Java - ArrayList 中 elementData 为什么被 transient 修饰？

今天药忘吃喽~ 2022-09-13 15:23 133阅读 0赞

Java的ArrayList中,定义了一个数组elementData用来装载对象的，具体定义如下

/**
     * The array buffer into which the elements of the ArrayList are stored.
     * The capacity of the ArrayList is the length of this array buffer. Any
     * empty ArrayList with elementData == DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA
     * will be expanded to DEFAULT_CAPACITY when the first element is added.
     */
    transient Object[] elementData; // non-private to simplify nested class access

transient用来表示一个域不是该对象序行化的一部分，当一个对象被序行化的时候，transient修饰的变量的值是不包括在序行化的表示中的。但是ArrayList又是可序行化的类，elementData是ArrayList具体存放元素的成员，用transient来修饰elementData，岂不是反序列化后的ArrayList丢失了原先的元素？其实玄机在于ArrayList中的两个方法

/**
     * Save the state of the <tt>ArrayList</tt> instance to a stream (that
     * is, serialize it).
     *
     * @serialData The length of the array backing the <tt>ArrayList</tt>
     *             instance is emitted (int), followed by all of its elements
     *             (each an <tt>Object</tt>) in the proper order.
     */
    private void writeObject(java.io.ObjectOutputStream s)
        throws java.io.IOException{
        // Write out element count, and any hidden stuff
        int expectedModCount = modCount;
        s.defaultWriteObject();
     
        // Write out size as capacity for behavioural compatibility with clone()
        s.writeInt(size);
     
        // Write out all elements in the proper order.
        for (int i=0; i<size; i++) {
            s.writeObject(elementData[i]);
        }
     
        if (modCount != expectedModCount) {
            throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
        }
    }

/**
     * Reconstitute the <tt>ArrayList</tt> instance from a stream (that is,
     * deserialize it).
     */
    private void readObject(java.io.ObjectInputStream s)
        throws java.io.IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
        elementData = EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA;
     
        // Read in size, and any hidden stuff
        s.defaultReadObject();
     
        // Read in capacity
        s.readInt(); // ignored
     
        if (size > 0) {
            // be like clone(), allocate array based upon size not capacity
            ensureCapacityInternal(size);
     
            Object[] a = elementData;
            // Read in all elements in the proper order.
            for (int i=0; i<size; i++) {
                a[i] = s.readObject();
            }
        }
    }

ArrayList在序列化的时候会调用writeObject，直接将size和element写入ObjectOutputStream；反序列化时调用readObject，从ObjectInputStream获取size和element，再恢复到elementData。

为什么不直接用elementData来序列化，而采用上诉的方式来实现序列化呢？原因在于elementData是一个缓存数组，它通常会预留一些容量，等容量不足时再扩充容量，那么有些空间可能就没有实际存储元素，采用上诉的方式来实现序列化时，就可以保证只序列化实际存储的那些元素，而不是整个数组，从而节省空间和时间。