Prometheus监控docker容器

待我称王封你为后i 2022-09-05 01:41 234阅读 0赞

# Prometheus（普罗米修斯）监控 #

[Prometheus][]是最初在[SoundCloud上][SoundCloud]构建的开源系统监视和警报工具包 。自2012年成立以来，许多公司和组织都采用了Prometheus，该项目拥有非常活跃的开发人员和用户[社区][Link 1] 。

## 使用prometheus的特性 ##

*  **易管理性**

Prometheus核心部分只有一个单独的二进制文件，可直接在本地工作，不依赖于分布式存储

*  **不依赖分布式存储，单服务器节点是自治的**
 *  **高效**
    
    单一Prometheus可以处理数以百万的监控指标；每秒处理数十万
    
    的数据点
 *  **易于伸缩**
    
    Prometheus提供多种语言 的客户端SDK，这些SDK可以快速让应用程序纳入到Prometheus的监控当中
 *  **通过服务发现或静态配置发现目标**
 *  **良好的可视化**

除了自带的可视化web界面，还有另外最新的`Grafana`可视化工具也提供了完整的Proetheus支持，基于 Prometheus提供的API还可以实现自己的监控可视化UI

## docker搭建prometheus监控 ##

**环境：**

*  全部关闭防火墙，禁用selinux

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>主机</th> 
   <th>IP</th> 
   <th>安装组件</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>machine</td> 
   <td>172.16.46.111</td> 
   <td>NodeEXporter、cAdvisor、 Prometheus Server、Grafana</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>node01</td> 
   <td>172.16.46.112</td> 
   <td>NodeEXporter、cAdvisor</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>node02</td> 
   <td>172.16.46.113</td> 
   <td>NodeEXporter、cAdvisor</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

**安装prometheus组件说明：**

> `Prometheus Server:` 普罗米修斯的主服务器,**端口号9090**  
> `NodeEXporter:` 负责收集Host硬件信息和操作系统信息，**端口号9100**  
> `cAdvisor:`负责收集Host上运行的容器信息,**端口号占用8080**  
> `Grafana：`负责展示普罗米修斯监控界面，**端口号3000**
> 
> `altermanager：`等待接收prometheus发过来的告警信息，**altermanager再发送给定义的收件人**

### 部署node-EXporter,收集硬件和系统信息 ###

#3台主机都要安装
    docker run -d -p 9100:9100 -v /proc:/host/proc -v /sys:/host/sys -v /:/rootfs --net=host prom/node-exporter --path.procfs /host/proc --path.sysfs /host/sys --collector.filesystem.ignored-mount-points "^/(sys|proc|dev|host|etc)($|/)"

PS：注意，为了网络的高效率，我们的网络使用的是host

**验证收集效果**  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzgxNTE0MA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]

## 部署安装cAdvisor，收集节点容器信息 ##

#3台都要安装
    docker run -v /:/rootfs:ro -v /var/run:/var/run/:rw -v /sys:/sys:ro -v /var/lib/docker:/var/lib/docker:ro -p 8080:8080 --detach=true --name=cadvisor --net=host google/cadvisor

**验证收集效果**传递

![\[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-tH4l32UL-1629090497750)(C:\\Users\\Administrator\\AppData\\Roaming\\Typora\\typora-user-images\\1597400808355.png)\]][img-tH4l32UL-1629090497750_C_Users_Administrator_AppData_Roaming_Typora_typora-user-images_1597400808355.png]

## 部署prometheus-server服务 ##

先启动一个prometheus服务，目的是复制他的配置文件，修改配置文件，prometheus挂载这个文件

mkdir /prometheus
    docker run -d --name test -P prom/prometheus
    docker cp test:/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml /prometheus
    #编辑prometheus配置文件，在static_configs下面修改为
    #以下添加的ip都将会被监控起来
        - targets: ['localhost:9090','localhost:8080','localhost:9100','172.16.46.112:8080','172.16.46.112:9100','172.16.46.113:8080','172.16.46.113:9100']

**重新运行prometheus服务**

收集cAdvisor和nodexporter的信息到prometheus

docker rm -f test
    docker run -d --name prometheus --net host -p 9090:9090 -v /prometheus/prometheus.yml:/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml prom/prometheus

