快速联系Android,显示快速联系标志 | Android 开发者 | Android Developers

浅浅的花香味﹌ 2022-10-05 15:54 197阅读 0赞

本课介绍了如何将

这张缩略图充当控件；当用户点击这张图像时，

大图像

大图像与相应的联系人相关；如果没有可用图像，则为占位符图像。应用图标

可由内置应用处理的每条详细数据对应的应用图标。例如，如果联系人的详细信息中包含一个或多个电子邮件地址，则会出现电子邮件图标。当用户点击该图标时，会看到该联系人的所有电子邮件地址。当用户点击其中一个地址时，对应的电子邮件应用会显示一个屏幕，供用户撰写要发送到所选电子邮件地址的邮件。

通过

添加 QuickContactBadge 视图

如需添加 元素。例如：

android:layout\_width="match\_parent"

android:layout\_height="match\_parent">

...

android:id=@+id/quickbadge

android:layout\_height="wrap\_content"

android:layout\_width="wrap\_content"

android:scaleType="centerCrop"/>

...

检索提供程序数据

如需在

对于 Android 3.0(API 级别 11)及更高版本，在映射中添加以下列：

对于 Android 2.3.3(API 级别 10)及更低版本，使用以下列：

本课的其余部分假定您已加载一个 检索联系人列表课程。

设置联系人 URI 和缩略图

添加了必要的列之后，您可以将数据绑定到

设置联系人 URI

Kotlin

// The Cursor that contains contact rows

var mCursor: Cursor? = null

// The index of the \_ID column in the Cursor

var idColumn: Int = 0

// The index of the LOOKUP\_KEY column in the Cursor

var lookupKeyColumn: Int = 0

// A content URI for the desired contact

var contactUri: Uri? = null

// A handle to the QuickContactBadge view

lateinit var mBadge: QuickContactBadge

...

mBadge = findViewById(R.id.quickbadge)

mCursor?.let \{ cursor ->

/\*

\* Insert code here to move to the desired cursor row

\*/

// Gets the \_ID column index

idColumn = cursor.getColumnIndex(ContactsContract.Contacts.\_ID)

// Gets the LOOKUP\_KEY index

lookupKeyColumn = cursor.getColumnIndex(ContactsContract.Contacts.LOOKUP\_KEY)

// Gets a content URI for the contact

contactUri = ContactsContract.Contacts.getLookupUri(

cursor.getLong(idColumn),

cursor.getString(lookupKeyColumn)

)

mBadge.assignContactUri(contactUri)

\}Java

// The Cursor that contains contact rows

Cursor mCursor;

// The index of the \_ID column in the Cursor

int idColumn;

// The index of the LOOKUP\_KEY column in the Cursor

int lookupKeyColumn;

// A content URI for the desired contact

Uri contactUri;

// A handle to the QuickContactBadge view

QuickContactBadge mBadge;

...

mBadge = (QuickContactBadge) findViewById(R.id.quickbadge);

/\*

\* Insert code here to move to the desired cursor row

\*/

// Gets the \_ID column index

idColumn = mCursor.getColumnIndex(ContactsContract.Contacts.\_ID);

// Gets the LOOKUP\_KEY index

lookupKeyColumn = mCursor.getColumnIndex(ContactsContract.Contacts.LOOKUP\_KEY);

// Gets a content URI for the contact

contactUri =

Contacts.getLookupUri(

mCursor.getLong(idColumn),

mCursor.getString(lookupKeyColumn)

);

mBadge.assignContactUri(contactUri);

当用户点击

设置照片缩略图

为

注意：3.0 之前的平台版本中没有

Kotlin

// The column in which to find the thumbnail ID

var thumbnailColumn: Int = 0

/\*

\* The thumbnail URI, expressed as a String.

\* Contacts Provider stores URIs as String values.

\*/

var thumbnailUri: String? = null

...

mCursor?.let \{ cursor ->

/\*

\* Gets the photo thumbnail column index if

\* platform version >= Honeycomb

\*/

thumbnailColumn = if (Build.VERSION.SDK\_INT >= Build.VERSION\_CODES.HONEYCOMB) \{

cursor.getColumnIndex(ContactsContract.Contacts.PHOTO\_THUMBNAIL\_URI)

// Otherwise, sets the thumbnail column to the \_ID column

\} else \{

idColumn

/\*

\* Assuming the current Cursor position is the contact you want,

\* gets the thumbnail ID

\*/

thumbnailUri = cursor.getString(thumbnailColumn)

\}Java

// The column in which to find the thumbnail ID

int thumbnailColumn;

/\*

\* The thumbnail URI, expressed as a String.

