Winform中使用MQTTnet实现MQTT的服务端和客户端之间的通信以及将订阅的消息保存到文件

绝地灬酷狼 2022-10-05 13:49 281阅读 0赞

# 场景 #

## MQTT ##

MQTT（Message Queuing Telemetry Transport，消息队列遥测传输协议），是一种基于发布/订阅（publish/subscribe）模式的"轻量级"通讯协议，该协议构建于TCP/IP协议上，由IBM在1999年发布。MQTT最大优点在于，可以以极少的代码和有限的带宽，为连接远程设备提供实时可靠的消息服务。作为一种低开销、低带宽占用的即时通讯协议，使其在物联网、小型设备、移动应用等方面有较广泛的应用。

MQTT是一个基于客户端-服务器的消息发布/订阅传输协议。MQTT协议是轻量、简单、开放和易于实现的，这些特点使它适用范围非常广泛。在很多情况下，包括受限的环境中，如：机器与机器（M2M）通信和物联网（IoT）。其在，通过卫星链路通信传感器、偶尔拨号的医疗设备、智能家居、及一些小型化设备中已广泛使用。

## MQTTnet ##

MQTTnet 是一个基于 MQTT 通信的高性能 .NET 开源库，它同时支持 MQTT 服务器端和客户端。

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# 实现 #

打开VS,新建mqtt的服务端项目

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L0JBREFPX0xJVU1BTkdfUUlaSEk_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70][]

选择将解决方案和项目放在同一个目录下

然后选择新建控制台应用程序，并且选择目标框架为.NET Core3.1

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L0JBREFPX0xJVU1BTkdfUUlaSEk_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1][]

然后在此解决方案下右击新建项目

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L0JBREFPX0xJVU1BTkdfUUlaSEk_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2][]

新建Winform项目，作为Mqtt的客户端

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L0JBREFPX0xJVU1BTkdfUUlaSEk_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3][]

然后在解决方案上右击选择-管理解决方案的Nuget 程序包

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L0JBREFPX0xJVU1BTkdfUUlaSEk_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4][]

然后在浏览中搜索MQTTnet,右边勾选需要添加依赖的项目，这里客户端和服务端都需要添加。然后下面选择指定版本，这里是2.4.0，点击安装

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L0JBREFPX0xJVU1BTkdfUUlaSEk_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 5][]

安装过程中会提示预览更改，点击确定，以及会提示接受协议。

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L0JBREFPX0xJVU1BTkdfUUlaSEk_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 6][]

安装成功后，就可以在项目下看到依赖项

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L0JBREFPX0xJVU1BTkdfUUlaSEk_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 7][]

然后编写服务端的代码，打开Program.cs,修改如下

using System;
    using MQTTnet;
    using MQTTnet.Core.Adapter;
    using MQTTnet.Core.Diagnostics;
    using MQTTnet.Core.Protocol;
    using MQTTnet.Core.Server;
    using System.Text;
    using System.Threading;
    
    namespace MqttnetServer
    {
        class Program
        {
            //MQtt服务端
            private static MqttServer mqttServer = null;
            static void Main(string[] args)
            {
                //MQTTnet 提供了一个静态类 MqttNetTrace 来对消息进行跟踪
                //MqttNetTrace 的事件 TraceMessagePublished 用于跟踪服务端和客户端应用的日志消息，比如启动、停止、心跳、消息订阅和发布等
                MqttNetTrace.TraceMessagePublished += MqttNetTrace_TraceMessagePublished;
                //启动服务端
                new Thread(StartMqttServer).Start();
                while (true)
                {
                    //获取输入字符
                    var inputString = Console.ReadLine().ToLower().Trim();
                    //exit则停止服务
                    if (inputString == "exit")
                    {
                        mqttServer.StopAsync();
                        Console.WriteLine("MQTT服务已停止！");
                        break;
                    }
                    //clients则输出所有客户端
                    else if (inputString == "clients")
                    {
                        foreach (var item in mqttServer.GetConnectedClients())
                        {
                            Console.WriteLine($"客户端标识：{item.ClientId}，协议版本：{item.ProtocolVersion}");
                        }
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        Console.WriteLine($"命令[{inputString}]无效！");
                    }
                   
