线程锁和EnterCriticalSection、LeaveCriticalSection用法

痛定思痛。 2022-09-18 13:50 43阅读 0赞

线程锁的概念函数EnterCriticalSection和LeaveCriticalSection的用法

> 注：使用结构CRITICAL\_SECTION 需加入头文件\#include “afxmt.h”

定义一个全局的锁 CRITICAL\_SECTION的实例  
和一个静态全局变量

1.  CRITICAL\_SECTIONcs;//可以理解为锁定一个资源
2.  staticintn\_AddValue = 0;//定义一个静态的全部变量n\_AddValue

创建两个线程函数，代码实现如下：

1.  //第一个线程
2.  UINTFirstThread(LPVOIDlParam)
3.  \{ 
4.  EnterCriticalSection(&cs);//加锁 接下来的代码处理过程中不允许其他线程进行操作，除非遇到LeaveCriticalSection
5.  for(inti = 0; i<10; i\++)\{ 
6.  n\_AddValue \++;
7.  cout << "n\_AddValue in FirstThread is "<<n\_AddValue <<endl; 
8.  
9.  \}
10. LeaveCriticalSection(&cs);//解锁 到EnterCriticalSection之间代码资源已经释放了，其他线程可以进行操作 
11. return0;
12. 
13. \}
14. 
15. //第二个线程
16. UINTSecondThread(LPVOIDlParam)
17. \{ 
18. EnterCriticalSection(&cs);//加锁
19. for(inti = 0; i<10; i\++)\{ 
20. n\_AddValue \++; 
21. cout << "n\_AddValue in SecondThread is "<<n\_AddValue <<endl; 
22. 
23. \}
24. LeaveCriticalSection(&cs);//解锁
25. 
26. return0;
27. 
28. \}

在主函数添加以下代码

1.  int\_tmain(intargc, TCHAR\* argv\[\], TCHAR\* envp\[\])
2.  \{ 
3.  intnRetCode = 0;
4.  
5.  // 初始化 MFC 并在失败时显示错误
6.  if(!AfxWinInit(::GetModuleHandle(NULL), NULL, ::GetCommandLine(), 0))
7.  \{ 
8.  // TODO: 更改错误代码以符合您的需要
9.  \_tprintf(\_T("错误: MFC 初始化失败/n"));
10. nRetCode = 1;
11. \}
12. else
13. \{ 
14. 
15. InitializeCriticalSection(&cs);//初始化结构CRITICAL\_SECTION
16. 
17. 
18. CWinThread \*pFirstThread,\*pSecondThread;//存储函数AfxBeginThread返回的CWinThread指针
19. 
20. 
21. pFirstThread = AfxBeginThread(FirstThread,LPVOID(NULL));//启动第一个线程
22. pSecondThread = AfxBeginThread(SecondThread,LPVOID(NULL));//启动第二个线程
23. 
24. HANDLEhThreadHandle\[2\];//
25. hThreadHandle\[0\] = pFirstThread\->m\_hThread;
26. hThreadHandle\[1\] = pSecondThread\->m\_hThread;
27. 
28. //等待线程返回
29. WaitForMultipleObjects(2,hThreadHandle,TRUE,INFINITE); 
30. \}
31. 
32. returnnRetCode;
33. \}

输出：

> n\_AddValue in FirstThread is 1  
> n\_AddValue in FirstThread is 2  
> n\_AddValue in FirstThread is 3  
> n\_AddValue in FirstThread is 4  
> n\_AddValue in FirstThread is 5  
> n\_AddValue in FirstThread is 6  
> n\_AddValue in FirstThread is 7  
> n\_AddValue in FirstThread is 8  
> n\_AddValue in FirstThread is 9  
> n\_AddValue in FirstThread is 10  
> n\_AddValue in SecondThread is 11  
> n\_AddValue in SecondThread is 12  
> n\_AddValue in SecondThread is 13  
> n\_AddValue in SecondThread is 14  
> n\_AddValue in SecondThread is 15  
> n\_AddValue in SecondThread is 16  
> n\_AddValue in SecondThread is 17  
> n\_AddValue in SecondThread is 18  
> n\_AddValue in SecondThread is 19  
> n\_AddValue in SecondThread is 20

如果把两个线程函数中的EnterCriticalSection和LeaveCriticalSection位置移到for循环中去，线程的执行顺序将会改变  
输出也就跟着改变，如：

1.  //第一个线程
2.  UINTFirstThread(LPVOIDlParam)
3.  \{ 
4.  
5.  for(inti = 0; i<10; i\++)\{ 
6.  EnterCriticalSection(&cs);//加锁 锁移到for循环内部里
7.  n\_AddValue \++;
8.  cout << "n\_AddValue in FirstThread is "<<n\_AddValue <<endl; 
9.  LeaveCriticalSection(&cs);//解锁 
10. \}
11. return0;
12. \}
13. 
14. //第二个线程
15. UINTSecondThread(LPVOIDlParam)
16. \{ 
17. 
18. for(inti = 0; i<10; i\++)\{ 
19. EnterCriticalSection(&cs);//加锁
20. n\_AddValue \++; 
21. cout << "n\_AddValue in SecondThread is "<<n\_AddValue <<endl;
22. LeaveCriticalSection(&cs);//解锁 
23. \}
24. return0;
25. \}

其他代码不变，输出的结果如下：

> n\_AddValue in FirstThread is 1  
> n\_AddValue in SecondThread is 2  
> n\_AddValue in FirstThread is 3  
> n\_AddValue in SecondThread is 4  
> n\_AddValue in FirstThread is 5  
> n\_AddValue in SecondThread is 6  
> n\_AddValue in FirstThread is 7  
> n\_AddValue in SecondThread is 8  
> n\_AddValue in FirstThread is 9  
> n\_AddValue in SecondThread is 10  
> n\_AddValue in FirstThread is 11  
> n\_AddValue in SecondThread is 12  
> n\_AddValue in FirstThread is 13  
> n\_AddValue in SecondThread is 14  
> n\_AddValue in FirstThread is 15  
> n\_AddValue in SecondThread is 16  
> n\_AddValue in FirstThread is 17  
> n\_AddValue in SecondThread is 18  
> n\_AddValue in FirstThread is 19  
> n\_AddValue in SecondThread is 20

个人认为在函数EnterCriticalSection和LeaveCriticalSection中间的代码执行过程不会被其他线程干拢或者这么讲不允许其他线程中  
的代码执行。这样可以有效防止一个全局变量在两个线程中同时被操作的可能性