Python网络编程（九）-使用twisted框架进行TCP网络链接相关应用的开发，包括server和client

向右看齐 2022-09-14 00:26 216阅读 0赞

**1. twisted简介：**

twisted是一个网络开发框架，可以开发完整的异步网络应用程序和协议，因为twisted提供了网络协议，线程，安全性和身份验证，IM，DBMS数据库集成，WEB，EMAIL，GUI集成开发工具...等一系列组件提供给开发这使用，它是一个完整的事件驱动的网络框架。

**2.twisted的特点：**

从twisted简介中可以看出，twisted具有以下特点：

.作为框架，支持各种网络协议，例如：TCP/IP，UDP，SSL/TLS、HTTP、IMAP、SSH、IRC以及FTP;

.提供了GUI集成开发工具，同时，也提供了各种协议的服务端和客户端的实现；

.基于事件驱动，事件是twisted运转的核心，是发生各种动作的启动器；

.跨平台，twisted是一个跨平台的网络应用程序开发框架。

**3.twisted的安装：**

由于twisted不是python标准库，所以需要手动安装，用pip install twisted命令进行安装，方法如下：

pip install twisted
    #如果提示“ERROR：...Consider using the `--user` option or check the permissions.”，则加上 --user参数，如下：
    pip install twisted --user

也可以参考如下链接：

[python3可视化-pyecharts的安装出错，“ERROR: Could not install packages due to an EnvironmentError: \[Errno 13\]“\_liranke的专栏-CSDN博客利用pyecharts可以制作可视化图形。网址：https://github.com/pyecharts/pyecharts。安装出错：Installing collected packages: MarkupSafe, jinja2, wcwidth, prettytable, simplejson, pyechartsERROR: Could not install packages due to an EnvironmentError: \[Errno 13\] Permission denied![favicon32.ico][]https://blog.csdn.net/liranke/article/details/119817780][python3_-pyecharts_ERROR_ Could not install packages due to an EnvironmentError_ _Errno 13_liranke_-CSDN_pyecharts_https_github.com_pyecharts_pyecharts_Installing collected packages_ MarkupSafe_ jinja2_ wcwidth_ prettytable_ simplejson_ pyechartsERROR_ Could not install packages due to an EnvironmentError_ _Errno 13_ Permission denied_favicon32.ico_https_blog.csdn.net_liranke_article_details_119817780]

**3.twisted案例：一个简单的TCP链接的实现，包括服务端和客户端**

**程序功能：客户端发消息给服务端，服务端将收到消息的时间和收到的消息一起发送给客户端。**

程序清单：

**server端代码（wisted\_server.py）：**

#!/usr/bin/python3
    # -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
    
    from twisted.internet.protocol import Protocol, ClientFactory
    from twisted.internet import reactor
    # from twisted.python.compat import raw_input
    
    IP_HOST = "127.0.0.1"
    IP_PORT = 7777
    
    
    class MyClientProtocol(Protocol):
    
        def sendData(self):
            data = input("> ")  # raw_input
            if data:
                print("send: %s" % data)
                self.transport.write(str.encode(data))
            else:
                self.transport.loseConnection()
    
        def connectionMade(self):
            print("connectionMade of client")
            self.sendData()
    
        def dataReceived(self, data):
            print("recv:" + data.decode())
            self.sendData()
    
    
    class MyClientFactory(ClientFactory):
        protocol = MyClientProtocol
        clientConnectionLost = clientConnectionFailed = \
            lambda self, connector, reason: reactor.stop()
    
    
    # main function
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        print("======twisted client main begin======")
        print("connect server...")
        reactor.connectTCP(IP_HOST, IP_PORT, MyClientFactory())
        reactor.run()

**client端代码（twisted\_client.py）：**

#!/usr/bin/python3
    # -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
    
    from twisted.internet.protocol import Protocol, Factory
    from twisted.internet import reactor
    
    from time import ctime
    
    IP_PORT = 7777
    clients = []
    class MyServerProtocol(Protocol):
    
        def connectionMade(self):
            clnt = self.clnt = self.transport.getPeer().host
            print("connected from:" + clnt)
            # self.factory.numProtocols = self.factory.numProtocols + 1
            # self.transport.write(
            #     "欢迎来到Spread Site, 你是第%s个客户端用户!\n" % (self.factory.numProtocols)
            # )
            # print
            # "new connect: %d" % (self.factory.numProtocols)
            # clients.append(self)
    
        def connectionLost(self, reason):
            print("lost connection")
            # self.factory.numProtocols = self.factory.numProtocols - 1
            # clients.remove(self)
            # print("lost connect: %d" % (self.factory.numProtocols))
    
        def dataReceived(self, data):
            data_str = data.decode()
            print("dataReceived:" + data_str)
            if data_str == "quit":
                self.transport.loseConnection()
            else:
                send_str = '[%s] %s' % (ctime(), data_str)
                send_bytes = str.encode(send_str)
                #print("data send:" + data_str)
                self.transport.write(send_bytes)
    
    
    #main function
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        print("======twisted server main begin======")
        factory = Factory()
        factory.protocol = MyServerProtocol
        print("listent...")
        reactor.listenTCP(IP_PORT, factory)
        reactor.run()

运行结果：

**server端运行结果：**

> python twisted\_server.py  
> ======twisted server main begin======  
> listent...  
> connected from:127.0.0.1  
> dataReceived:12345  
> dataReceived:qwert  
> dataReceived:quit  
> lost connection

**client端运行结果：**

>   
> python twisted\_client.py  
> ======twisted client main begin======  
> connect server...  
> connectionMade of client  
> > 12345  
> send: 12345  
> recv:\[Wed Sep 29 08:59:48 2021\] 12345  
> > qwert  
> send: qwert  
> recv:\[Wed Sep 29 08:59:50 2021\] qwert  
> > quit  
> send: quit
> 
> Process finished with exit code 0

--------------------

利用成熟的框架，不必重新建轮子。

[favicon32.ico]: /images/20220828/f05c550d577649468f6a7e5f8405f566.png
[python3_-pyecharts_ERROR_ Could not install packages due to an EnvironmentError_ _Errno 13_liranke_-CSDN_pyecharts_https_github.com_pyecharts_pyecharts_Installing collected packages_ MarkupSafe_ jinja2_ wcwidth_ prettytable_ simplejson_ pyechartsERROR_ Could not install packages due to an EnvironmentError_ _Errno 13_ Permission denied_favicon32.ico_https_blog.csdn.net_liranke_article_details_119817780]: https://blog.csdn.net/liranke/article/details/119817780