        -s      Don't output anything, status code shows success
        -w      Warn about improperly formatted checksum lines

### sha512sum ###

sha512sum \[OPTIONS\] \[FILE\]… or: sha512sum \[OPTIONS\] -c \[FILE\]

Print or check SHA512 checksums

Options:

-c      Check sums against given list
        -s      Don't output anything, status code shows success
        -w      Warn about improperly formatted checksum lines

### showkey ###

showkey \[-a | -k | -s\]

Show keys pressed

显示按键

Options:

-a      Display decimal/octal/hex values of the keys 显示键的十进制/八进制/十六进制值
        -k      Display interpreted keycodes (default)
        -s      Display raw scan-codes

### slattach ###

slattach \[-cehmLF\] \[-s SPEED\] \[-p PROTOCOL\] DEVICE

Attach network interface(s) to serial line(s)

Options:

-p PROT Set protocol (slip, cslip, slip6, clisp6 or adaptive)
        -s SPD  Set line speed
        -e      Exit after initializing device
        -h      Exit when the carrier is lost
        -c PROG Run PROG when the line is hung up
        -m      Do NOT initialize the line in raw 8 bits mode
        -L      Enable 3-wire operation
        -F      Disable RTS/CTS flow control

### sleep ###

sleep \[N\]…

Pause for a time equal to the total of the args given, where each arg can have an optional suffix of (s)econds, (m)inutes, (h)ours, or (d)ays

暂停的时间等于给定arg的总数，其中每个arg都可以有（s）个，（m）个inutes，（h）ours或（d）ays的可选后缀

### softlimit ###

softlimit \[-a BYTES\] \[-m BYTES\] \[-d BYTES\] \[-s BYTES\] \[-l BYTES\]  
\[-f BYTES\] \[-c BYTES\] \[-r BYTES\] \[-o N\] \[-p N\] \[-t N\]  
PROG ARGS  
Set soft resource limits, then run PROG

设置软资源限制，然后运行PROG

Options:

-a BYTES        Limit total size of all segments
        -m BYTES        Same as -d BYTES -s BYTES -l BYTES -a BYTES
        -d BYTES        Limit data segment
        -s BYTES        Limit stack segment
        -l BYTES        Limit locked memory size
        -o N            Limit number of open files per process
        -p N            Limit number of processes per uid

Options controlling file sizes:  
\-f BYTES Limit output file sizes  
\-c BYTES Limit core file size  
Efficiency opts:  
\-r BYTES Limit resident set size  
\-t N Limit CPU time, process receives  
a SIGXCPU after N seconds

### sort ###

sort \[-nrugMcszbdfimSTokt\] \[-o FILE\] \[-k start\[.offset\]\[opts\]\[,end\[.offset\]\[opts\]\] \[-t CHAR\] \[FILE\]…

Sort lines of text

Options:

-b      Ignore leading blanks
        -c      Check whether input is sorted
        -d      Dictionary order (blank or alphanumeric only)
        -f      Ignore case
        -g      General numerical sort
        -i      Ignore unprintable characters
        -k      Sort key
        -M      Sort month
        -n      Sort numbers
        -o      Output to file
        -k      Sort by key
        -t CHAR Key separator
        -r      Reverse sort order
        -s      Stable (don't sort ties alphabetically)
        -u      Suppress duplicate lines
        -z      Lines are terminated by NUL, not newline
        -mST    Ignored for GNU compatibility

### split ###

split \[OPTIONS\] \[INPUT \[PREFIX\]\]

Options:

-b n[k|m]       Split by bytes
        -l n            Split by lines
        -a n            Use n letters as suffix

### start-stop-daemon ###

start-stop-daemon \[OPTIONS\] \[-S|-K\] … \[-- arguments…\]

Search for matching processes, and then -K: stop all matching processes. -S: start a process unless a matching process is found.

