Java语言中Object对象的hashCode()取值的底层算法是怎样实现的？，object hashcode

爱被打了一巴掌 2022-09-26 11:49 198阅读 0赞

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Java语言中，Object对象有个特殊的方法：hashcode(), hashcode()表示的是JVM虚拟机为这个Object对象分配的一个int类型的数值，JVM会使用对象的hashcode值来提高对HashMap、Hashtable哈希表存取对象的使用效率。

关于Object对象的hashCode()返回值，网上对它就是一个简单的描述：“JVM根据某种策略生成的”，那么这种策略到底是什么呢？我有一个毛病，遇到这种含糊其辞的东西，就想探个究竟，所以，本文就将hashCode()本地方法的实现给扒出来，也给大家在了解hashCode()的过程中提供一点点帮助吧。

本文将根据openJDK 7源码，向展示Java语言中的Object对象的hashCode() 生成的神秘面纱，我将一步一步地向读者介绍Java Object 的hashcode()方法到底底层调用了什么函数。为了更好地了解这个过程，你可以自己下载openJDK 7 源码，亲自查看和跟踪源码，了解hashCode()的生成过程：

openJDK 7 下载地址1：http://download.java.net/*openjdk*/jdk7 （官网，下载速度较慢）

openJDK 7 下载地址2 ：openjdk-7-fcs-src-b147-27\_jun\_2011.zip (csdn 网友提供的资源，很不错)

### 1.查看openJDK 关于 java.lang.Object类及其hashcode()方法的定义： ###

进入**openjdk\\jdk\\src\\share\\classes\\java\\lang** 目录下，可以看到 **Object.java**源码，打开，查看**hashCode()**的定义如下所示：

>     public native int hashCode();

即该方法是一个本地方法，Java将调用本地方法库对此方法的实现。由于Object类中有JNI方法调用，按照JNI的规则，应当生成JNI 的头文件，在此目录下执行 **javah -jni java.lang.Object**  指令，将生成一个 **java\_lang\_Object.h** 头文件，该头文件将在后面用到它

**java\_lang\_Object.h**头文件关于hashcode方法的信息如下所示：

>     /*
>      * Class:     java_lang_Object
>      * Method:    hashCode
>      * Signature: ()I
>      */
>     JNIEXPORT jint JNICALL Java_java_lang_Object_hashCode
>       (JNIEnv *, jobject);

### 2. Object对象的hashCode()方法在C语言文件Object.c中实现 ###

打开**openjdk\\jdk\\src\\share\\native\\java\\lang\\**目录，查看**Object.c**文件，可以看到**hashCode()**的方法被注册成有**JVM\_IHashCode**方法指针来处理：

>     #include <stdio.h>
>     #include <signal.h>
>     #include <limits.h>
>     
>     #include "jni.h"
>     #include "jni_util.h"
>     #include "jvm.h"
>     
>     #include "java_lang_Object.h"
>     
>     static JNINativeMethod methods[] = {
>         {"hashCode",    "()I",                    (void *)&JVM_IHashCode},//hashcode的方法指针JVM_IHashCode
>         {"wait",        "(J)V",                   (void *)&JVM_MonitorWait},
>         {"notify",      "()V",                    (void *)&JVM_MonitorNotify},
>         {"notifyAll",   "()V",                    (void *)&JVM_MonitorNotifyAll},
>         {"clone",       "()Ljava/lang/Object;",   (void *)&JVM_Clone},
>     };
>     
>     JNIEXPORT void JNICALL
>     Java_java_lang_Object_registerNatives(JNIEnv *env, jclass cls)
>     {
>         (*env)->RegisterNatives(env, cls,
>                                 methods, sizeof(methods)/sizeof(methods[0]));
>     }
>     
>     JNIEXPORT jclass JNICALL
>     Java_java_lang_Object_getClass(JNIEnv *env, jobject this)
>     {
>         if (this == NULL) {
>             JNU_ThrowNullPointerException(env, NULL);
>             return 0;
>         } else {
>             return (*env)->GetObjectClass(env, this);
>         }
>     }

### 3.JVM\_IHashCode方法指针在 openjdk\\hotspot\\src\\share\\vm\\prims\\jvm.cpp中定义，如下： ###

JVM_ENTRY(jint, JVM_IHashCode(JNIEnv* env, jobject handle))
      JVMWrapper("JVM_IHashCode");
      // as implemented in the classic virtual machine; return 0 if object is NULL
      return handle == NULL ? 0 : ObjectSynchronizer::FastHashCode (THREAD, JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(handle)) ;
    JVM_END