                }
            }
    
    
            //启动服务端
            private static void StartMqttServer()
            {
    
                if (mqttServer == null)
                {
                    try
                    {
                        //在 MqttServerOptions 选项中，你可以使用 ConnectionValidator 来对客户端连接进行验证。
                        //比如客户端ID标识 ClientId，用户名 Username 和密码 Password 等。
                        var options = new MqttServerOptions
                        {
                            ConnectionValidator = p =>
                            {
                                if (p.ClientId == "c001")
                                {
                                    if (p.Username != "u001" || p.Password != "p001")
                                    {
                                        return MqttConnectReturnCode.ConnectionRefusedBadUsernameOrPassword;
                                    }
                                }
                                return MqttConnectReturnCode.ConnectionAccepted;
                            }
                        };
                        //创建服务端最简单的方式是采用 MqttServerFactory 对象的 CreateMqttServer 方法来实现，该方法需要一个
                        //MqttServerOptions 参数。
                        mqttServer = new MqttServerFactory().CreateMqttServer(options) as MqttServer;
                        //服务端支持 ClientConnected、ClientDisconnected 和 ApplicationMessageReceived 事件，
                        //分别用来检查客户端连接、客户端断开以及接收客户端发来的消息。
                        //ApplicationMessageReceived 的事件参数包含了客户端ID标识 ClientId 和 MQTT 应用消息 MqttApplicationMessage 对象，
                        //通过该对象可以获取主题 Topic、QoS QualityOfServiceLevel 和消息内容 Payload 等信息
                        mqttServer.ApplicationMessageReceived += MqttServer_ApplicationMessageReceived;
                        //ClientConnected 和 ClientDisconnected 事件的事件参数一个客户端连接对象 ConnectedMqttClient
                        //通过该对象可以获取客户端ID标识 ClientId 和 MQTT 版本 ProtocolVersion。
                        mqttServer.ClientConnected += MqttServer_ClientConnected;
                        mqttServer.ClientDisconnected += MqttServer_ClientDisconnected;
                    }
                    catch (Exception ex)
                    {
                        Console.WriteLine(ex.Message); return;
                    }
                }
                //创建了一个 IMqttServer 对象后，调用其 StartAsync 方法即可启动 MQTT 服务
                mqttServer.StartAsync();
                Console.WriteLine("MQTT服务启动成功！");
            }
    
            //ClientConnected 和 ClientDisconnected 事件的事件参数一个客户端连接对象 ConnectedMqttClient
            //通过该对象可以获取客户端ID标识 ClientId 和 MQTT 版本 ProtocolVersion。
            private static void MqttServer_ClientConnected(object sender, MqttClientConnectedEventArgs e)
            {
                Console.WriteLine($"客户端[{e.Client.ClientId}]已连接，协议版本：{e.Client.ProtocolVersion}");
            }
    
            //ClientConnected 和 ClientDisconnected 事件的事件参数一个客户端连接对象 ConnectedMqttClient
            //通过该对象可以获取客户端ID标识 ClientId 和 MQTT 版本 ProtocolVersion。
            private static void MqttServer_ClientDisconnected(object sender, MqttClientDisconnectedEventArgs e)
            {
                Console.WriteLine($"客户端[{e.Client.ClientId}]已断开连接！");
            }
    
            //ApplicationMessageReceived 的事件参数包含了客户端ID标识 ClientId 和 MQTT 应用消息 MqttApplicationMessage 对象，
            //通过该对象可以获取主题 Topic、QoS QualityOfServiceLevel 和消息内容 Payload 等信息
            private static void MqttServer_ApplicationMessageReceived(object sender, MqttApplicationMessageReceivedEventArgs e)
            {
                Console.WriteLine($"客户端[{e.ClientId}]>> 主题：{e.ApplicationMessage.Topic} 负荷：{Encoding.UTF8.GetString(e.ApplicationMessage.Payload)} Qos：{e.ApplicationMessage.QualityOfServiceLevel} 保留：{e.ApplicationMessage.Retain}");
            }
    
            //事件参数 MqttNetTraceMessagePublishedEventArgs 包含了线程ID ThreadId、来源 Source、日志级别 Level、日志消息 Message、异常信息 Exception 等。
            //MqttNetTrace 类还提供了4个不同消息等级的静态方法，Verbose、Information、Warning 和 Error，
            //用于给出不同级别的日志消息，该消息将会在 TraceMessagePublished 事件中输出，
            //你可以使用 e.Level 进行过虑。
            private static void MqttNetTrace_TraceMessagePublished(object sender, MqttNetTraceMessagePublishedEventArgs e)
            {
                Console.WriteLine($">> 线程ID：{e.ThreadId} 来源：{e.Source} 跟踪级别：{e.Level} 消息: {e.Message}"); if (e.Exception != null) { Console.WriteLine(e.Exception); }
            }
        }
    }

然后启动服务端

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L0JBREFPX0xJVU1BTkdfUUlaSEk_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 8][]

然后修改客户端的窗体页面，添加如下控件布局

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L0JBREFPX0xJVU1BTkdfUUlaSEk_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 9][]

连接按钮的点击事件代码为

//连接到Mqtt服务器
            private void button_Connect_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
            {
                if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(textServerAddress.Text))
                {
                    MessageBox.Show("服务器地址不能为空");
                }
                else {
                    Task.Run(async () => {
                        await ConnectMqttServerAsync();
                    });
                }
            }

