Docker Review - dockerfile 实战_给基础镜像增加功能

拼搏现实的明天。 2022-09-15 13:58 149阅读 0赞

### 文章目录 ###

*  文件格式
 *  实操Docker file
 *   *  给基础镜像centos 增加功能
     *   *  dockerfile镜像制作
         *  docker build 通过dockerfile构建镜像
         *  启动新镜像，验证
     *  docker history 查看镜像历史信息

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZHJvaWRzYW5zZmFsbGJhY2s_shadow_50_text_Q1NETiBA5bCP5bCP5bel5Yyg_size_20_color_FFFFFF_t_70_g_se_x_16]

--------------------

# 文件格式 #

##  Dockerfile文件格式
    
    # This dockerfile uses the ubuntu image
    # VERSION 2 - EDITION 1
    # Author: docker_user
    # Command format: Instruction [arguments / command] ..
     
    # 1、第一行必须指定 基础镜像信息
    FROM ubuntu
     
    # 2、维护者信息
    MAINTAINER docker_user docker_user@email.com
     
    # 3、镜像操作指令
    RUN echo "deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ raring main universe" >> /etc/apt/sources.list
    RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y nginx
    RUN echo "\ndaemon off;" >> /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
     
    # 4、容器启动执行指令
    CMD /usr/sbin/nginx

Dockerfile 分为四部分：基础镜像信息、维护者信息、镜像操作指令、容器启动执行指令。

*  开始必须要指明所基于的镜像名称
 *  接下来通常是维护者信息
 *  后面是镜像操作指令，例如 RUN 指令。每执行一条RUN 指令，镜像添加新的一层，并提交
 *  最后是 CMD 指令，来指明运行容器时的操作命令。

![在这里插入图片描述][68e2bb2200cc4ff9893aa10bdfa48a45.gif_pic_center]

# 实操Docker file #

## 给基础镜像centos 增加功能 ##

[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker run -it centos
    [root@c967bcaa1b52 /]#
    [root@c967bcaa1b52 /]#
    [root@c967bcaa1b52 /]#
    [root@c967bcaa1b52 /]#
    [root@c967bcaa1b52 /]# 
    [root@c967bcaa1b52 /]# ifconfig 没有ifconfig该命令 
    bash: ifconfig: command not found
    [root@c967bcaa1b52 /]# vim a.txt 没有vim该命令 
    bash: vim: command not found
    [root@c967bcaa1b52 /]#
    [root@c967bcaa1b52 /]# exit
    exit

启动容器，进入这个容器内，发现 vim 和 ipconfig 命令都是没有的 ， 那怎么在搞到镜像里面去呢？

\---------请 当家的 dockerfile来秀一秀吧

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZHJvaWRzYW5zZmFsbGJhY2s_shadow_50_text_Q1NETiBA5bCP5bCP5bel5Yyg_size_20_color_FFFFFF_t_70_g_se_x_16 1]

### dockerfile镜像制作 ###

接下来，我们通过dockerfile 来完成镜像的制作

[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# pwd
    /root
    [root@VM-0-7-centos ~]#
    [root@VM-0-7-centos ~]#
    [root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# mkdir  dfiles  
    [root@VM-0-7-centos ~]#
    [root@VM-0-7-centos ~]#
    [root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# cd dfiles/  
    [root@VM-0-7-centos dfiles]#  编写dockerfile文件   
    [root@VM-0-7-centos dfiles]# vim artisan-centos  
    [root@VM-0-7-centos dfiles]#
    [root@VM-0-7-centos dfiles]#
    [root@VM-0-7-centos dfiles]#
    [root@VM-0-7-centos dfiles]#
    [root@VM-0-7-centos dfiles]#
    [root@VM-0-7-centos dfiles]#  如果命令记不住  --help少不了  
    [root@VM-0-7-centos dfiles]# docker build --help   
    
