Postman 基本操作学习

川长思鸟来 2022-10-02 06:52 236阅读 0赞

[![clip\_image004\_thumb][clip_image004_thumb]][clip_image004_thumb_clip_image004_thumb]

### History ###

所有使用postman发送的request都会保存在这里。点击之后会在当前Tab打开。

参考： [Requests History][]

[![clip\_image005\_thumb][clip_image005_thumb]][clip_image005_thumb_clip_image005_thumb]

### Environments ###

这里用来设定当前request 发送时使用的环境，比如这里可以选择“Cooper-Remote.template”或者“header\_encode\_style”或者“test\_demo”，还可以选择“No Environment”，表示当前request不使用任何环境。

环境其实就是多组 key-value 。环境可以被下载保存为JSON文件。也可以导入环境，比如CSV或者JSON文件。

参考：[Setting up an environment with variables][]

[Using environments to switch contexts][]

[![clip\_image007\_thumb][clip_image007_thumb]][clip_image007_thumb_clip_image007_thumb]

这里的环境其实就是一组key-value的集合。比如选择“Cooper-Remote.template”的话，URL以及Test等等都可以通过\{ \{url\}\}以及\{ \{items\}\}来直接使用这些变量。

[![clip\_image009\_thumb][clip_image009_thumb]][clip_image009_thumb_clip_image009_thumb]

### Global variables ###

点击眼形图标，可以看到当前可以使用的所有变量：包括选择的Environment的以及其他request添加到Globals里面的变量。

Environment和 Global的区别在于： 整个postman可以保存多个Environment，但是只会存在一组Global。 保存在Global里的key-value可以被所有的request使用，但是一个request只能选择一个Environment。

参考：[Setting up an environment with variables][]

[![clip\_image010\_thumb][clip_image010_thumb]][clip_image010_thumb_clip_image010_thumb]

### Request ###

[![image\_thumb3\[1\]][image_thumb3_1]][image_thumb3_1_image_thumb3_1]

method

参考： [Sending Requests][] Method

比较常见的有 GET、POST、PUT，还有一些不常见的比如 PATCH、DELETE等。

URL & Params

参考： [Sending Requests][] URL

URL可以输入request的地址，Params是对应的URL的参数。在Params中输入参数，会自动同步到URL。同理，URL里面输入带有参数的地址，也会自动同步参数到Params。

[![image\_thumb4\[1\]][image_thumb4_1]][image_thumb4_1_image_thumb4_1]

Send

发送当前请求。”Send and Download“ 在发送请求之后，会自动下载该请求的response。

[![image\_thumb5][image_thumb5]][image_thumb5_image_thumb5]

Save

可以直接保存request。也可以选择“Save as”。

Save as 可以保存 请求的名字以及简单的描述。还可以决定要不要把请求保存到Collection里面去。

参考： [Getting started with Collections][] Saving requests inside a collection

[![image\_thumb6][image_thumb6]][image_thumb6_image_thumb6]

[![image\_thumb7][image_thumb7]][image_thumb7_image_thumb7]

Authorization

如果访问的服务需要验证，这里可以设置验证方式+填写验证所需的信息，比如用户名密码。

参考： [Authentication helpers][]

[![image\_thumb8\[1\]][image_thumb8_1]][image_thumb8_1_image_thumb8_1]

Headers

参考： [Sending Requests][] Headers

定义HTTP Header。

[![image\_thumb9][image_thumb9]][image_thumb9_image_thumb9]

Body

参考： [Sending Requests][] Request body

设置请求的body。有四种方式进行设置： form-data、 urlencoded、raw 以及 binary。

GET是不可以设置Body的，POST请求可以。

[![image\_thumb][image_thumb]][image_thumb_image_thumb]

Pre-request Script

参考：[Pre Request Scripts][]

请求前需要执行的脚本可以放置在这里。主要进行一些环境以及全局变量的设置。

[![image\_thumb10][image_thumb10]][image_thumb10_image_thumb10]

Tests

参考：[Writing Tests][]

[Testing examples][]

这里写测试用例，进行一些判断等等。

下面新建了两个测试用例，名字分别是”Status code is 200“ 、”Status code name has string“。

“responseCode.code === 200” 返回 True 或者 False，进而判断 ”Status code is 200“ 这个用例是Pass还是Fail。

