python读取配置文件

向右看齐 2022-09-19 01:49 263阅读 0赞

author：skate  
time：2013/12/11

**python读取配置文件**

配置文件样例：  
\[root@slave92 python\]\# more config.ini  
\[sec1\]  
user = root

\[concurrent\]  
processor = 20

\[baseconf\]  
user2 = user2  
user1 = root1  
host = 127.0.0.1  
db\_name = skatebd  
user = rootroot  
password = root  
port = 3306

——————————————————————————————————————————

具体脚本内容  
\[root@slave92 python\]\# vi opcfg.py  
\#!/usr/bin/python  
\# -\*- coding:utf-8 -\*-  
\#author: skate  
\#time:2013/12/10  
\#funcation: use to read config  
\#version: 0.1  
\#---------------------  
\#time        modificator  desc  
\#2013/12/11  skate        support class and param for cmd  
\#  
\#---------------------  
import sys,os,time,getopt  
import ConfigParser  
   
class Config:  
    def \_\_init\_\_(self, path):  
        self.path = path  
        self.cf = ConfigParser.ConfigParser()  
        self.cf.read(self.path)  
    def get(self, field, key):  
        result = ""  
        try:  
            result = self.cf.  
   get(field, key)  
        except:  
            result = ""  
        return result  
    def set(self,section, field, key, value):  
        try:  
            if len(section) > 0:  
                self.cf.add\_section(section)  
            if len(field) >0 and len(value) > 0:  
                self.cf.set(field, key, value)  
            self.cf.write(open(self.path,'w'))  
        except:  
            return Flase  
        return True

def remove\_option(self, field,key):  
         try:  
             if len(key) >0 and len(field) > 0:  
                 self.cf.remove\_option(field,key)  
             self.cf.write(open(self.path,'w'))  
         except:  
             return Flase  
         return True

def remove\_section(self,field):  
         try:  
              if len(field) >0:  
                   self.cf.remove\_section(field)  
              self.cf.write(open(self.path,'w'))  
         except:  
             return Flase  
         return True

def read\_config(config\_file\_path, field, key):  
    try:  
        config = Config(config\_file\_path)  
        result = config.get(field,key)  
    except:  
        sys.exit(1)  
    return result

def write\_config(config\_file\_path,section, field, key, value):  
    try:  
        config = Config(config\_file\_path)  
        return Flase  
        \#sys.exit(1)  
    return True

def remove\_option\_config(config\_file\_path, field,key):  
    try:  
        config = Config(config\_file\_path)  
        config.remove\_option(field,key)  
    except:  
        return Flase  
    return True

def remove\_section\_config(config\_file\_path,field):  
    try:  
        config = Config(config\_file\_path)  
        config.remove\_section(field)  
    except:  
        return Flase  
    return True

def usage():  
  '''opcfg.py OPTIONS:.

configfile c    The configuration file name  
     field  F        The name of field  
     addkey a        The adding the name key  
     getkey g        The getting the name key  
     value v         The value of key  
     add\_section A   The adding the name of section  
     delkey  d       The deleteing the name of key  
     del\_scetion D   The deleteting the name of section  
     help h          Get the help file

eg:  
get key:       \# opcfg.py  -c config.ini  -F section  -g user  
add key:       \# opcfg.py  -c config.ini  -F section  -a user -v root  
add section    \# opcfg.py  -c config.ini  -A sec1  -F sec1 -a sec1\_user -v root  
del key        \# opcfg.py  -c config.ini  -F section -d sec1  
del section    \# opcfg.py  -c config.ini  -D sec1 '''

if \_\_name\_\_ == "\_\_main\_\_":  
  try:  
      if len(sys.argv) < 2:  
         sys.exit(1)

opts,args = getopt.getopt(sys.argv\[1:\],"hc:F:a:g:v:A:d:D:",\["help","configfile=","field=","addkey=","getkey=","value=","add\_section=","delkey=","del\_section="\])

config\_file\_path = ""  
      field = ""  
      addkey = ""  
      getkey = ""  
      keyvalue = ""  
      add\_section = ""  
      delkey = ""  
      del\_section = ""

for op, value in opts:  
        if op in ( "-h","--help"):  
           print(usage.\_\_doc\_\_)  
        elif op in ("-c","--configfile"):  
           config\_file\_path = value  
        elif op in ("-s","--section"):  
           init\_section = value  
        elif op in ("-F","--field"):  
           field = value  
        elif op in ("-a","--addkey"):  
           addkey = value  
        elif op in ("-g","--getkey"):  
           getkey = value  
        elif op in ("-v","--value"):  
           keyvalue = value  
        elif op in ("-A","--add\_section"):  
           add\_section = value  
        elif op in ("-d","--delkey"):  
           delkey = value  
        elif op in ("-D","--del\_section"):  
           del\_section = value