\* Contacts Provider stores URIs as String values.

\*/

String thumbnailUri;

...

/\*

\* Gets the photo thumbnail column index if

\* platform version >= Honeycomb

\*/

if (Build.VERSION.SDK\_INT >= Build.VERSION\_CODES.HONEYCOMB) \{

thumbnailColumn =

cursor.getColumnIndex(ContactsContract.Contacts.PHOTO\_THUMBNAIL\_URI);

// Otherwise, sets the thumbnail column to the \_ID column

\} else \{

thumbnailColumn = idColumn;

/\*

\* Assuming the current Cursor position is the contact you want,

\* gets the thumbnail ID

\*/

thumbnailUri = cursor.getString(thumbnailColumn);

...

定义一种方法，用于获取与联系人照片相关的数据以及目标视图的尺寸，并以

Kotlin

/\*\*

\* Load a contact photo thumbnail and return it as a Bitmap,

\* resizing the image to the provided image dimensions as needed.

\* @param photoData photo ID Prior to Honeycomb, the contact's \_ID value.

\* For Honeycomb and later, the value of PHOTO\_THUMBNAIL\_URI.

\* @return A thumbnail Bitmap, sized to the provided width and height.

\* Returns null if the thumbnail is not found.

\*/

private fun loadContactPhotoThumbnail(photoData: String): Bitmap? \{

// Creates an asset file descriptor for the thumbnail file.

var afd: AssetFileDescriptor? = null

// try-catch block for file not found

try \{

// Creates a holder for the URI.

val thumbUri: Uri = if (Build.VERSION.SDK\_INT >= Build.VERSION\_CODES.HONEYCOMB) \{

// If Android 3.0 or later

// Sets the URI from the incoming PHOTO\_THUMBNAIL\_URI

Uri.parse(photoData)

\} else \{

// Prior to Android 3.0, constructs a photo Uri using \_ID

/\*

\* Creates a contact URI from the Contacts content URI

\* incoming photoData (\_ID)

\*/

val contactUri: Uri =

Uri.withAppendedPath(ContactsContract.Contacts.CONTENT\_URI, photoData)

/\*

\* Creates a photo URI by appending the content URI of

\* Contacts.Photo.

\*/

Uri.withAppendedPath(contactUri, ContactsContract.Contacts.Photo.CONTENT\_DIRECTORY)

/\*

\* Retrieves an AssetFileDescriptor object for the thumbnail

\* URI

\* using ContentResolver.openAssetFileDescriptor

\*/

afd = activity?.contentResolver?.openAssetFileDescriptor(thumbUri, "r")

/\*

\* Gets a file descriptor from the asset file descriptor.

\* This object can be used across processes.

\*/

return afd?.fileDescriptor?.let \{fileDescriptor ->

// Decode the photo file and return the result as a Bitmap

// If the file descriptor is valid

BitmapFactory.decodeFileDescriptor(fileDescriptor, null, null)

\} catch (e: FileNotFoundException) \{

/\*

\* Handle file not found errors

\*/

null

\} finally \{

// In all cases, close the asset file descriptor

try \{

afd?.close()

\} catch (e: IOException) \{

\}Java

/\*\*

\* Load a contact photo thumbnail and return it as a Bitmap,

\* resizing the image to the provided image dimensions as needed.

\* @param photoData photo ID Prior to Honeycomb, the contact's \_ID value.

\* For Honeycomb and later, the value of PHOTO\_THUMBNAIL\_URI.

\* @return A thumbnail Bitmap, sized to the provided width and height.

\* Returns null if the thumbnail is not found.

\*/

private Bitmap loadContactPhotoThumbnail(String photoData) \{

// Creates an asset file descriptor for the thumbnail file.

AssetFileDescriptor afd = null;

// try-catch block for file not found

try \{

// Creates a holder for the URI.

Uri thumbUri;

// If Android 3.0 or later

if (Build.VERSION.SDK\_INT

Build.VERSION\_CODES.HONEYCOMB) \{

// Sets the URI from the incoming PHOTO\_THUMBNAIL\_URI

thumbUri = Uri.parse(photoData);

\} else \{

// Prior to Android 3.0, constructs a photo Uri using \_ID

/\*

\* Creates a contact URI from the Contacts content URI

\* incoming photoData (\_ID)

\*/

final Uri contactUri = Uri.withAppendedPath(

ContactsContract.Contacts.CONTENT\_URI, photoData);

/\*

\* Creates a photo URI by appending the content URI of

\* Contacts.Photo.