    Usage:  docker build [OPTIONS] PATH | URL | -
    
    Build an image from a Dockerfile
    
    Options:
          --add-host list           Add a custom host-to-IP mapping (host:ip)
          --build-arg list          Set build-time variables
          --cache-from strings      Images to consider as cache sources
          --cgroup-parent string    Optional parent cgroup for the container
          --compress                Compress the build context using gzip
          --cpu-period int          Limit the CPU CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler) period
          --cpu-quota int           Limit the CPU CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler) quota
      -c, --cpu-shares int          CPU shares (relative weight)
          --cpuset-cpus string      CPUs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1)
          --cpuset-mems string      MEMs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1)
          --disable-content-trust   Skip image verification (default true)
      -f, --file string             Name of the Dockerfile (Default is 'PATH/Dockerfile')
          --force-rm                Always remove intermediate containers
          --iidfile string          Write the image ID to the file
          --isolation string        Container isolation technology
          --label list              Set metadata for an image
      -m, --memory bytes            Memory limit
          --memory-swap bytes       Swap limit equal to memory plus swap: '-1' to enable unlimited swap
          --network string          Set the networking mode for the RUN instructions during build (default "default")
          --no-cache                Do not use cache when building the image
          --pull                    Always attempt to pull a newer version of the image
      -q, --quiet                   Suppress the build output and print image ID on success
          --rm                      Remove intermediate containers after a successful build (default true)
          --security-opt strings    Security options
          --shm-size bytes          Size of /dev/shm
      -t, --tag list                Name and optionally a tag in the 'name:tag' format
          --target string           Set the target build stage to build.
          --ulimit ulimit           Ulimit options (default [])
    [root@VM-0-7-centos dfiles]#
    [root@VM-0-7-centos dfiles]#

![在这里插入图片描述][c16d9ece09af46daa03a713554cabac3.png]

--------------------

### docker build 通过dockerfile构建镜像 ###

# 通过这个文件构建镜像 
    #  命令 docker build -f 文件路径 -t 镜像名:[tag] .  （路径）
    
    [root@VM-0-7-centos dfiles]# docker build -f artisan-centos -t artisan-centos:0.1  . 
    Sending build context to Docker daemon  2.048kB
    Step 1/9 : FROM centos
     ---> 5d0da3dc9764
    Step 2/9 : MAINTAINER  artisan@artisan.com
     ---> Running in 27cb6c9d895c
    Removing intermediate container 27cb6c9d895c
     ---> 29294f1d8e36
    Step 3/9 : ENV MYPATH /usr/local
     ---> Running in 05c3deb8fd0f
    Removing intermediate container 05c3deb8fd0f
     ---> db06a98c3f9d
    Step 4/9 : WORKDIR  $MYPATH
     ---> Running in 2b1072aaba22
    Removing intermediate container 2b1072aaba22
     ---> a8849a4c2da5
    Step 5/9 : RUN yum -y install vim
     ---> Running in 1ed0427ca12b
    CentOS Linux 8 - AppStream                      8.8 MB/s | 9.3 MB     00:01
    CentOS Linux 8 - BaseOS                          19 MB/s | 7.5 MB     00:00
    CentOS Linux 8 - Extras                          27 kB/s |  10 kB     00:00
    Dependencies resolved.
    ================================================================================
     Package             Arch        Version                   Repository      Size
    ================================================================================
    Installing:
     vim-enhanced        x86_64      2:8.0.1763-15.el8         appstream      1.4 M
    Installing dependencies:
     gpm-libs            x86_64      1.20.7-17.el8             appstream       39 k
     vim-common          x86_64      2:8.0.1763-15.el8         appstream      6.3 M
     vim-filesystem      noarch      2:8.0.1763-15.el8         appstream       48 k
     which               x86_64      2.21-12.el8               baseos          49 k
    
    Transaction Summary
    ================================================================================
    Install  5 Packages
    
