代理服务器学习日志（二）

- 日理万妓 2022-09-18 02:52 410阅读 0赞

这边文章主要记录什么是反向代理，如何配置tinyproxy使其成为反向代理服务器。

1.什么是反向代理

反向代理（Reverse Proxy）方式是指以代理服务器来接受internet上的连接请求，然后将请求转发给内部网络上的服务器，并将从服务器上得到的结果返回给internet上请求连接的客户端，此时代理服务器对外就表现为一个服务器。

2.tinyproxy反向代理配置

a.打开tinyproxy配置文件

gedit /etc/tinyproxy/tinyproxy.conf

\#\#  
\#\# tinyproxy.conf -- tinyproxy daemon configuration file  
\#\#  
\#\# This example tinyproxy.conf file contains example settings  
\#\# with explanations in comments. For decriptions of all  
\#\# parameters, see the tinproxy.conf(5) manual page.  
\#\#  
\#  
\# User/Group: This allows you to set the user and group that will be  
\# used for tinyproxy after the initial binding to the port has been done  
\# as the root user. Either the user or group name or the UID or GID  
\# number may be used.  
\#  
\#User tinyproxy  
\#Group tinyproxy  
User root  
Group root  
\#  
\# Port: Specify the port which tinyproxy will listen on.  Please note  
\# that should you choose to run on a port lower than 1024 you will need  
\# to start tinyproxy using root.  
\#  
Port 8888  
\#  
\# Listen: If you have multiple interfaces this allows you to bind to  
\# only one. If this is commented out, tinyproxy will bind to all  
\# interfaces present.  
\#  
\#Listen 192.168.0.1  
\#  
\# Bind: This allows you to specify which interface will be used for  
\# outgoing connections.  This is useful for multi-home'd machines where  
\# you want all traffic to appear outgoing from one particular interface.  
\#  
\#Bind 192.168.0.1  
\#  
\# BindSame: If enabled, tinyproxy will bind the outgoing connection to the  
\# ip address of the incoming connection.  
\#  
\#BindSame yes  
\#  
\# Timeout: The maximum number of seconds of inactivity a connection is  
\# allowed to have before it is closed by tinyproxy.  
\#  
Timeout 600  
\#  
\# ErrorFile: Defines the HTML file to send when a given HTTP error  
\# occurs.  You will probably need to customize the location to your  
\# particular install.  The usual locations to check are:  
\#   /usr/local/share/tinyproxy  
\#   /usr/share/tinyproxy  
\#   /etc/tinyproxy  
\#  
\#ErrorFile 404 "/usr/share/tinyproxy/404.html"  
\#ErrorFile 400 "/usr/share/tinyproxy/400.html"  
\#ErrorFile 503 "/usr/share/tinyproxy/503.html"  
\#ErrorFile 403 "/usr/share/tinyproxy/403.html"  
\#ErrorFile 408 "/usr/share/tinyproxy/408.html"  
\#  
\# DefaultErrorFile: The HTML file that gets sent if there is no  
\# HTML file defined with an ErrorFile keyword for the HTTP error  
\# that has occured.  
\#  
DefaultErrorFile "/usr/share/tinyproxy/default.html"  
\#  
\# StatHost: This configures the host name or IP address that is treated  
\# as the stat host: Whenever a request for this host is received,  
\# Tinyproxy will return an internal statistics page instead of  
\# forwarding the request to that host.  The default value of StatHost is  
\# tinyproxy.stats.  
\#  
\#StatHost "tinyproxy.stats"  
\#  
\#  
\# StatFile: The HTML file that gets sent when a request is made  
\# for the stathost.  If this file doesn't exist a basic page is  
\# hardcoded in tinyproxy.  
\#  
StatFile "/usr/share/tinyproxy/stats.html"  
\#  
\# LogFile: Allows you to specify the location where information should  
\# be logged to.  If you would prefer to log to syslog, then disable this  
\# and enable the Syslog directive.  These directives are mutually  
\# exclusive.  
\#  
LogFile "/var/log/tinyproxy/tinyproxy.log"   \# 日志文件位置  
\#  
\# Syslog: Tell tinyproxy to use syslog instead of a logfile.  This  
\# option must not be enabled if the Logfile directive is being used.  
\# These two directives are mutually exclusive.  
\#  
\#Syslog On  
\#  
\# LogLevel:   
\#  
\# Set the logging level. Allowed settings are:  
\#    Critical    (least verbose)  
\#    Error  
\#    Warning  
\#    Notice  
\#    Connect        (to log connections without Info's noise)  
\#    Info        (most verbose)  
\#  
\# The LogLevel logs from the set level and above. For example, if the  
\# LogLevel was set to Warning, then all log messages from Warning to  
\# Critical would be output, but Notice and below would be suppressed.  
\#  
LogLevel Info  
\#  
\# PidFile: Write the PID of the main tinyproxy thread to this file so it  
\# can be used for signalling purposes.  
\#  
PidFile "/var/run/tinyproxy/tinyproxy.pid"  
\#  
\# XTinyproxy: Tell Tinyproxy to include the X-Tinyproxy header, which  
\# contains the client's IP address.  
\#  
\#XTinyproxy Yes  
\#  
\# Upstream:  
\#  
\# Turns on upstream proxy support.  
\#  
\# The upstream rules allow you to selectively route upstream connections  
\# based on the host/domain of the site being accessed.  
\#  
\# For example:  
\#  \# connection to test domain goes through testproxy  
\#  upstream testproxy:8008 ".test.domain.invalid"  
\#  upstream testproxy:8008 ".our\_testbed.example.com"  
\#  upstream testproxy:8008 "192.168.128.0/255.255.254.0"  
\#  
\#  \# no upstream proxy for internal websites and unqualified hosts  
\#  no upstream ".internal.example.com"  
\#  no upstream "www.example.com"  
\#  no upstream "10.0.0.0/8"  
\#  no upstream "192.168.0.0/255.255.254.0"  
\#  no upstream "."  
\#  
\#  \# connection to these boxes go through their DMZ firewalls  
\#  upstream cust1\_firewall:8008 "testbed\_for\_cust1"  
\#  upstream cust2\_firewall:8008 "testbed\_for\_cust2"  
\#  
\#  \# default upstream is internet firewall  
\#  upstream firewall.internal.example.com:80  
\#  
\# The LAST matching rule wins the route decision.  As you can see, you  
\# can use a host, or a domain:  
\#  name     matches host exactly  
\#  .name    matches any host in domain "name"  
\#  .        matches any host with no domain (in 'empty' domain)  
\#  IP/bits  matches network/mask  
\#  IP/mask  matches network/mask  