\*/

thumbUri =

Uri.withAppendedPath(

contactUri, ContactsContract.Contacts.Photo.CONTENT\_DIRECTORY);

/\*

\* Retrieves an AssetFileDescriptor object for the thumbnail

\* URI

\* using ContentResolver.openAssetFileDescriptor

\*/

afd = getActivity().getContentResolver().

openAssetFileDescriptor(thumbUri, "r");

/\*

\* Gets a file descriptor from the asset file descriptor.

\* This object can be used across processes.

\*/

FileDescriptor fileDescriptor = afd.getFileDescriptor();

// Decode the photo file and return the result as a Bitmap

// If the file descriptor is valid

if (fileDescriptor != null) \{

// Decodes the bitmap

return BitmapFactory.decodeFileDescriptor(

fileDescriptor, null, null);

// If the file isn't found

\} catch (FileNotFoundException e) \{

/\*

\* Handle file not found errors

\*/

// In all cases, close the asset file descriptor

\} finally \{

if (afd != null) \{

try \{

afd.close();

\} catch (IOException e) \{\}

return null;

在代码中调用 loadContactPhotoThumbnail() 方法以获取缩略图

Kotlin

...

/\*

\* Decodes the thumbnail file to a Bitmap.

\*/

mThumbnailUri?.also \{ thumbnailUri ->

loadContactPhotoThumbnail(thumbnailUri).also \{ thumbnail ->

/\*

\* Sets the image in the QuickContactBadge

\* QuickContactBadge inherits from ImageView, so

\*/

badge.setImageBitmap(thumbnail)

\}Java

...

/\*

\* Decodes the thumbnail file to a Bitmap.

\*/

Bitmap mThumbnail =

loadContactPhotoThumbnail(thumbnailUri);

/\*

\* Sets the image in the QuickContactBadge

\* QuickContactBadge inherits from ImageView, so

\*/

badge.setImageBitmap(mThumbnail);

将 QuickContactBadge 添加到 ListView

添加 QuickContactBadge 元素

首先，将

android:layout\_width="match\_parent"

android:layout\_height="wrap\_content">

android:id="@+id/quickcontact"

android:layout\_height="wrap\_content"

android:layout\_width="wrap\_content"

android:scaleType="centerCrop"/>

android:layout\_width="match\_parent"

android:layout\_height="wrap\_content"

android:layout\_toRightOf="@+id/quickcontact"

android:gravity="center\_vertical"

android:layout\_alignParentRight="true"

android:layout\_alignParentTop="true"/>

在以下各部分内容中，此文件称为 contact\_item\_layout.xml。

设置自定义 CursorAdapter

您定义的

扩充一个新的

您必须替换此方法，才能获取各个子

将数据从当前的

以下代码段举例说明了

定义自定义列表适配器

Kotlin

/\*\*

\* Defines a class that hold resource IDs of each item layout

\* row to prevent having to look them up each time data is

\* bound to a row.

\*/

private data class ViewHolder(

internal var displayname: TextView? = null,

internal var quickcontact: QuickContactBadge? = null

)

/\*\*

\*/

private inner class ContactsAdapter(

context: Context,

val inflater: LayoutInflater = LayoutInflater.from(context)

) : CursorAdapter(context, null, 0) \{

...

override fun newView(

context: Context,

cursor: Cursor,

viewGroup: ViewGroup

): View \{

/\* Inflates the item layout. Stores resource IDs in a

\* in a ViewHolder class to prevent having to look

\* them up each time bindView() is called.

\*/

return inflater.inflate(

R.layout.contact\_list\_layout,

viewGroup,

false

).also \{ view ->

view.tag = ViewHolder().apply \{

displayname = view.findViewById(R.id.displayname)

quickcontact = view.findViewById(R.id.quickcontact)

...

override fun bindView(view: View?, context: Context?, cursor: Cursor?) \{

(view?.tag as? ViewHolder)?.also \{ holder ->

cursor?.apply \{

...

// Sets the display name in the layout

holder.displayname?.text = getString(displayNameIndex)

...

/\*

\* Generates a contact URI for the QuickContactBadge.

\*/

ContactsContract.Contacts.getLookupUri(

getLong(idIndex),

cursor.getString(lookupKeyIndex)

).also \{ contactUri ->

holder.quickcontact?.assignContactUri(contactUri)

getString(photoDataIndex)?.also \{photoData ->

/\*

\* Decodes the thumbnail file to a Bitmap.