如上可以看出，**JVM\_IHashCode**方法中调用了**ObjectSynchronizer::FastHashCode**方法

### 4. ObjectSynchronizer**::**fashHashCode方法的实现： ###

**ObjectSynchronizer::fashHashCode()**方法在**openjdk\\hotspot\\src\\share\\vm\\runtime\\synchronizer.cpp** 文件中实现，其核心代码实现如下所示：

>     // hashCode() generation :
>     //
>     // Possibilities:
>     // * MD5Digest of {obj,stwRandom}
>     // * CRC32 of {obj,stwRandom} or any linear-feedback shift register function.
>     // * A DES- or AES-style SBox[] mechanism
>     // * One of the Phi-based schemes, such as:
>     //   2654435761 = 2^32 * Phi (golden ratio)
>     //   HashCodeValue = ((uintptr_t(obj) >> 3) * 2654435761) ^ GVars.stwRandom ;
>     // * A variation of Marsaglia's shift-xor RNG scheme.
>     // * (obj ^ stwRandom) is appealing, but can result
>     //   in undesirable regularity in the hashCode values of adjacent objects
>     //   (objects allocated back-to-back, in particular).  This could potentially
>     //   result in hashtable collisions and reduced hashtable efficiency.
>     //   There are simple ways to "diffuse" the middle address bits over the
>     //   generated hashCode values:
>     //
>     
>     static inline intptr_t get_next_hash(Thread * Self, oop obj) {
>       intptr_t value = 0 ;
>       if (hashCode == 0) {
>          // This form uses an unguarded global Park-Miller RNG,
>          // so it's possible for two threads to race and generate the same RNG.
>          // On MP system we'll have lots of RW access to a global, so the
>          // mechanism induces lots of coherency traffic.
>          value = os::random() ;
>       } else
>       if (hashCode == 1) {
>          // This variation has the property of being stable (idempotent)
>          // between STW operations.  This can be useful in some of the 1-0
>          // synchronization schemes.
>          intptr_t addrBits = intptr_t(obj) >> 3 ;
>          value = addrBits ^ (addrBits >> 5) ^ GVars.stwRandom ;
>       } else
>       if (hashCode == 2) {
>          value = 1 ;            // for sensitivity testing
>       } else
>       if (hashCode == 3) {
>          value = ++GVars.hcSequence ;
>       } else
>       if (hashCode == 4) {
>          value = intptr_t(obj) ;
>       } else {
>          // Marsaglia's xor-shift scheme with thread-specific state
>          // This is probably the best overall implementation -- we'll
>          // likely make this the default in future releases.
>          unsigned t = Self->_hashStateX ;
>          t ^= (t << 11) ;
>          Self->_hashStateX = Self->_hashStateY ;
>          Self->_hashStateY = Self->_hashStateZ ;
>          Self->_hashStateZ = Self->_hashStateW ;
>          unsigned v = Self->_hashStateW ;
>          v = (v ^ (v >> 19)) ^ (t ^ (t >> 8)) ;
>          Self->_hashStateW = v ;
>          value = v ;
>       }
>     
>       value &= markOopDesc::hash_mask;
>       if (value == 0) value = 0xBAD ;
>       assert (value != markOopDesc::no_hash, "invariant") ;
>       TEVENT (hashCode: GENERATE) ;
>       return value;
>     }
>     //   ObjectSynchronizer::FastHashCode方法的实现，该方法最终会返回我们期望已久的hashcode
>     intptr_t ObjectSynchronizer::FastHashCode (Thread * Self, oop obj) {
>       if (UseBiasedLocking) {
>         // NOTE: many places throughout the JVM do not expect a safepoint
>         // to be taken here, in particular most operations on perm gen
>         // objects. However, we only ever bias Java instances and all of
>         // the call sites of identity_hash that might revoke biases have
>         // been checked to make sure they can handle a safepoint. The
>         // added check of the bias pattern is to avoid useless calls to
>         // thread-local storage.
>         if (obj->mark()->has_bias_pattern()) {
>           // Box and unbox the raw reference just in case we cause a STW safepoint.
>           Handle hobj (Self, obj) ;
>           // Relaxing assertion for bug 6320749.
>           assert (Universe::verify_in_progress() ||
>                   !SafepointSynchronize::is_at_safepoint(),
>                  "biases should not be seen by VM thread here");
>           BiasedLocking::revoke_and_rebias(hobj, false, JavaThread::current());