\#print "config\_file\_path: %s" % config\_file\_path  
      \#print "field: %s"  % field  
      \#print "addkey: %s" % addkey  
      \#print "getkey: %s" % getkey  
      \#print "keyvalue: %s" % keyvalue  
      \#print "add\_section: %s" % add\_section  
      \#print "del\_section: %s" % del\_section

if len(getkey) > 0:  
        print read\_config(config\_file\_path, field, getkey)  
      elif len(addkey) > 0 or len(add\_section) > 0:  
        write\_result = write\_config(config\_file\_path,add\_section,field, addkey, keyvalue)  
        print "write\_result :%s" % write\_result

if write\_result == True:  
           print "write config success!!"  
        else:  
           print "write config error!!"  
      elif len(delkey) >0 and len(field) >0:  
        remove\_option\_config(config\_file\_path, field,delkey)  
      elif len(del\_section) > 0 :  
        remove\_section\_config(config\_file\_path,del\_section)  
      elif len(delkey) >0 and len(field) > 0 :  
        remove\_option\_config(config\_file\_path, field,delkey)  
      else:  
        print "param error"  
  except:  
      print "configfile have problem"

**本程序知识点：**  
1. python中使用命令行选项  
2. python操作配置文件

详解  
1. python中使用命令行选项

python如果想处理参数，需要用到sys模块，通过sys模块可以获得参数相关信息，如下：  
参数个数：len(sys.argv)  
脚本名：    sys.argv\[0\]  
参数1：     sys.argv\[1\]  
参数2：     sys.argv\[2\]

getopt函数可以处理命令行选项，其语法如下:  
getopt.getopt(args, options\[, long\_options\])

本示例中解析  
opts,args = getopt.getopt(sys.argv\[1:\],"hc:F:a:g:v:A:d:D:",\["help","configfile=","field=","addkey=","getkey=","value=","add\_se  
ction=","delkey=","del\_section="\])

A. sys.argv\[1:\]为要处理的参数列表，sys.argv\[0\]为脚本名，所以用sys.argv\[1:\]过滤掉脚本名。  
B. "hc:F:a:g:v:A:d:D:": 当一个选项只表示开关状态时，即后面不带附件参数时，在分析串中只写入选项字符。当选项后面是带一个附加参数时，在分析串中写入选项字符同时后面加一个":"号；所以”h“是一个开关选项，”c:”，“F:”，“a:”，“g:”，“v:”，“A:”，“d:”，“D:“则表示后面应该带一个参数。  
C. 调用getopt函数。函数返回两个列表：opts和args。opts为分析出的格式信息。args为不属于格式信息的剩余的命令行参数。opts是一个两元组的列表。每个元素为：(选项串,附加参数)。如果没有附加参数则为空串''。

getopt函数的第三个参数\[, long\_options\]为可选的长选项参数，上面例子中的都为短选项(如 -c, -F等)  
长选项格式举例:  
\--version  
\--file=error.txt  
让一个脚本同时支持短选项和长选项  
  getopt.getopt(sys.argv\[1:\], "Vf:", \["version", "file="\])

2. python操作配置文件

常用选项：  
config = ConfigParser.ConfigParser() //初始化config实例（建立一个空的数据集实例）  
config.read(filename)  //通过load文件filename来初始化config实例  
config.get(section, key) //获得指定section中的key的value  
config.set(section, key, value)  //在指定section中，添加一对key-value键值对  
config.remove\_option(section, key) //删除指定section的key  
config.remove\_section(section)     //删除指定section  
config.write(open(filename,'w'))   //保存配置

详细参考内容：[http://docs.python.org/2/library/configparser.html][http_docs.python.org_2_library_configparser.html]

------end-----

[http_docs.python.org_2_library_configparser.html]: http://docs.python.org/2/library/configparser.html