\#  
\#Upstream some.remote.proxy:port  
\#  
\# MaxClients: This is the absolute highest number of threads which will  
\# be created. In other words, only MaxClients number of clients can be  
\# connected at the same time.  
\#  
MaxClients 100  
\#  
\# MinSpareServers/MaxSpareServers: These settings set the upper and  
\# lower limit for the number of spare servers which should be available.  
\#  
\# If the number of spare servers falls below MinSpareServers then new  
\# server processes will be spawned.  If the number of servers exceeds  
\# MaxSpareServers then the extras will be killed off.  
\#  
MinSpareServers 100  
MaxSpareServers 200  
\#  
\# StartServers: The number of servers to start initially.  
\#  
StartServers 10  
\#  
\# MaxRequestsPerChild: The number of connections a thread will handle  
\# before it is killed. In practise this should be set to 0, which  
\# disables thread reaping. If you do notice problems with memory  
\# leakage, then set this to something like 10000.  
\#  
MaxRequestsPerChild 100  
\#  
\# Allow: Customization of authorization controls. If there are any  
\# access control keywords then the default action is to DENY. Otherwise,  
\# the default action is ALLOW.  
\#  
\# The order of the controls are important. All incoming connections are  
\# tested against the controls based on order.  
\#  
\#Allow 127.0.0.1  
\#Allow 192.168.52.1   \#允许使用tinyproxy进行HTTP代理的IP地址。默认是127.0.0.1，如果想要公开tinyproxy代理服务器，则把Allow一行注释掉。  
\#  
\# AddHeader: Adds the specified headers to outgoing HTTP requests that  
\# Tinyproxy makes. Note that this option will not work for HTTPS  
\# traffic, as Tinyproxy has no control over what headers are exchanged.  
\#  
\#AddHeader "X-My-Header" "Powered by Tinyproxy"  
\#  
\# ViaProxyName: The "Via" header is required by the HTTP RFC, but using  
\# the real host name is a security concern.  If the following directive  
\# is enabled, the string supplied will be used as the host name in the  
\# Via header; otherwise, the server's host name will be used.  
\#  
ViaProxyName "tinyproxy"  
\#  
\# DisableViaHeader: When this is set to yes, Tinyproxy does NOT add  
\# the Via header to the requests. This virtually puts Tinyproxy into  
\# stealth mode. Note that RFC 2616 requires proxies to set the Via  
\# header, so by enabling this option, you break compliance.  
\# Don't disable the Via header unless you know what you are doing...  
\#  
\#DisableViaHeader Yes  
\#  
\# Filter: This allows you to specify the location of the filter file.  
\#  
\#Filter "/etc/tinyproxy/filter"  
\#  
\# FilterURLs: Filter based on URLs rather than domains.  
\#  
\#FilterURLs On  
\#  
\# FilterExtended: Use POSIX Extended regular expressions rather than  
\# basic.  
\#  
\#FilterExtended On  
\#  
\# FilterCaseSensitive: Use case sensitive regular expressions.  
\#  
\#FilterCaseSensitive On  
\#  
\# FilterDefaultDeny: Change the default policy of the filtering system.  
\# If this directive is commented out, or is set to "No" then the default  
\# policy is to allow everything which is not specifically denied by the  
\# filter file.  
\#  
\# However, by setting this directive to "Yes" the default policy becomes  
\# to deny everything which is \_not\_ specifically allowed by the filter  
\# file.  
\#  
\#FilterDefaultDeny Yes  
\#  
\# Anonymous: If an Anonymous keyword is present, then anonymous proxying  
\# is enabled.  The headers listed are allowed through, while all others  
\# are denied. If no Anonymous keyword is present, then all headers are  
\# allowed through.  You must include quotes around the headers.  
\#  
\# Most sites require cookies to be enabled for them to work correctly, so  
\# you will need to allow Cookies through if you access those sites.  
\#  
\#Anonymous "Host"  
\#Anonymous "Authorization"  
\#Anonymous "Cookie"  
\#  
\# ConnectPort: This is a list of ports allowed by tinyproxy when the  
\# CONNECT method is used.  To disable the CONNECT method altogether, set  
\# the value to 0.  If no ConnectPort line is found, all ports are  
\# allowed (which is not very secure.)  
\#  
\# The following two ports are used by SSL.  
\#  
ConnectPort 443  
ConnectPort 563  
\#  
\# Configure one or more ReversePath directives to enable reverse proxy  
\# support. With reverse proxying it's possible to make a number of  
\# sites appear as if they were part of a single site.  
\#  
\# If you uncomment the following two directives and run tinyproxy  
\# on your own computer at port 8888, you can access Google using  
\# http://localhost:8888/google/ and Wired News using  
\# http://localhost:8888/wired/news/. Neither will actually work  
\# until you uncomment ReverseMagic as they use absolute linking.  
\#  
\#ReversePath "/google/"    "http://www.google.com/"  
\#ReversePath "/wired/"    "http://www.wired.com/"  
ReversePath "/InnoVSS-Web"    "http://192.168.1.182:8080/InnoVSS-Web"  \#用于设置工程所对应的内网的地址  
\#  
\# When using tinyproxy as a reverse proxy, it is STRONGLY recommended  
\# that the normal proxy is turned off by uncommenting the next directive.  
\#  
ReverseOnly Yes     \#开启反向代理，否则tinyproxy不能进行反向代理  
\#  
\# Use a cookie to track reverse proxy mappings. If you need to reverse  
\# proxy sites which have absolute links you must uncomment this.  
\#   
ReverseMagic Yes    \#开启反向代理映射  
\#  
\# The URL that's used to access this reverse proxy. The URL is used to  
\# rewrite HTTP redirects so that they won't escape the proxy. If you  
\# have a chain of reverse proxies, you'll need to put the outermost  
\# URL here (the address which the end user types into his/her browser).  
\#  
\# If not set then no rewriting occurs.  
\#  
\#ReverseBaseURL "http://localhost:8888/"  
ReverseBaseURL "http://192.168.52.139:8888/"   \#配置此次是防止浏览器显示192.168.1.182:8080