**访问测试**

进入首页会看到

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzgxNTE0MA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzgxNTE0MA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2]

在这里会出现简单的图形展示，和显然，这样看的话还得根据条件筛选着看，而且界面很简单，所以我们还要接入grafana  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzgxNTE0MA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3]

## 在prometheus服务器上部署grafana ##

#### grafana主要概念 ####

*  插件：扩展功能作用，完成不能完成的事
 *  数据源：连接数据源，通过数据源提供数据 来出图
 *  dashboard：展示面板，出什么样的图

grafana在zabbix应用参考： https://blog.csdn.net/weixin\_43815140/article/details/106109605

**部署grafana**

mkdir /grafana
    chmod 777 -R /grafana
    docker run -d -p 3000:3000 --name grafana -v /grafana:/var/lib/grafana -e "GF_SECURITY_ADMIN_PASSWORD=123.com" grafana/grafana

![在这里插入图片描述][648dba65ca8e462b97611f8fa3888b75.png]

**访问测试**  
**默认的用户名和密码：**

> username：admin  
> password：123.com

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzgxNTE0MA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4]

登录进去，添加数据源

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzgxNTE0MA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 5]

连接prometheus

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzgxNTE0MA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 6]

点击save&test开始开始连接

![在这里插入图片描述][b2643816e86a46be82fefbe47bce2beb.png]

看到以上说明连接成功，不过还需要dashboard来展示图案

prometheus提供3种自带的方案

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzgxNTE0MA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 7]

import后看一下效果

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzgxNTE0MA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 8]

看起来效果比原来好的太多了，不过

grafana官网提供了更多的模板让我们选择 [官网模板][Link 2]根据我们的需求可以在官网挑选一款合适自己环境的模板不是很难。

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzgxNTE0MA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 9]

## 导入模板的2种方式 ##

*  下载JSON文件到本地，uoload上传导入
 *  直接输入ID，load就会自动加载到这个模板

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzgxNTE0MA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 10]

我们就导入上面的模板为例

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzgxNTE0MA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 11]

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzgxNTE0MA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 12]

小微调试以后，会出现

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzgxNTE0MA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 13]

不过这只是监控的宿主机资源信息，如果我们想看docker容器的信息

在官网查找与docker有关的模板导入并使用

找到一款全部适合的（ID：11600）  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzgxNTE0MA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 14]

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzgxNTE0MA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 15]

## 配置Alertmanager报警 ##

**启动 AlertManager 来接受 Prometheus 发送过来的报警信息，并执行各种方式的报警**。

**alertmanager与prometheus工作流程如下**

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzgxNTE0MA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 16]

*  **prometheus收集监测的信息**
 *  **prometheus.yml文件定义rules文件，rules里包括了告警信息**
 *  **prometheus把报警信息push给alertmanager ，alertmanager里面有定义收件人和发件人**
 *  **alertmanager发送文件给邮箱或微信**

**告警等级**

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzgxNTE0MA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 17]

**同样以 Docker 方式启动 AlertManager**

同prometheus一样，先启动一个test容器，拷贝下来alertmanager的配置文件

mkdir /alertmanager
    docker run -d --name test -p 9093:9093 prom/alertmanager
    docker cp test:/etc/alertmanager/alertmanager.yml /alertmanager
    cp alertmanager.yml alertmanager.yml.bak

> AlertManager 默认配置文件为 alertmanager.yml，在容器内路径为`/etc/alertmanager/alertmanager.yml`

这里 `AlertManager` 默认启动的端口为 **9093**，启动完成后，**浏览器访问http://:9093** 可以看到默认提供的 UI 页面，不过现在是没有任何告警信息的，因为我们还没有配置报警规则来触发报警

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzgxNTE0MA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 18]

## 配置alertmanager邮箱报警 ##

**查看alertmanager的配置文件**

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzgxNTE0MA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 19]