    Total download size: 7.8 M
    Installed size: 30 M
    Downloading Packages:
    (1/5): gpm-libs-1.20.7-17.el8.x86_64.rpm        364 kB/s |  39 kB     00:00
    (2/5): vim-filesystem-8.0.1763-15.el8.noarch.rp 818 kB/s |  48 kB     00:00
    (3/5): which-2.21-12.el8.x86_64.rpm             1.3 MB/s |  49 kB     00:00
    (4/5): vim-enhanced-8.0.1763-15.el8.x86_64.rpm  5.3 MB/s | 1.4 MB     00:00
    (5/5): vim-common-8.0.1763-15.el8.x86_64.rpm     17 MB/s | 6.3 MB     00:00
    --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Total                                           5.6 MB/s | 7.8 MB     00:01
    warning: /var/cache/dnf/appstream-02e86d1c976ab532/packages/gpm-libs-1.20.7-17.el8.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID 8483c65d: NOKEY
    CentOS Linux 8 - AppStream                      130 kB/s | 1.6 kB     00:00
    Importing GPG key 0x8483C65D:
     Userid     : "CentOS (CentOS Official Signing Key) <security@centos.org>"
     Fingerprint: 99DB 70FA E1D7 CE22 7FB6 4882 05B5 55B3 8483 C65D
     From       : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-centosofficial
    Key imported successfully
    Running transaction check
    Transaction check succeeded. Running transaction test
    Transaction test succeeded. Running transaction
      Preparing        :                                                        1/1
      Installing       : which-2.21-12.el8.x86_64                               1/5
      Installing       : vim-filesystem-2:8.0.1763-15.el8.noarch                2/5
      Installing       : vim-common-2:8.0.1763-15.el8.x86_64                    3/5
      Installing       : gpm-libs-1.20.7-17.el8.x86_64                          4/5
      Running scriptlet: gpm-libs-1.20.7-17.el8.x86_64                          4/5
      Installing       : vim-enhanced-2:8.0.1763-15.el8.x86_64                  5/5
      Running scriptlet: vim-enhanced-2:8.0.1763-15.el8.x86_64                  5/5
      Running scriptlet: vim-common-2:8.0.1763-15.el8.x86_64                    5/5
      Verifying        : gpm-libs-1.20.7-17.el8.x86_64                          1/5
      Verifying        : vim-common-2:8.0.1763-15.el8.x86_64                    2/5
      Verifying        : vim-enhanced-2:8.0.1763-15.el8.x86_64                  3/5
      Verifying        : vim-filesystem-2:8.0.1763-15.el8.noarch                4/5
      Verifying        : which-2.21-12.el8.x86_64                               5/5
    
    Installed:
      gpm-libs-1.20.7-17.el8.x86_64         vim-common-2:8.0.1763-15.el8.x86_64
      vim-enhanced-2:8.0.1763-15.el8.x86_64 vim-filesystem-2:8.0.1763-15.el8.noarch
      which-2.21-12.el8.x86_64
    
    Complete!
    Removing intermediate container 1ed0427ca12b
     ---> f3576d019b4c
    Step 6/9 : RUN yum -y install net-tools
     ---> Running in 34aa99eae420
    Last metadata expiration check: 0:00:12 ago on Wed Oct 13 16:48:57 2021.
    Dependencies resolved.
    ================================================================================
     Package         Architecture Version                        Repository    Size
    ================================================================================
    Installing:
     net-tools       x86_64       2.0-0.52.20160912git.el8       baseos       322 k
    
    Transaction Summary
    ================================================================================
    Install  1 Package
    
    Total download size: 322 k
    Installed size: 942 k
    Downloading Packages:
    net-tools-2.0-0.52.20160912git.el8.x86_64.rpm   9.5 MB/s | 322 kB     00:00
    --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Total                                           604 kB/s | 322 kB     00:00
    Running transaction check
    Transaction check succeeded. Running transaction test
    Transaction test succeeded. Running transaction
      Preparing        :                                                        1/1
      Installing       : net-tools-2.0-0.52.20160912git.el8.x86_64              1/1
      Running scriptlet: net-tools-2.0-0.52.20160912git.el8.x86_64              1/1
      Verifying        : net-tools-2.0-0.52.20160912git.el8.x86_64              1/1
    
    Installed:
      net-tools-2.0-0.52.20160912git.el8.x86_64
    
    Complete!
    Removing intermediate container 34aa99eae420
     ---> d71b7d53d1e3
    Step 7/9 : EXPOSE 80
     ---> Running in 0cb2dfa57d63
    Removing intermediate container 0cb2dfa57d63
     ---> 8c68c1ba1995
    Step 8/9 : CMD echo $MYPATH
     ---> Running in 5d1480e72c54
    Removing intermediate container 5d1480e72c54
     ---> 03bb5037e4cd
    Step 9/9 : CMD /bin/bash
     ---> Running in 453d2bddf83b
    Removing intermediate container 453d2bddf83b
     ---> fed722a5031b
    Successfully built fed722a5031b
    Successfully tagged artisan-centos:0.1
    [root@VM-0-7-centos dfiles]#
    [root@VM-0-7-centos dfiles]#
    [root@VM-0-7-centos dfiles]#

![在这里插入图片描述][dcee6f1810824aea9cad01415e79027e.png]