\#在浏览器中输入http://192.168.52.139:8888/InnoVSS-Web，不配置ReverseBaseURL，则浏览器会自动换为：http://192.168.1.182:8080/InnoVSS-Web

\#配置ReverseBaseURL后，浏览器中的URL地址不变

b.通过tinyproxy反向代理的时候，tinyproxy的日志输出为

CONNECT   Nov 03 23:42:21 [30780]: Connect (file descriptor 6): 192.168.52.1 [192.168.52.1]
    CONNECT   Nov 03 23:42:21 [30780]: Request (file descriptor 6): GET /InnoVSS-Web/innovss/preview/images/ptz/btnBackground.png HTTP/1.1
    CONNECT   Nov 03 23:42:21 [30780]: Rewriting URL: /InnoVSS-Web/innovss/preview/images/ptz/btnBackground.png -> http://192.168.1.182:8080/InnoVSS-Web/innovss/preview/images/ptz/btnBackground.png
    INFO      Nov 03 23:42:21 [30780]: No upstream proxy for 192.168.1.182
    CONNECT   Nov 03 23:42:21 [30780]: Established connection to host "192.168.1.182" using file descriptor 7.
    INFO      Nov 03 23:42:21 [30780]: Closed connection between local client (fd:6) and remote client (fd:7)

今天的博客记录学习内容先到这里，之后会有tinyproxy的代码阅读的记录，以及在window和linux下编译程序时遇到的问题。