>           obj = hobj() ;
>           assert(!obj->mark()->has_bias_pattern(), "biases should be revoked by now");
>         }
>       }
>     
>       // hashCode() is a heap mutator ...
>       // Relaxing assertion for bug 6320749.
>       assert (Universe::verify_in_progress() ||
>               !SafepointSynchronize::is_at_safepoint(), "invariant") ;
>       assert (Universe::verify_in_progress() ||
>               Self->is_Java_thread() , "invariant") ;
>       assert (Universe::verify_in_progress() ||
>              ((JavaThread *)Self)->thread_state() != _thread_blocked, "invariant") ;
>     
>       ObjectMonitor* monitor = NULL;
>       markOop temp, test;
>       intptr_t hash;
>       markOop mark = ReadStableMark (obj);
>     
>       // object should remain ineligible for biased locking
>       assert (!mark->has_bias_pattern(), "invariant") ;
>     
>       if (mark->is_neutral()) {
>         hash = mark->hash();              // this is a normal header
>         if (hash) {                       // if it has hash, just return it
>           return hash;
>         }
>         hash = get_next_hash(Self, obj);  // allocate a new hash code
>         temp = mark->copy_set_hash(hash); // merge the hash code into header
>         // use (machine word version) atomic operation to install the hash
>         test = (markOop) Atomic::cmpxchg_ptr(temp, obj->mark_addr(), mark);
>         if (test == mark) {
>           return hash;
>         }
>         // If atomic operation failed, we must inflate the header
>         // into heavy weight monitor. We could add more code here
>         // for fast path, but it does not worth the complexity.
>       } else if (mark->has_monitor()) {
>         monitor = mark->monitor();
>         temp = monitor->header();
>         assert (temp->is_neutral(), "invariant") ;
>         hash = temp->hash();
>         if (hash) {
>           return hash;
>         }
>         // Skip to the following code to reduce code size
>       } else if (Self->is_lock_owned((address)mark->locker())) {
>         temp = mark->displaced_mark_helper(); // this is a lightweight monitor owned
>         assert (temp->is_neutral(), "invariant") ;
>         hash = temp->hash();              // by current thread, check if the displaced
>         if (hash) {                       // header contains hash code
>           return hash;
>         }
>         // WARNING:
>         //   The displaced header is strictly immutable.
>         // It can NOT be changed in ANY cases. So we have
>         // to inflate the header into heavyweight monitor
>         // even the current thread owns the lock. The reason
>         // is the BasicLock (stack slot) will be asynchronously
>         // read by other threads during the inflate() function.
>         // Any change to stack may not propagate to other threads
>         // correctly.
>       }
>     
>       // Inflate the monitor to set hash code
>       monitor = ObjectSynchronizer::inflate(Self, obj);
>       // Load displaced header and check it has hash code
>       mark = monitor->header();
>       assert (mark->is_neutral(), "invariant") ;
>       hash = mark->hash();
>       if (hash == 0) {
>         hash = get_next_hash(Self, obj);
>         temp = mark->copy_set_hash(hash); // merge hash code into header
>         assert (temp->is_neutral(), "invariant") ;
>         test = (markOop) Atomic::cmpxchg_ptr(temp, monitor, mark);
>         if (test != mark) {
>           // The only update to the header in the monitor (outside GC)
>           // is install the hash code. If someone add new usage of
>           // displaced header, please update this code
>           hash = test->hash();
>           assert (test->is_neutral(), "invariant") ;
>           assert (hash != 0, "Trivial unexpected object/monitor header usage.");
>         }
>       }
>       // We finally get the hash  ，看到这句话，就特别兴奋，WE FINALLY GET THE HASH!!!!
>       return hash;
>     }

好了，经过上述如此复杂步骤，终于生成了我们的hashcode了，上述的代码是使用的C++实现的，我是看不懂啦，不过有一点可以确定：

**Java 中Object对象的hashcode()返回值一定不会是Object对象的内存地址这么简单！**

**即hashcode()返回的不是对象在内存中的地址。**