> 简单介绍一下主要配置的作用：简单介绍一下主要配置的作用：
> 
> **global:** 全局配置，包括报警解决后的超时时间、SMTP 相关配置、各种渠道通知的 API 地址等等。
> 
> **route:** 用来设置报警的分发策略，它是一个树状结构，按照深度优先从左向右的顺序进行匹配。
> 
> **receivers**: 配置告警消息接受者信息，例如常用的 email、wechat、slack、webhook 等消息通知方式。
> 
> **inhibit\_rules**: 抑制规则配置，当存在与另一组匹配的警报（源）时，抑制规则将禁用与一组匹配的报警（目标）。

配置邮箱报警，首先我们邮箱需要开启SMTP服务，并获取唯一标识码

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzgxNTE0MA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 20]

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzgxNTE0MA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 21]

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzgxNTE0MA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 22]

**编辑alertmanager.yml文件**

编辑报警媒介等相关信息

global:
      resolve_timeout: 5m
      smtp_from: 'Sunny_lzs@foxmail.com'  #定义发送的邮箱
      smtp_smarthost: 'smtp.qq.com:465'
      smtp_auth_username: 'Sunny_lzs@foxmail.com'
      smtp_auth_password: 'iwxrdwmdgofdbbdc'
      smtp_require_tls: false
      smtp_hello: 'qq.com'
    route:
      group_by: ['alertname']
      group_wait: 5s
      group_interval: 5s
      repeat_interval: 5m
      receiver: 'email'
    receivers:
    - name: 'email'
      email_configs:
      - to: 'Sunny_lzs@foxmail.com' #定义接收的邮箱
        send_resolved: true
    inhibit_rules:
      - source_match:
          severity: 'critical'
        target_match:
          severity: 'warning'
        equal: ['alertname', 'dev', 'instance']

**重启alertmanager容器**

docker rm -f test
    docker run -d --name alertmanager -p 9093:9093 -v /alertmanager/alertmanager.yml:/etc/alertmanager/alertmanager.yml prom/alertmanager

![在这里插入图片描述][5c50e13cd6314aa99da95ea96f64e2ad.png]

## prometheus添加alertmanager报警规则 ##

接下来，我们需要在 Prometheus 配置 AlertManager 服务地址以及告警规则，新建报警规则文件 `node-up.rules` 如下

mkdir /prometheus/rules
    cd /prometheus/rules
    vim node-up.rules
    groups:
    - name: node-up
      rules:
      - alert: node-up
        expr: up{ job="prometheus"} == 0
        for: 15s
        labels:
          severity: 1 
          team: node
        annotations:
          summary: "{ { $labels.instance }} 已停止运行超过 15s！"

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzgxNTE0MA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 23]

**修改prometheus.yml文件，添加rules规则**

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzgxNTE0MA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 24]

> PS:这里 rule\_files 为容器内路径，需要将本地 node-up.rules 文件挂载到容器内指定路径，修改 Prometheus 启动命令如下，并重启服务。

docker rm -f prometheus
    docker run -d --name prometheus -p 9090:9090 -v /prometheus/prometheus.yml:/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml -v /prometheus/rules:/usr/local/prometheus/rules --net host prom/prometheus

**在prometheus上查看相应的规则**  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzgxNTE0MA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 25]

## 触发报警发送邮件 ##

关掉其中一个服务就ok

[root@docker02 ~]# docker ps
    CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
    8d1cc177b58e        google/cadvisor      "/usr/bin/cadvisor -…"   4 hours ago         Up 4 hours                              cadvisor
    b2417dbd850f        prom/node-exporter   "/bin/node_exporter …"   4 hours ago         Up 4 hours                              gallant_proskuriakova
    [root@docker02 ~]# docker stop 8d1cc177b58e
    8d1cc177b58e

![\[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-LVtZrbJC-1629090497787)(C:\\Users\\Administrator\\AppData\\Roaming\\Typora\\typora-user-images\\1597414593884.png)\]][img-LVtZrbJC-1629090497787_C_Users_Administrator_AppData_Roaming_Typora_typora-user-images_1597414593884.png]

**查看邮件**

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzgxNTE0MA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 26]