订阅并保存到文件按钮的点击事件为

//订阅主题按钮点击事件
            private void btnSubscribe_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
            {
                string topic = txtSubTopic.Text.Trim();
                if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(topic))
                {
                    MessageBox.Show("订阅主题不能为空！");
                    return;
                }
                if (!mqttClient.IsConnected)
                {
                    MessageBox.Show("MQTT客户端尚未连接！");
                    return;
                }
    
                //客户端连接到服务端之后，可以使用 SubscribeAsync 异步方法订阅消息，
                //该方法可以传入一个可枚举或可变参数的主题过滤器 TopicFilter 参数，主题过滤器包含主题名和 QoS 等级。
                mqttClient.SubscribeAsync(new List<TopicFilter> {
                          new TopicFilter(topic, MqttQualityOfServiceLevel.AtMostOnce)
                });
    
                txtReceiveMessage.AppendText($"已订阅[{topic}]主题" + Environment.NewLine);
    
            }

取消订阅按钮的点击事件为

//取消订阅按钮点击事件
            private void btn_cancle_sub_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
            {
                string topic = txtSubTopic.Text.Trim();
                mqttClient.UnsubscribeAsync(new List<String> {
                          topic
                });
            }

发布按钮的点击事件为

//发布主题
            private void button2_Click_1(object sender, EventArgs e)
            {
                string topic = txtPubTopic.Text.Trim();
                if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(topic))
                {
                    MessageBox.Show("发布主题不能为空！"); return;
                }
                string inputString = txtSendMessage.Text.Trim();
                //发布消息前需要先构建一个消息对象 MqttApplicationMessage，
                //最直接的方法是使用其实构造函数，传入主题、内容、Qos 等参数。
                var appMsg = new MqttApplicationMessage(topic, Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(inputString), MqttQualityOfServiceLevel.AtMostOnce, false);
                //得到 MqttApplicationMessage 消息对象后，
                //通过客户端对象调用其 PublishAsync 异步方法进行消息发布。
                mqttClient.PublishAsync(appMsg);
               
            }

完整客户端示例代码为

using MQTTnet;
    using MQTTnet.Core;
    using MQTTnet.Core.Client;
    using MQTTnet.Core.Packets;
    using MQTTnet.Core.Protocol;
    using System;
    using System.Collections.Generic;
    using System.IO;
    using System.Text;
    using System.Threading.Tasks;
    using System.Windows.Forms;
    
    namespace MqttnetClient
    {
        public partial class Form1 : Form
        {
            //MQTTk客户端
            private MqttClient mqttClient = null;
           
    
            public Form1()
            {
                InitializeComponent();
    
            }
    
            private async Task ConnectMqttServerAsync()
            {
                if (mqttClient == null)
                {
                    //使用 MQTTnet 创建 MQTT 也非常简单
                    //只需要使用 MqttClientFactory 对象的 CreateMqttClient 方法即可
                    mqttClient = new MqttClientFactory().CreateMqttClient() as MqttClient;
                    //客户端支持 Connected、Disconnected 和 ApplicationMessageReceived 事件，
                    //用来处理客户端与服务端连接、客户端从服务端断开以及客户端收到消息的事情。
                    mqttClient.ApplicationMessageReceived += MqttClient_ApplicationMessageReceived;
                    mqttClient.Connected += MqttClient_Connected;
                    mqttClient.Disconnected += MqttClient_Disconnected;
                }
                try
                {
                    //调用ConnectAsync方法时需要传递一个 MqttClientTcpOptions 对象
                    //选项包含了客户端ID标识 ClientId、服务端地址（可以使用IP地址或域名）Server、端口号 Port、
                    //用户名 UserName、密码 Password 等信息。
                    var options = new MqttClientTcpOptions { };
                    if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(textPort.Text))
                    {
                        options = new MqttClientTcpOptions
                        {
                            Server = textServerAddress.Text,
                            ClientId = Guid.NewGuid().ToString().Substring(0, 5),
                            UserName = textusername.Text,
                            Password = textpassword.Text,
                            Port = int.Parse(textPort.Text),
                            CleanSession = true
    
                        };
                    }
                    else {
                        options = new MqttClientTcpOptions
                        {
                            Server = textServerAddress.Text,
                            ClientId = Guid.NewGuid().ToString().Substring(0, 5),
                            UserName = textusername.Text,
                            Password = textpassword.Text,
                            CleanSession = true
    