--------------------

### 启动新镜像，验证 ###

启动这个镜像，再次进入这个容器内，看看 vim 和 ipconfig 这

上一步指定了tag 0.1 ,所里这里要指定tag号，不然会找latest
    [root@VM-0-7-centos dfiles]# docker run -it artisan-centos:0.1
    [root@21ec25b4785f local]#
    [root@21ec25b4785f local]#
    [root@21ec25b4785f local]#
    [root@21ec25b4785f local]#
    [root@21ec25b4785f local]# ifconfig
    eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
            inet 172.18.0.3  netmask 255.255.0.0  broadcast 172.18.255.255
            ether 02:42:ac:12:00:03  txqueuelen 0  (Ethernet)
            RX packets 7  bytes 586 (586.0 B)
            RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
            TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
            TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0
    
    lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536
            inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0
            loop  txqueuelen 1000  (Local Loopback)
            RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
            RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
            TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
            TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0
    
    [root@21ec25b4785f local]# vim a.txt
    [root@21ec25b4785f local]#

![在这里插入图片描述][a8a6fc46dc8b4464a9faaca4815a35b2.gif_pic_center]

--------------------

## docker history 查看镜像历史信息 ##

[root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker ps
    CONTAINER ID   IMAGE                 COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS          PORTS                                                                                  NAMES
    21ec25b4785f   artisan-centos:0.1    "/bin/sh -c /bin/bash"   13 minutes ago   Up 13 minutes   80/tcp                                                                                 tender_mcclintock
    3eab753d9573   portainer/portainer   "/portainer"             7 days ago       Up 7 days       0.0.0.0:8000->8000/tcp, :::8000->8000/tcp, 0.0.0.0:9000->9000/tcp, :::9000->9000/tcp   portainer
     
     
    [root@VM-0-7-centos ~]#
    [root@VM-0-7-centos ~]# docker history artisan-centos:0.1
    IMAGE          CREATED          CREATED BY                                      SIZE      COMMENT
    fed722a5031b   15 minutes ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop)  CMD ["/bin/sh" "-c" "/bin…   0B
    03bb5037e4cd   15 minutes ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop)  CMD ["/bin/sh" "-c" "echo…   0B
    8c68c1ba1995   15 minutes ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop)  EXPOSE 80                    0B
    d71b7d53d1e3   15 minutes ago   /bin/sh -c yum -y install net-tools             32.3MB
    f3576d019b4c   15 minutes ago   /bin/sh -c yum -y install vim                   72.6MB
    a8849a4c2da5   16 minutes ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop) WORKDIR /usr/local            0B
    db06a98c3f9d   16 minutes ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop)  ENV MYPATH=/usr/local        0B
    29294f1d8e36   16 minutes ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop)  MAINTAINER artisan@artisa…   0B
    5d0da3dc9764   3 weeks ago      /bin/sh -c #(nop)  CMD ["/bin/bash"]            0B
    <missing>      3 weeks ago      /bin/sh -c #(nop)  LABEL org.label-schema.sc…   0B
    <missing>      3 weeks ago      /bin/sh -c #(nop) ADD file:805cb5e15fb6e0bb0…   231MB
    [root@VM-0-7-centos ~]#

![在这里插入图片描述][444cf35f13b4431e86e115ab8d7bc1f2.gif_pic_center]

[watermark_type_ZHJvaWRzYW5zZmFsbGJhY2s_shadow_50_text_Q1NETiBA5bCP5bCP5bel5Yyg_size_20_color_FFFFFF_t_70_g_se_x_16]: /images/20220828/54fad445188e4b26822f60d60e8fc994.png
[68e2bb2200cc4ff9893aa10bdfa48a45.gif_pic_center]: /images/20220828/eecf34da159344278a6e6d1a8dee388b.png
[watermark_type_ZHJvaWRzYW5zZmFsbGJhY2s_shadow_50_text_Q1NETiBA5bCP5bCP5bel5Yyg_size_20_color_FFFFFF_t_70_g_se_x_16 1]: /images/20220828/c269b687212a4e069508fbccbd0f210f.png
[c16d9ece09af46daa03a713554cabac3.png]: /images/20220828/6da7634f5eab4969a05bb7b2f1f3feef.png
[dcee6f1810824aea9cad01415e79027e.png]: /images/20220828/bae3f18d46de4f9f98360fca3a774d27.png
[a8a6fc46dc8b4464a9faaca4815a35b2.gif_pic_center]: /images/20220828/47f6dbb27d5a4c7386aea285d61a6aa6.png
[444cf35f13b4431e86e115ab8d7bc1f2.gif_pic_center]: /images/20220828/37a335bccfee459ebbff5e979b58558a.png