搜索匹配的进程，然后-K：停止所有匹配的进程。-S：除非找到匹配的进程，否则开始一个进程。

Process matching:

-u,--user USERNAME|UID  Match only this user's processes
        -n,--name NAME          Match processes with NAME
                                in comm field in /proc/PID/stat
        -x,--exec EXECUTABLE    Match processes with this command
                                in /proc/PID/cmdline
        -p,--pidfile FILE       Match a process with PID from the file
        All specified conditions must match

\-S only:  
\-x,–exec EXECUTABLE Program to run  
\-a,–startas NAME Zeroth argument  
\-b,–background Background  
\-N,–nicelevel N Change nice level  
\-c,–chuid USER\[:\[GRP\]\] Change to user/group  
\-m,–make-pidfile Write PID to the pidfile specified by -p  
\-K only:  
\-s,–signal SIG Signal to send  
\-t,–test Match only, exit with 0 if a process is found  
Other:  
\-o,–oknodo Exit with status 0 if nothing is done  
\-v,–verbose Verbose  
\-q,–quiet Quiet

### stat ###

stat \[OPTIONS\] FILE…

Display file (default) or filesystem status

显示文件（默认）或文件系统状态

Options:

-c fmt  Use the specified format
        -f      Display filesystem status
        -L      Dereference links
        -t      Display info in terse form

Valid format sequences for files:

%a Access rights in octal  
%A Access rights in human readable form  
%b Number of blocks allocated (see %B)  
%B The size in bytes of each block reported by %b  
%d Device number in decimal  
%D Device number in hex  
%f Raw mode in hex  
%F File type  
%g Group ID of owner  
%G Group name of owner  
%h Number of hard links  
%i Inode number  
%n File name  
%N Quoted file name with dereference if symlink  
%o I/O block size  
%s Total size, in bytes  
%t Major device type in hex  
%T Minor device type in hex  
%u User ID of owner  
%U User name of owner  
%x Time of last access  
%X Time of last access as seconds since Epoch  
%y Time of last modification  
%Y Time of last modification as seconds since Epoch  
%z Time of last change  
%Z Time of last change as seconds since Epoch  
Valid format sequences for file systems:

%a Free blocks available to non-superuser  
%b Total data blocks in file system  
%c Total file nodes in file system  
%d Free file nodes in file system  
%f Free blocks in file system  
%i File System ID in hex  
%l Maximum length of filenames  
%n File name  
%s Block size (for faster transfer)  
%S Fundamental block size (for block counts)  
%t Type in hex  
%T Type in human readable form

### strings ###

strings \[-afo\] \[-n LEN\] \[FILE\]…

Display printable strings in a binary file

在二进制文件中显示可打印的字符串

Options:

-a      Scan whole file (default)
        -f      Precede strings with filenames
        -n LEN  At least LEN characters form a string (default 4)
        -o      Precede strings with decimal offsets

### stty ###

stty \[-a|g\] \[-F DEVICE\] \[SETTING\]…

Without arguments, prints baud rate, line discipline, and deviations from stty sane

不带参数的情况下，显示波特率，行规和与stty sane的偏差

Options:

-F DEVICE       Open device instead of stdin
        -a              Print all current settings in human-readable form
        -g              Print in stty-readable form
        [SETTING]       See manpage

### su ###

su \[OPTIONS\] \[-\] \[username\]

Change user id or become root

更改用户ID或成为root用户

Options:

-p, -m  Preserve environment
        -c CMD  Command to pass to 'sh -c'
        -s SH   Shell to use instead of default shell

### sulogin ###

sulogin \[OPTIONS\] \[TTY\]

Single user login

单用户登录

Options:

-t N    Timeout

### sum ###

sum \[-rs\] \[FILE\]…

Checksum and count the blocks in a file

校验和并计数文件中的块

Options:

-r      Use BSD sum algorithm (1K blocks)
        -s      Use System V sum algorithm (512byte blocks)

### sv ###

sv \[-v\] \[-w sec\] command service…

Control services monitored by runsv supervisor.

由runsv主管监视的控制服务。

Commands (only first character is enough):

status: query service status up: if service isn’t running, start it. If service stops, restart it once: like ‘up’, but if service stops, don’t restart it down: send TERM and CONT signals. If ./run exits, start ./finish if it exists. After it stops, do not restart service exit: send TERM and CONT signals to service and log service. If they exit, runsv exits too pause, cont, hup, alarm, interrupt, quit, 1, 2, term, kill: send STOP, CONT, HUP, ALRM, INT, QUIT, USR1, USR2, TERM, KILL signal to service

### svlogd ###

svlogd \[-ttv\] \[-r c\] \[-R abc\] \[-l len\] \[-b buflen\] dir…

Continuously read log data from standard input, optionally filter log messages, and write the data to one or more automatically rotated logs

从标准输入中连续读取日志数据，可以选择过滤日志消息，并将数据写入一个或多个自动循环的日志中

### swapoff ###

swapoff \[-a\] \[DEVICE\]

Stop swapping on DEVICE

Options:

-a      Stop swapping on all swap devices

### swapon ###

swapon \[-a\] \[-p pri\] \[DEVICE\]

Start swapping on DEVICE

开始在DEVICE上交换

Options:

-a      Start swapping on all swap devices
        -p pri  Set swap device priority

### switch\_root ###

switch\_root \[-c /dev/console\] NEW\_ROOT NEW\_INIT \[ARGS\]

Free initramfs and switch to another root fs:

chroot to NEW\_ROOT, delete all in /, move NEW\_ROOT to /, execute NEW\_INIT. PID must be 1. NEW\_ROOT must be a mountpoint.