\* The method loadContactPhotoThumbnail() is defined

\* in the section "Set the Contact URI and Thumbnail"

\*/

loadContactPhotoThumbnail(photoData)?.also \{ thumbnailBitmap ->

/\*

\* Sets the image in the QuickContactBadge

\* QuickContactBadge inherits from ImageView

\*/

holder.quickcontact?.setImageBitmap(thumbnailBitmap)

\}Java

private class ContactsAdapter extends CursorAdapter \{

private LayoutInflater mInflater;

...

public ContactsAdapter(Context context) \{

super(context, null, 0);

/\*

\* Gets an inflater that can instantiate

\* the ListView layout from the file.

\*/

mInflater = LayoutInflater.from(context);

...

/\*\*

\* Defines a class that hold resource IDs of each item layout

\* row to prevent having to look them up each time data is

\* bound to a row.

\*/

private class ViewHolder \{

TextView displayname;

QuickContactBadge quickcontact;

...

@Override

public View newView(

Context context,

Cursor cursor,

ViewGroup viewGroup) \{

/\* Inflates the item layout. Stores resource IDs in a

\* in a ViewHolder class to prevent having to look

\* them up each time bindView() is called.

\*/

final View itemView =

mInflater.inflate(

R.layout.contact\_list\_layout,

viewGroup,

false

);

final ViewHolder holder = new ViewHolder();

holder.displayname =

(TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.displayname);

holder.quickcontact =

(QuickContactBadge)

view.findViewById(R.id.quickcontact);

view.setTag(holder);

return view;

...

@Override

public void bindView(

View view,

Context context,

Cursor cursor) \{

final ViewHolder holder = (ViewHolder) view.getTag();

final String photoData =

cursor.getString(photoDataIndex);

final String displayName =

cursor.getString(displayNameIndex);

...

// Sets the display name in the layout

holder.displayname = cursor.getString(displayNameIndex);

...

/\*

\* Generates a contact URI for the QuickContactBadge.

\*/

final Uri contactUri = Contacts.getLookupUri(

cursor.getLong(idIndex),

cursor.getString(lookupKeyIndex));

holder.quickcontact.assignContactUri(contactUri);

String photoData = cursor.getString(photoDataIndex);

/\*

\* Decodes the thumbnail file to a Bitmap.

\* The method loadContactPhotoThumbnail() is defined

\* in the section "Set the Contact URI and Thumbnail"

\*/

Bitmap thumbnailBitmap =

loadContactPhotoThumbnail(photoData);

/\*

\* Sets the image in the QuickContactBadge

\* QuickContactBadge inherits from ImageView

\*/

holder.quickcontact.setImageBitmap(thumbnailBitmap);

设置变量

在您的代码中设置变量，包括内含必要列的

注意：以下代码段使用方法 loadContactPhotoThumbnail()，该方法是在设置联系人 URI 和缩略图部分中定义的

例如：

Kotlin

/\*

\* Defines a projection based on platform version. This ensures

\* that you retrieve the correct columns.

\*/

private val PROJECTION: Array = arrayOf(

ContactsContract.Contacts.\_ID,

ContactsContract.Contacts.LOOKUP\_KEY,

if (Build.VERSION.SDK\_INT >= Build.VERSION\_CODES.HONEYCOMB) \{

ContactsContract.Contacts.DISPLAY\_NAME\_PRIMARY

\} else \{

ContactsContract.Contacts.DISPLAY\_NAME

\},

if (Build.VERSION.SDK\_INT >= Build.VERSION\_CODES.HONEYCOMB) \{

ContactsContract.Contacts.PHOTO\_FILE\_ID

\} else \{

/\*

\* Although it's not necessary to include the

\* column twice, this keeps the number of

\* columns the same regardless of version

\*/

ContactsContract.Contacts.\_ID

)

...

class ContactsFragment : Fragment(), LoaderManager.LoaderCallbacks \{

...

// Defines a ListView

private val listView: ListView? = null

// Defines a ContactsAdapter

private val adapter: ContactsAdapter? = null

...

// Defines a Cursor to contain the retrieved data

private val cursor: Cursor? = null

/\*

\* As a shortcut, defines constants for the

\* column indexes in the Cursor. The index is

\* 0-based and always matches the column order

\* in the projection.

\*/

// Column index of the \_ID column

private val idIndex = 0

// Column index of the LOOKUP\_KEY column

private val lookupKeyIndex = 1

// Column index of the display name column

private val displayNameIndex = 3

/\*

\* Column index of the photo data column.

