Ubuntu下安装Mariadb

柔光的暖阳◎ 2022-09-25 06:13 225阅读 0赞

引言：mariadb在mysql被oracle收归旗下之后，开始作为Linux默认的数据库系统，这里主要描述如何来安装mariadb的步骤。

1.  安装指令

sudo apt　install software-properties-common

sudo apt-key adv --recv-keys --keyserver hkp://keyserver.ubuntu.com:80 0xF1656F24C74CD1D8
    执行结果：
    　Executing: /tmp/tmp.p9r0OfEIH2/gpg.1.sh --recv-keys
    --keyserver
    hkp://keyserver.ubuntu.com:80
    0xF1656F24C74CD1D8
    gpg: requesting key C74CD1D8 from hkp server keyserver.ubuntu.com
    gpg: key C74CD1D8: public key "MariaDB Signing Key <signing-key@mariadb.org>" imported
    gpg: Total number processed: 1
    gpg:               imported: 1  (RSA: 1)

sudo add-apt-repository 'deb [arch=amd64,i386,ppc64el] http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/mariadb/repo/10.2/ubuntu xenial main'

这里选中清华的数据服务

sudo apt update

执行结果如下：

bladestone@bladestone-laptop:~$ sudo apt update
    Hit:1 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu xenial InRelease
    Hit:2 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu xenial-updates InRelease                                         
    Get:3 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu xenial-backports InRelease [92.2 kB]                             
    Get:4 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu xenial-security InRelease [94.5 kB]          
    Hit:5 http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu xenial InRelease                          
    Get:6 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/mariadb/repo/10.2/ubuntu xenial InRelease [3,874 B]                                                        
    Get:7 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/mariadb/repo/10.2/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 Packages [5,865 B]                                              
    Get:8 http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/mariadb/repo/10.2/ubuntu xenial/main i386 Packages [5,864 B]                                               
    Fetched 202 kB in 7s (26.7 kB/s)                                                                                                                     
    Reading package lists... Done
    Building dependency tree       
    Reading state information... Done
    3 packages can be upgraded. Run 'apt list --upgradable' to see them.

>> sudo apt install mariadb-server
    
    Reading package lists... Done
    Building dependency tree       
    Reading state information... Done
    The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
      linux-headers-4.4.0-28 linux-headers-4.4.0-28-generic linux-image-4.4.0-28-generic linux-image-extra-4.4.0-28-generic
    Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove them.
    The following additional packages will be installed:
      galera-3 gawk iproute libjemalloc1 libmariadbclient18 libmysqlclient18 mariadb-client-10.2 mariadb-client-core-10.2 mariadb-common
      mariadb-server-10.2 mariadb-server-core-10.2 socat
    Suggested packages:
      gawk-doc mailx mariadb-test tinyca
    The following packages will be REMOVED:
      mariadb-client-10.0 mariadb-client-core-10.0 mariadb-server-10.0 mariadb-server-core-10.0
    The following NEW packages will be installed:
      galera-3 gawk iproute libjemalloc1 libmariadbclient18 libmysqlclient18 mariadb-client-10.2 mariadb-client-core-10.2 mariadb-server-10.2
      mariadb-server-core-10.2 socat
    The following packages will be upgraded:
      mariadb-common mariadb-server
    2 upgraded, 11 newly installed, 4 to remove and 1 not upgraded.
    Need to get 21.8 MB of archives.
    After this operation, 48.4 MB of additional disk space will be used.
    Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
    Get:1 http://ftp.osuosl.org/pub/mariadb/repo/10.2/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 galera-3 amd64 25.3.15-xenial [7,741 kB]
    Get:2 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 gawk amd64 1:4.1.3+dfsg-0.1 [398 kB]
    Get:3 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 iproute all 1:4.3.0-1ubuntu3 [2,428 B]                                                      
    Get:4 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu xenial/universe amd64 libjemalloc1 amd64 3.6.0-9ubuntu1 [78.9 kB]                                             
    Get:5 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu xenial/universe amd64 socat amd64 1.7.3.1-1 [321 kB]                                                          
    Get:6 http://ftp.osuosl.org/pub/mariadb/repo/10.2/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 mariadb-server all 10.2.1+maria-1~xenial [2,960 B]                        
    Get:7 http://ftp.osuosl.org/pub/mariadb/repo/10.2/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 libmysqlclient18 amd64 10.2.1+maria-1~xenial [2,932 B]                    
    Get:8 http://ftp.osuosl.org/pub/mariadb/repo/10.2/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 mariadb-common all 10.2.1+maria-1~xenial [3,234 B]                        
    Get:9 http://ftp.osuosl.org/pub/mariadb/repo/10.2/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 libmariadbclient18 amd64 10.2.1+maria-1~xenial [583 kB]                   
    Get:10 http://ftp.osuosl.org/pub/mariadb/repo/10.2/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 mariadb-client-core-10.2 amd64 10.2.1+maria-1~xenial [689 kB]            
    Get:11 http://ftp.osuosl.org/pub/mariadb/repo/10.2/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 mariadb-client-10.2 amd64 10.2.1+maria-1~xenial [1,095 kB]               
    Get:12 http://ftp.osuosl.org/pub/mariadb/repo/10.2/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 mariadb-server-core-10.2 amd64 10.2.1+maria-1~xenial [4,456 kB]