Options:

-c DEV  Reopen stdio to DEV after switch

### sync ###

sync 同步

Write all buffered blocks to disk

将所有缓冲的块写入磁盘

### sysctl ###

sysctl \[OPTIONS\] \[VALUE\]…

Configure kernel parameters at runtime

在运行时配置内核参数

Options:

-n      Don't print key names
        -e      Don't warn about unknown keys
        -w      Change sysctl setting
        -p FILE Load sysctl settings from FILE (default /etc/sysctl.conf)
        -a      Display all values
        -A      Display all values in table form

### syslogd ###

syslogd \[OPTIONS\]

System logging utility. Note that this version of syslogd ignores /etc/syslog.conf.

系统日志记录实用程序。请注意，此版本的syslogd会忽略/etc/syslog.conf。

Options:

-n              Run in foreground
        -O FILE         Log to given file (default:/var/log/messages)
        -l n            Set local log level
        -S              Smaller logging output
        -s SIZE         Max size (KB) before rotate (default:200KB, 0=off)
        -b NUM          Number of rotated logs to keep (default:1, max=99, 0=purge)
        -R HOST[:PORT]  Log to IP or hostname on PORT (default PORT=514/UDP)
        -L              Log locally and via network (default is network only if -R)
        -D              Drop duplicates
        -C[size(KiB)]   Log to shared mem buffer (read it using logread)

### tac ###

tac \[FILE\]…

Concatenate FILE(s) and print them in reverse

连接文件并反向打印

### tail ###

tail \[OPTIONS\] \[FILE\]…

Print last 10 lines of each FILE to standard output. With more than one FILE, precede each with a header giving the file name. With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.

将每个FILE的最后10行打印到标准输出。如果有多个FILE，则在每个文件之前都加上一个标头，以提供文件名。如果没有FILE，或者当FILE为-时，请读取标准输入。

Options:

-c N[kbm]       Output the last N bytes
        -n N[kbm]       Print last N lines instead of last 10
        -f              Output data as the file grows
        -q              Never output headers giving file names
        -s SEC          Wait SEC seconds between reads with -f
        -v              Always output headers giving file names

If the first character of N (bytes or lines) is a ‘+’, output begins with the Nth item from the start of each file, otherwise, print the last N items in the file. N bytes may be suffixed by k (x1024), b (x512), or m (1024^2).

### tar ###

tar -\[czjaZxtvO\] \[-X FILE\] \[-f TARFILE\] \[-C DIR\] \[FILE(s)\]…

Create, extract, or list files from a tar file

从tar文件创建，提取或列出文件

Options:

c       Create
        x       Extract
        t       List

Archive format selection:  
z Filter the archive through gzip  
j Filter the archive through bzip2  
a Filter the archive through lzma  
Z Filter the archive through compress  
File selection:  
f Name of TARFILE or “-” for stdin  
O Extract to stdout  
exclude File to exclude  
X File with names to exclude  
C Change to directory DIR before operation  
v Verbose

### taskset ###

taskset \[-p\] \[MASK\] \[PID | PROG \[ARGS\]\]

Set or get CPU affinity

设置或获取CPU关联

Options:

-p      Operate on an existing PID

### tcpsvd ###

tcpsvd \[-hEv\] \[-c N\] \[-C N\[:MSG\]\] \[-b N\] \[-u USER\] \[-l NAME\] IP PORT PROG

Create TCP socket, bind to IP:PORT and listen for incoming connection. Run PROG for each connection.

