【Android】跨平台:Web开发(WebView)

叁歲伎倆 2022-09-17 06:15 224阅读 0赞

### Web开发&WebView ###

**前言**

> 目前现行的跨平台框架有很多, 需要我们做好技术选型, 适合自己的才是最好的, 今天讲的是最简单的跨平台实现方案:Web开发

*  目前混合开发技术

1.  Web开发

优势:
    	开发成本低, 效率高, 与客户端解耦, 及时上线
    弱势:
    	纯WebView环境,体验较差

1.  Hybird混合开发

优势:
    	介于原生和Web之间,包含Web开发的所有优点
    	部分功能接近原生APP体验
    	能够调用原生能力

1.  React Native

优势:
    	摆脱WebView, 体验可与原生媲美
    	支持热更新
    弱势:
    	页面加载较慢
    	控件不够完善

1.  Flutter

优势:
    	最佳运行体验
    	性能强劲
    弱势:
    	需学习Dart
    	跨平台做的不够彻底

--------------------

**Web开发**

> Layout

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZHJvaWRzYW5zZmFsbGJhY2s_shadow_50_text_Q1NETiBAbW96aGltZW4_size_20_color_FFFFFF_t_70_g_se_x_16]

> Crazy Coding

*  WebView初始化

private lateinit var webView: WebView
    private fun initWebView() {
    	webView = vb.mainWebView//ViewBinding的WebView
    
        webView.addJavascriptInterface(this, "android")
        webView.webViewClient = webViewClient
        webView.webChromeClient = webChromeClient
        webView.settings.apply {
        	javaScriptEnabled = true
            cacheMode = WebSettings.LOAD_NO_CACHE
            domStorageEnabled = true
    	}
    }

*  重定向WebView->页面切换

private fun refreshWebView(pageMode: MainViewModel.PageMode) {
    	isPageLoading = true
        when (pageMode) {
        	MainViewModel.PageMode.DATA -> {
            	webView.loadUrl(UrlConstant.BASE_URL + UrlConstant.MAIN_DATA)
    		}
            MainViewModel.PageMode.RECORD -> {
            	webView.loadUrl(UrlConstant.BASE_URL + UrlConstant.MAIN_RECORD)
    		}
    	}
    }

**记得加上:用来绕过缓存**  
`webView.loadUrl("javascript: window.location.reload(true)")`

override fun initData(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        super.initData(savedInstanceState)
        vb.vm = vm
        initWebView()
        refreshWebView(MainViewModel.PageMode.DATA)
    	webView.loadUrl("javascript: window.location.reload(true)")
    }

*  生命周期销毁

override fun onDestroy() {
    	webView.loadUrl("javascript: localStorage.clear()")
        webView.destroy()
        super.onDestroy()
    }

*  两个重要的client

1.  webViewClient: 监听页面的响应,刷新进度条的显示与隐藏

private val webViewClient = object : WebViewClient() {
    	override fun onPageStarted(view: WebView?, url: String?, favicon: Bitmap?) {
    		//显示进度条
        	vb.mainWebProgress.visibility = View.VISIBLE
    	}
    
        RequiresApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.KITKAT)
        override fun onPageFinished(view: WebView?, url: String?) {
    		"url: $url".i()//日志扩展函数
            if (isPageLoading) {
            	isPageLoading = false
            	//webView传数据到localStorage,供前端拿取
                webView.loadUrl("javascript: const siteData= {enterpriseToken: \"${MainPreference.service_token}\", deviceAccessPermissions: ${MainPreference.select_location}, audioSwitch: ${MainPreference.select_voice.toInt()}, privilege: \"${MainPreference.service_privilege}\"}; localStorage.setItem(\"siteData\", JSON.stringify(siteData));")
                //打印传值结果
    			view?.evaluateJavascript("javascript: window.localStorage.getItem('siteData');") { "VALUE--->$it".i() }
    			GlobalScope.launch(Dispatchers.Main) {
    				//进度条动画
                	AnimUtil.operateAlphaOutAnim(true, vb.mainWebProgress)
                    delay(2000)
                    AnimUtil.operateAlphaOutAnim(false, vb.mainWebProgress)
                    vb.mainWebProgress.visibility = View.GONE
    			}
    		}
    	}
    }

1.  webChromeClient: 拦截前端的Alert弹框

private val webChromeClient = object : WebChromeClient() {
    	override fun onJsAlert(view: WebView?,url: String?,message: String?,result: JsResult?): Boolean {
        	//前端json,显示弹框的类型
        	message?.let {
            	val alertBean = Gson().fromJson(it, AlertBean::class.java)
                "JS拦截: type: ${alertBean.type} data: ${alertBean.data}".i()
                    
                when (alertBean.type) {
                	"error" -> {
                		//ViewModel中的定义的观察者对象,由activity监听
                    	vm.mAlertType.postValue(DetailDialog.DialogType.ERROR)
                        vm.mMessage = alertBean.data
    				}
                    "detail" -> {
                    	vm.getDetail(DetailDialog.DialogType.DETAIL, alertBean.data)
    				}
                    "verify" -> {
                    	vm.getDetail(DetailDialog.DialogType.VERIFY, alertBean.data)
    				}
                    "exit" -> {
                    	GlobalScope.launch() {
                        	MainPreference.login_is_login = false
                            delay(1000)
                            finish()
    					}
    				}
                    "audio"->{
                    	operateAudioPlayer(true)
    				}
                    else -> {
                    }
    			}
    		}
            //一定要有这句,不然不能拦截下一个弹框
            result?.cancel()
            return true
    	}
    
        override fun onProgressChanged(view: WebView?, newProgress: Int) {
        	//进度条进度
            vb.mainWebProgress.progress = newProgress
    	}
    }

`layout`

`drawble`

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
    <layer-list xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
        
        <item
            android:id="@android:id/background"
            android:drawable="@color/transparent" />
    
        
        <item android:id="@android:id/progress">
            <clip>
                <shape>
                    <solid android:color="@color/main_progressbar"/>
                </shape>
            </clip>
        </item>
    </layer-list>

`color`

--------------------

**一些用到的JS语句**

`刷新界面`

javascript: window.location.reload(true);

`回调调用前端定义的函数(非系统方法)`

javascript: window.onUpdata();

`清除localStorage`

javascript: localStorage.clear();

`存localStorage`

javascript: const siteData= {enterpriseToken: \"${MainPreference.service_token}\", deviceAccessPermissions: ${MainPreference.select_location}, audioSwitch: ${MainPreference.select_voice.toInt()}, privilege: \"${MainPreference.service_privilege}\"}; localStorage.setItem(\"siteData\", JSON.stringify(siteData));

`读localStorage`

javascript: window.localStorage.getItem('siteData');

> 可能会好奇为啥用localStorge呢,因为登陆啥的是原生的

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