2. 查看sourcelist.

>>  sudo vi /etc/apt/sources.list

# MariaDB 10.2 repository list - created 2016-08-14 12:39 UTC
    # http://downloads.mariadb.org/mariadb/repositories/
    deb [arch=amd64,i386] http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/mariadb/repo/10.2/ubuntu xenial main
    deb-src http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/mariadb/repo/10.2/ubuntu xenial main

３. 无法连接Mariadb的问题

安装完成Mariadb之后，基于mysql workbench无法连接mariadb,　提示"Plugin 'unix\_socket' is not loaded"的错误细心：

![Center][]

什么是unix\_socket plugin?

是一种安全机制，允许使用操作系统的安全机制连接数据库，通过unix\_socket组件，通常使用用在Ubuntu 15.04+以上的系统中。

解决的方法：

１.  尝试登陆mysql的命令, mysql -u root -p, 如果看到如下错误，则需要进入步骤２，否则直接进入步骤６．

bladestone@bladestone-laptop:~$ sudo mysql -u root -p
    Enter password: 
    ERROR 1524 (HY000): Plugin 'unix_socket' is not loaded

这个原因是由于当前使用的unix\_socket来进行连接，但是缺省的用户也无法进行访问。

2. 停止服务，使用设置native方式来访问，重置缺省密码

>> sudo systemctl stop mariadb  \# 停止服务

>> sudo mysqld\_safe --skip-grant-tables &  \# 进入安全模式，并设置为后台进程

>> mysql -u root　　　\# 登陆mysql

>>  select Host,User,plugin from mysql.user where User='root';  \# 查询用户

>> update mysql.user set plugin='mysql\_native\_password';  \#重置加密模式

>> update mysql.user set password=PASSWORD("newpassword") where User='root';  \#重置密码

>>  flush privileges;  \#刷新权限信息

>>  exit

![Center 1][]

杀掉进程，重新启动服务

>> sudo kill -9 $(pgrep mysql)  \# 杀掉进程

>> sudo service mariadb start \# 重新启动服务

３. 登陆mysql, 安装unix\_soket

>> mysql -u root -p  
  >> install plugin unix\_socket soname 'auth\_socket';

![Center 2][]

然后就可以正常访问了.

４. 参考资料

*  　https://downloads.mariadb.org/mariadb/repositories/\#mirror=tuna&distro=Ubuntu&distro\_release=xenial--ubuntu\_xenial&version=10.2
 *  　https://www.linuxbabe.com/mariadb/plugin-unix\_socket-is-not-loaded-2

[Center]: /images/20220718/4cbcbeaf68294729b0a8fbcc9116a777.png
[Center 1]: /images/20220718/8387a8c1a34744b99d12752a925d69ef.png
[Center 2]: /images/20220718/26926ff1b8cf4109a0b8d80550463388.png