[![image\_thumb12][image_thumb12]][image_thumb12_image_thumb12]

Generate Code

这里可以将request转化为各种语言的代码。比如python、java、shell、HTTP等。

[![image\_thumb14][image_thumb14]][image_thumb14_image_thumb14]

### Response ###

Body

参考： [Understanding and working with responses][] Viewing responses

这里可以查看返回的应答的body部分。

有三种查看方式： Pretty、 Raw、Preview。

Pretty会根据选择的类型对Body进行高亮显示，同时可以选择要不要自动换行，方便阅读。

Raw不会进行任何高亮显示。

Preview显示的是Body部分的预览效果。

[![image\_thumb1][image_thumb1]][image_thumb1_image_thumb1]

参考： [Understanding and working with responses][] Cookies

展示浏览器的cookies。

Headers

参考： [Understanding and working with responses][] Headers

以key-value对的方式展示返回的header部分。鼠标停留在key上，会显示该key的说明（根据HTTP文档）。

[![image\_thumb3][image_thumb3]][image_thumb3_image_thumb3]

Tests

展示测试结果。

[![image\_thumb4][image_thumb4]][image_thumb4_image_thumb4]

Status

展示返回的状态。鼠标方式在状态上，比如“200 OK”上，会显示该状态对应的说明。

[![image\_thumb5\[1\]][image_thumb5_1]][image_thumb5_1_image_thumb5_1]

### Collections ###

介绍

个人感觉一个Collection就像是一个测试Project。然后Collection里面可以放置文件夹，也可以直接放置request，放置文件夹就像一个 testsuite。 文件夹里面可以放置多个request，一个request可以写1个或者多个test。

参考： [Getting started with Collections][]

[![image\_thumb6\[1\]][image_thumb6_1]][image_thumb6_1_image_thumb6_1]

Share Collection

Collection可以share给组员，也可以download为JSON文件然后发送给组员进行导入使用。

参考：[Sharing Collections with your team][]

[![image\_thumb7\[1\]][image_thumb7_1]][image_thumb7_1_image_thumb7_1]

Run Collection

Collection可以直接run。

参考： [Running a collection][]

1） Previous Runs 展示过去run的collection，点击可以在Statistics面板显示具体的结果。

OVERVIEW：该Collection 该轮测试PASS/FAIL数目总体概况。

Previous Runs：该Collection过去run的OVERVIEW，用来进行对比。

REQUESTS：该Collection 该轮测试的详细情况。

[![image\_thumb10\[1\]][image_thumb10_1]][image_thumb10_1_image_thumb10_1]

2） CURRENT RUN 可以设置当前想要run的 collection，还可以对Environment、Iteration、Delay、Data File 进行设置。

Environment：选择跑该Collection的 Environment。

Iteration： 设置该轮测试跑几轮。

Delay： 。。。。。。。

Date： 可以选择加载一个 CSV/JSON的数据文件

[![image\_thumb8][image_thumb8]][image_thumb8_image_thumb8]

3） RESULTS

点击“Start Test”就可以开始跑Collection啦。

实时结果会在 RESULTS里面显示出来。

[![image\_thumb9\[1\]][image_thumb9_1]][image_thumb9_1_image_thumb9_1]

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[clip_image004_thumb_clip_image004_thumb]: /images/20220113/6a3e4be866e54828934d02008a02574b.png
[Requests History]: http://www.getpostman.com/docs/history
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[Setting up an environment with variables]: http://www.getpostman.com/docs/environments
[Using environments to switch contexts]: http://www.getpostman.com/docs/test_multi_environments
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[Sending Requests]: http://www.getpostman.com/docs/requests
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[image_thumb5_image_thumb5]: /images/20220113/91add164e65b481ba4d93ac64529db16.png
[Getting started with Collections]: http://www.getpostman.com/docs/collections
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[Authentication helpers]: http://www.getpostman.com/docs/helpers
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[Pre Request Scripts]: http://www.getpostman.com/docs/pre_request_scripts
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[Writing Tests]: http://www.getpostman.com/docs/writing_tests
[Testing examples]: http://www.getpostman.com/docs/testing_examples
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[Understanding and working with responses]: http://www.getpostman.com/docs/responses
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[Sharing Collections with your team]: http://www.getpostman.com/docs/sharing
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[Running a collection]: http://www.getpostman.com/docs/running_collections
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