                        };
                    }
    
                    //创建客户端对象后，调用其异步方法 ConnectAsync 来连接到服务端。
                    await mqttClient.ConnectAsync(options);
                }
                catch (Exception ex)
                {
                    Invoke((new Action(() =>
                    {
                        txtReceiveMessage.AppendText($"连接到MQTT服务器失败！" + Environment.NewLine + ex.Message + Environment.NewLine);
                    })));
                }
            }
    
            private void MqttClient_Connected(object sender, EventArgs e)
            {
                Invoke((new Action(() =>
                {
                    txtReceiveMessage.AppendText("已连接到MQTT服务器！" + Environment.NewLine);
                })));
            }
    
            private void MqttClient_Disconnected(object sender, EventArgs e)
            {
                Invoke((new Action(() =>
                {
                    txtReceiveMessage.AppendText("已断开MQTT连接！" + Environment.NewLine);
                })));
            }
    
    
            private void MqttClient_ApplicationMessageReceived(object sender, MqttApplicationMessageReceivedEventArgs e)
            {
                Invoke((new Action(() =>
                {
                    txtReceiveMessage.AppendText($">> {Encoding.UTF8.GetString(e.ApplicationMessage.Payload)}{Environment.NewLine}");
                    //将收到的消息追加到相对路径record.txt文件
                    if (!File.Exists("record.txt"))
                    {
                        File.Create("record.txt");
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        File.AppendAllText("record.txt", "\r\n");
                        File.AppendAllText("record.txt", Encoding.Default.GetString(e.ApplicationMessage.Payload));
                    }
                })));
    
            }
    
    
            //订阅主题按钮点击事件
            private void btnSubscribe_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
            {
                string topic = txtSubTopic.Text.Trim();
                if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(topic))
                {
                    MessageBox.Show("订阅主题不能为空！");
                    return;
                }
                if (!mqttClient.IsConnected)
                {
                    MessageBox.Show("MQTT客户端尚未连接！");
                    return;
                }
    
                //客户端连接到服务端之后，可以使用 SubscribeAsync 异步方法订阅消息，
                //该方法可以传入一个可枚举或可变参数的主题过滤器 TopicFilter 参数，主题过滤器包含主题名和 QoS 等级。
                mqttClient.SubscribeAsync(new List<TopicFilter> {
                          new TopicFilter(topic, MqttQualityOfServiceLevel.AtMostOnce)
                });
    
                txtReceiveMessage.AppendText($"已订阅[{topic}]主题" + Environment.NewLine);
    
            }
    
            //发布主题
            private void button2_Click_1(object sender, EventArgs e)
            {
                string topic = txtPubTopic.Text.Trim();
                if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(topic))
                {
                    MessageBox.Show("发布主题不能为空！"); return;
                }
                string inputString = txtSendMessage.Text.Trim();
                //发布消息前需要先构建一个消息对象 MqttApplicationMessage，
                //最直接的方法是使用其实构造函数，传入主题、内容、Qos 等参数。
                var appMsg = new MqttApplicationMessage(topic, Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(inputString), MqttQualityOfServiceLevel.AtMostOnce, false);
                //得到 MqttApplicationMessage 消息对象后，
                //通过客户端对象调用其 PublishAsync 异步方法进行消息发布。
                mqttClient.PublishAsync(appMsg);
               
            }
    
            //连接到Mqtt服务器
            private void button_Connect_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
            {
                if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(textServerAddress.Text))
                {
                    MessageBox.Show("服务器地址不能为空");
                }
                else {
                    Task.Run(async () => {
                        await ConnectMqttServerAsync();
                    });
                }
            }
    
            //取消订阅按钮点击事件
            private void btn_cancle_sub_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
            {
                string topic = txtSubTopic.Text.Trim();
                mqttClient.UnsubscribeAsync(new List<String> {
                          topic
                });
            }
    
        }
    }

运行客户端

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L0JBREFPX0xJVU1BTkdfUUlaSEk_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 10][]

这里服务器地址就是本机地址，端口或者用户名和密码根据自己需要

然后就可以进行主题的订阅和发布了

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L0JBREFPX0xJVU1BTkdfUUlaSEk_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 11][]

然后在客户端bin目录下找到record.txt,可以看到追加到文件成功。

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L0JBREFPX0xJVU1BTkdfUUlaSEk_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 12][]

## 示例代码下载 ##

[https://download.csdn.net/download/BADAO\_LIUMANG\_QIZHI/19431291][https_download.csdn.net_download_BADAO_LIUMANG_QIZHI_19431291]

参考文章：

[https://www.cnblogs.com/kuige/articles/7724786.html][https_www.cnblogs.com_kuige_articles_7724786.html]

[https_blog.csdn.net_badao_liumang_qizhi]: https://blog.csdn.net/badao_liumang_qizhi
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[https_download.csdn.net_download_BADAO_LIUMANG_QIZHI_19431291]: https://download.csdn.net/download/BADAO_LIUMANG_QIZHI/19431291
[https_www.cnblogs.com_kuige_articles_7724786.html]: https://www.cnblogs.com/kuige/articles/7724786.html