创建TCP套接字，绑定到IP：PORT并侦听传入的连接。为每个连接运行PROG。

IP              IP to listen on. '0' = all
        PORT            Port to listen on
        PROG [ARGS]     Program to run
        -l NAME         Local hostname (else looks up local hostname in DNS)
        -u USER[:GRP]   Change to user/group after bind
        -c N            Handle up to N connections simultaneously
        -b N            Allow a backlog of approximately N TCP SYNs
        -C N[:MSG]      Allow only up to N connections from the same IP
                        New connections from this IP address are closed
                        immediately. MSG is written to the peer before close
        -h              Look up peer's hostname
        -E              Do not set up environment variables
        -v              Verbose

### tee ###

tee \[OPTIONS\] \[FILE\]…

Copy standard input to each FILE, and also to standard output

将标准输入复制到每个FILE，也复制到标准输出

Options:

-a      Append to the given FILEs, do not overwrite
        -i      Ignore interrupt signals (SIGINT)

### telnet ###

telnet \[-a\] \[-l USER\] HOST \[PORT\]

Connect to telnet server

连接到telnet服务器

Options:

-a      Automatic login with $USER variable
        -l USER Automatic login as USER

### telnetd ###

telnetd \[OPTIONS\]

Handle incoming telnet connections

处理传入的telnet连接

Options:

-l LOGIN        Exec LOGIN on connect
        -f ISSUE_FILE   Display ISSUE_FILE instead of /etc/issue
        -K              Close connection as soon as login exits
                        (normally wait until all programs close slave pty)
        -p PORT         Port to listen on
        -b ADDR[:PORT]  Address to bind to
        -F              Run in foreground
        -i              Run as inetd service
        -w SEC          Run as inetd service in wait mode, linger time SEC
        -S              Log to syslog (implied by -i or without -F and -w)

### test ###

test EXPRESSION \]

Check file types, compare values etc. Return a 0/1 exit code depending on logical value of EXPRESSION

检查文件类型，比较值等。根据EXPRESSION的逻辑值返回0/1退出代码

### tftp ###

tftp \[OPTIONS\] HOST \[PORT\]

Transfer a file from/to tftp server

从/向tftp服务器传输文件

Options:

-l FILE Local FILE
        -r FILE Remote FILE
        -g      Get file
        -p      Put file
        -b SIZE Transfer blocks of SIZE octets

### tftpd ###

tftpd \[-cr\] \[-u USER\] \[DIR\]

Transfer a file on tftp client’s request

根据tftp客户端的请求传输文件

tftpd should be used as an inetd service. tftpd’s line for inetd.conf: 69 dgram udp nowait root tftpd tftpd /files/to/serve It also can be ran from udpsvd:

udpsvd -vE 0.0.0.0 69 tftpd /files/to/serve

Options:

-r      Prohibit upload
        -c      Allow file creation via upload
        -u      Access files as USER

### time ###

time \[OPTIONS\] PROG \[ARGS\]

Run PROG. When it finishes, its resource usage is displayed.

运行PROG。完成后，将显示其资源使用情况。

Options:

-v      Verbose

### timeout ###

timeout \[-t SECS\] \[-s SIG\] PROG \[ARGS\]

Runs PROG. Sends SIG to it if it is not gone in SECS seconds. Defaults: SECS: 10, SIG: TERM.

运行PROG。如果未在SECS秒内消失，则将SIG发送给它。默认值：SECS：10，SIG：TERM。

### top ###

top \[-b\] \[-nCOUNT\] \[-dSECONDS\] \[-m\]

Provide a view of process activity in real time. Read the status of all processes from /proc each SECONDS and show the status for however many processes will fit on the screen.

### touch ###

touch \[-c\] \[-d DATE\] FILE \[FILE\]…

Update the last-modified date on the given FILE\[s\]

更新给定FILE的上次修改日期

Options:

-c      Do not create files
        -d DT   Date/time to use

### tr ###

tr \[-cds\] STRING1 \[STRING2\]

Translate, squeeze, and/or delete characters from standard input, writing to standard output

翻译，压缩和/或删除标准输入中的字符，写入标准输出

Options:

-c      Take complement of STRING1
        -d      Delete input characters coded STRING1
        -s      Squeeze multiple output characters of STRING2 into one character

### traceroute ###

traceroute \[-FIldnrv\] \[-f 1st\_ttl\] \[-m max\_ttl\] \[-p port\#\] \[-q nqueries\]  
\[-s src\_addr\] \[-t tos\] \[-w wait\] \[-g gateway\] \[-i iface\]  
\[-z pausemsecs\] HOST \[data size\]  
Trace the route to HOST

Options:

-F      Set the don't fragment bit
        -I      Use ICMP ECHO instead of UDP datagrams
        -l      Display the ttl value of the returned packet
        -d      Set SO_DEBUG options to socket
        -n      Print hop addresses numerically rather than symbolically
        -r      Bypass the normal routing tables and send directly to a host
        -v      Verbose
        -m max_ttl      Max time-to-live (max number of hops)
        -p port#        Base UDP port number used in probes
                        (default 33434)
        -q nqueries     Number of probes per 'ttl' (default 3)
        -s src_addr     IP address to use as the source address
        -t tos          Type-of-service in probe packets (default 0)
        -w wait         Time in seconds to wait for a response
                        (default 3 sec)
        -g              Loose source route gateway (8 max)