\* It's PHOTO\_THUMBNAIL\_URI for Honeycomb and later,

\* and \_ID for previous versions.

\*/

private val photoDataIndex: Int =

if (Build.VERSION.SDK\_INT >= Build.VERSION\_CODES.HONEYCOMB) 3 else 0

...Java

public class ContactsFragment extends Fragment implements

LoaderManager.LoaderCallbacks \{

...

// Defines a ListView

private ListView listView;

// Defines a ContactsAdapter

private ContactsAdapter adapter;

...

// Defines a Cursor to contain the retrieved data

private Cursor cursor;

/\*

\* Defines a projection based on platform version. This ensures

\* that you retrieve the correct columns.

\*/

private static final String\[\] PROJECTION =

ContactsContract.Contacts.\_ID,

ContactsContract.Contacts.LOOKUP\_KEY,

(Build.VERSION.SDK\_INT >=

Build.VERSION\_CODES.HONEYCOMB) ?

ContactsContract.Contacts.DISPLAY\_NAME\_PRIMARY :

ContactsContract.Contacts.DISPLAY\_NAME

(Build.VERSION.SDK\_INT >=

Build.VERSION\_CODES.HONEYCOMB) ?

ContactsContract.Contacts.PHOTO\_FILE\_ID :

/\*

\* Although it's not necessary to include the

\* column twice, this keeps the number of

\* columns the same regardless of version

\*/

ContactsContract.Contacts.\_ID

\};

/\*

\* As a shortcut, defines constants for the

\* column indexes in the Cursor. The index is

\* 0-based and always matches the column order

\* in the projection.

\*/

// Column index of the \_ID column

private int idIndex = 0;

// Column index of the LOOKUP\_KEY column

private int lookupKeyIndex = 1;

// Column index of the display name column

private int displayNameIndex = 3;

/\*

\* Column index of the photo data column.

\* It's PHOTO\_THUMBNAIL\_URI for Honeycomb and later,

\* and \_ID for previous versions.

\*/

private int photoDataIndex =

Build.VERSION.SDK\_INT >= Build.VERSION\_CODES.HONEYCOMB ?

3 :

...

设置 ListView

Kotlin

override fun onCreateView(

inflater: LayoutInflater,

container: ViewGroup?,

savedInstanceState: Bundle?

): View? \{

return inflater.inflate(...).let \{ view ->

...

/\*

\* Gets a handle to the ListView in the file

\* contact\_list\_layout.xml

\*/

listView = view.findViewById(R.id.contact\_list)

mAdapter?.also \{

listView?.adapter = it

...

...Java

@Override

public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater,

ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) \{

View view = inflater.inflate(...)

...

/\*

\* Gets a handle to the ListView in the file

\* contact\_list\_layout.xml

\*/

listView = (ListView) view.findViewById(R.id.contact\_list\_view);

if (listView != null && adapter != null) \{

listView.setAdapter(adapter);

...

在 ContactsAdapter 绑定到

Kotlin

override fun onViewCreated(view: View, savedInstanceState: Bundle?) \{

super.onViewCreated(view, savedInstanceState)

/\*

\* Instantiates the subclass of

\* CursorAdapter

\*/

mAdapter = activity?.let \{

ContactsAdapter(it).also \{ adapter ->

// Sets up the adapter for the ListView

listView?.adapter = adapter

\}Java

@Override

public void onViewCreated(@NonNull View view, @Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) \{

...

/\*

\* Instantiates the subclass of

\* CursorAdapter

\*/

mAdapter = new ContactsAdapter(getActivity());

// Sets up the adapter for the ListView

if (listView != null && mAdapter != null) \{

listView.setAdapter(mAdapter);

...

Kotlin

override fun onLoadFinished(loader: Loader, cursor: Cursor) \{

// When the loader has completed, swap the cursor into the adapter.

mAdapter?.swapCursor(cursor)

\}Java

public void onLoadFinished(Loader loader, Cursor cursor) \{

// When the loader has completed, swap the cursor into the adapter.

mAdapter.swapCursor(cursor);

Kotlin

override fun onLoaderReset(loader: Loader) \{

// Removes remaining reference to the previous Cursor

adapter?.swapCursor(null)

\}Java

@Override

public void onLoaderReset(Loader loader) \{

// Removes remaining reference to the previous Cursor

adapter.swapCursor(null);

快速联系Android,显示快速联系标志 | Android 开发者 | Android Developers

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