### true ###

true

Return an exit code of TRUE (0)

### tty ###

tty

Print file name of standard input’s terminal

打印标准输入终端的文件名

Options:

-s      Print nothing, only return exit status

### ttysize ###

ttysize \[w\] \[h\]

Print dimension(s) of standard input’s terminal, on error return 80x25

打印标准输入端子的尺寸，错误返回80x25

### udhcpc ###

udhcpc \[-Cfbnqtvo\] \[-c CID\] \[-V VCLS\] \[-H HOSTNAME\] \[-i INTERFACE\]  
\[-p pidfile\] \[-r IP\] \[-s script\] \[-O dhcp-option\]…  
\-V,–vendorclass=CLASSID Vendor class identifier  
\-i,–interface=INTERFACE Interface to use (default eth0)  
\-H,-h,–hostname=HOSTNAME Client hostname  
\-c,–clientid=CLIENTID Client identifier  
\-C,–clientid-none Suppress default client identifier  
\-p,–pidfile=file Create pidfile  
\-r,–request=IP IP address to request  
\-s,–script=file Run file at DHCP events (default /usr/share/udhcpc/default.script)  
\-t,–retries=N Send up to N request packets  
\-T,–timeout=N Try to get a lease for N seconds (default 3)  
\-A,–tryagain=N Wait N seconds (default 20) after failure  
\-O,–request-option=OPT Request DHCP option OPT (cumulative)  
\-o,–no-default-options Do not request any options (unless -O is also given)  
\-f,–foreground Run in foreground  
\-b,–background Background if lease is not immediately obtained  
\-S,–syslog Log to syslog too  
\-n,–now Exit with failure if lease is not immediately obtained  
\-q,–quit Quit after obtaining lease  
\-R,–release Release IP on quit  
\-a,–arping Use arping to validate offered address

### udhcpd ###

udhcpd \[-fS\] \[configfile\]

DHCP server

-f      Run in foreground
        -S      Log to syslog too

### udpsvd ###

udpsvd \[-hEv\] \[-c N\] \[-u USER\] \[-l NAME\] IP PORT PROG

Create UDP socket, bind to IP:PORT and wait for incoming packets. Run PROG for each packet, redirecting all further packets with same peer ip:port to it.

### umount ###

umount \[flags\] FILESYSTEM|DIRECTORY

Unmount file systems

卸载文件系统

Options:

-a      Unmount all file systems
        -r      Try to remount devices as read-only if mount is busy
        -l      Lazy umount (detach filesystem)
        -f      Force umount (i.e., unreachable NFS server)
        -d      Free loop device if it has been used

### uname ###

uname \[-amnrspv\]

Print system information

打印系统信息

Options:

-a      Print all
        -m      The machine (hardware) type
        -n      Hostname
        -r      OS release
        -s      OS name (default)
        -p      Processor type
        -v      OS version

### uncompress ###

uncompress \[-c\] \[-f\] \[name…\]

解压缩.Z文件

Uncompress .Z file\[s\]

Options:

-c      Extract to stdout
        -f      Overwrite an existing file

### unexpand ###

unexpand \[-f\]\[-a\]\[-t NUM\] \[FILE|-\]

Convert spaces to tabs, writing to standard output

将空格转换为制表符，写入标准输出

Options:

-a,--all        Convert all blanks
        -f,--first-only Convert only leading blanks
        -t,--tabs=N     Tabstops every N chars

### uniq ###

uniq \[-fscduw\]… \[INPUT \[OUTPUT\]\]

Discard duplicate lines

丢弃重复的行

Options:

-c      Prefix lines by the number of occurrences
        -d      Only print duplicate lines
        -u      Only print unique lines
        -f N    Skip first N fields
        -s N    Skip first N chars (after any skipped fields)
        -w N    Compare N characters in line

### unix2dos ###

unix2dos \[OPTION\] \[FILE\]

Convert FILE in-place from Unix to DOS format. When no file is given, use stdin/stdout.

Options:

-u      dos2unix
        -d      unix2dos

### unlzma ###

unlzma \[OPTIONS\] \[FILE\]

Uncompress FILE (or standard input if FILE is ‘-’ or omitted)

Options:

-c      Write to standard output
        -f      Force

### unlzop ###

unlzop \[-cfvCF\] \[FILE\]…

-c      Write to standard output
        -f      Force
        -v      Verbose
        -F      Don't store or verify checksum

### unzip ###

unzip \[-opts\[modifiers\]\] file\[.zip\] \[list\] \[-x xlist\] \[-d exdir\]

Extract files from ZIP archives

Options:

-l      List archive contents (with -q for short form)
        -n      Never overwrite existing files (default)
        -o      Overwrite files without prompting
        -p      Send output to stdout
        -q      Quiet
        -x      Exclude these files
        -d      Extract files into this directory

### uptime ###

uptime

Display the time since the last boot

### usleep ###

usleep N

Pause for N microseconds

### uudecode ###

uudecode \[-o outfile\] \[infile\]

Uudecode a file Finds outfile name in uuencoded source unless -o is given

### uuencode ###

uuencode \[-m\] \[infile\] stored\_filename

Uuencode a file to stdout

Options:

-m      Use base64 encoding per RFC1521

### vconfig ###

vconfig COMMAND \[OPTIONS\]

Create and remove virtual ethernet devices

Options:

add             [interface-name] [vlan_id]
        rem             [vlan-name]
        set_flag        [interface-name] [flag-num] [0 | 1]
        set_egress_map  [vlan-name] [skb_priority] [vlan_qos]
        set_ingress_map [vlan-name] [skb_priority] [vlan_qos]
        set_name_type   [name-type]

### vi ###

vi \[OPTIONS\] \[FILE\]…

Edit FILE

Options:

-c      Initial command to run ($EXINIT also available)
        -R      Read-only - do not write to the file
        -H      Short help regarding available features

### vlock ###

vlock \[OPTIONS\]

Lock a virtual terminal. A password is required to unlock.

Options:

-a      Lock all VTs

### volname ###

volname \[DEVICE\]

Show CD volume name of the DEVICE (default /dev/cdrom)

### watch ###

watch \[-n seconds\] \[-t\] PROG \[ARGS\]

Run PROG periodically

Options:

-n      Loop period in seconds (default 2)
        -t      Don't print header

### watchdog ###

watchdog \[-t N\[ms\]\] \[-T N\[ms\]\] \[-F\] DEV

Periodically write to watchdog device DEV

Options:

-T N    Reboot after N seconds if not reset (default 60)
        -t N    Reset every N seconds (default 30)
        -F      Run in foreground

Use 500ms to specify period in milliseconds

### wc ###

wc \[OPTIONS\] \[FILE\]…

Print line, word, and byte counts for each FILE, and a total line if more than one FILE is specified. With no FILE, read standard input.

Options:

-c      Print the byte counts
        -l      Print the newline counts
        -L      Print the length of the longest line
        -w      Print the word counts

### wget ###

Options:

-s      Spider mode - only check file existence
        -c      Continue retrieval of aborted transfer
        -q      Quiet
        -P      Set directory prefix to DIR
        -O      Save to filename ('-' for stdout)
        -U      Adjust 'User-Agent' field
        -Y      Use proxy ('on' or 'off')

### which ###

which \[COMMAND\]…

Locate a COMMAND

### who ###

who \[-a\]

Show who is logged on

Options:

-a      show all

### whoami ###

whoami

Print the user name associated with the current effective user id  
打印与当前有效用户 id 关联的用户名

# busybox whoami 
    root

### xargs ###

xargs \[OPTIONS\] \[PROG \[ARGS\]\]

Run PROG on every item given by standard input  
对标准输入给出的每个项目运行 PROG

Options:

-p      Ask user whether to run each command
        -r      Do not run command if input is empty
        -0      Input is separated by NUL characters
        -t      Print the command on stderr before execution
        -e[STR] STR stops input processing
        -n N    Pass no more than N args to PROG
        -s N    Pass command line of no more than N bytes
        -x      Exit if size is exceeded

### yes ###

yes \[OPTIONS\] \[STRING\]

Repeatedly output a line with STRING, or ‘y’

### zcat ###

zcat FILE

Uncompress to stdout

### zcip ###

zcip \[OPTIONS\] IFACE SCRIPT

Manage a ZeroConf IPv4 link-local address

Options:

-f              Run in foreground
        -q              Quit after obtaining address
        -r 169.254.x.x  Request this address first
        -v              Verbose

With no -q, runs continuously monitoring for ARP conflicts, exits only on I/O errors (link down etc)