## Alertmanager自定义邮件报警 ##

上面虽然已经可以做出报警，但是我们想让报警信息更加直观一些

alertmanager支持自定义邮件模板的

首先新建一个模板文件 **email.tmpl**

mkdir /alertmanager/template
    vim email.tmpl
    { {  define "email.from" }}Sunny_lzs@foxmail.com{ {  end }}
    { {  define "email.to" }}Sunny_lzs@foxmail.com{ {  end }}
    { {  define "email.to.html" }}
    { {  range .Alerts }}
    =========start==========<br>
    告警程序: prometheus_alert<br>
    告警级别: { {  .Labels.severity }} 级<br>
    告警类型: { {  .Labels.alertname }}<br>
    故障主机: { {  .Labels.instance }}<br>
    告警主题: { {  .Annotations.summary }}<br>
    触发时间: { {  (.StartsAt.Add 28800e9).Format "2006-01-02 15:04:05" }} <br>
    =========end==========<br>
    { {  end }}
    { {  end }}

**修改alertmanager文件**

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzgxNTE0MA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 27]

**重建altermanager**

[root@docker01 ~]# docker rm -f alertmanager 
    [root@docker01 ~]# docker run -d --name alertmanager -p 9093:9093 -v /root/alertmanager.yml:/etc/alertmanager/alertmanager.yml -v /alertmanager/template:/etc/alertmanager-tmpl prom/alertmanager

**测试**

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzgxNTE0MA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 28]

PS：模板里面的`{ { (.StartsAt.Add 28800e9).Format "2006-01-02 15:04:05" }}`是我们添加东八区时间以后的样子.

## 扩展案例：添加主机CPU，内存，磁盘等报警监控规则 ##

**recording\_rules规则：** 记录规则允许您预先计算经常需要的或计算开销较大的表达式，并将它们的结果保存为一组新的时间序列。查询预先计算的结果通常比每次需要执行原始表达式时要快得多

**alert\_rules规则:** 警报规则允许您基于Prometheus表达式语言表达式定义警报条件，并向外部服务发送关于触发警报的通知

**PS： 记录和警报规则的名称必须是有效的指标名称**

因为我们已经定义了规则存放在`/prometheus/rules/*.rules`结尾的文件

所以，我们可以把所有的规则写到这里

在prometheus.yml同级目录下创建两个报警规则配置文件**node-exporter-record-rule.yml**，**node-exporter-alert-rule.yml**。第一个文件用于**记录规则**，第二个是**报警规则**。

#prometheus关于报警规则配置
    rule_files:
      - "/usr/local/prometheus/rules/*.rules"

**PS：\*.rules里面的job一定要与prometheus里面对应**

scrape_configs:
      # The job name is added as a label `job=<job_name>` to any timeseries scraped from this config.
      - job_name: 'node-exporter'

**添加记录**

#关于node-exporter-record.rules
    groups:
      - name: node-exporter-record
        rules:
        - expr: up{ job="node-exporter"}
          record: node_exporter:up
          labels:
            desc: "节点是否在线, 在线1,不在线0"
            unit: " "
            job: "node-exporter"
        - expr: time() - node_boot_time_seconds{ }
          record: node_exporter:node_uptime
          labels:
            desc: "节点的运行时间"
            unit: "s"
            job: "node-exporter"
    ##############################################################################################
    # cpu #
        - expr: (1 - avg by (environment,instance) (irate(node_cpu_seconds_total{ job="node-exporter",mode="idle"}[5m])))  * 100
          record: node_exporter:cpu:total:percent
          labels:
            desc: "节点的cpu总消耗百分比"
            unit: "%"
            job: "node-exporter"
    
        - expr: (avg by (environment,instance) (irate(node_cpu_seconds_total{ job="node-exporter",mode="idle"}[5m])))  * 100
          record: node_exporter:cpu:idle:percent
          labels:
            desc: "节点的cpu idle百分比"
            unit: "%"
            job: "node-exporter"
    
        - expr: (avg by (environment,instance) (irate(node_cpu_seconds_total{ job="node-exporter",mode="iowait"}[5m])))  * 100
          record: node_exporter:cpu:iowait:percent
          labels:
            desc: "节点的cpu iowait百分比"
            unit: "%"
            job: "node-exporter"
    
    
        - expr: (avg by (environment,instance) (irate(node_cpu_seconds_total{ job="node-exporter",mode="system"}[5m])))  * 100
          record: node_exporter:cpu:system:percent
          labels:
            desc: "节点的cpu system百分比"
            unit: "%"
            job: "node-exporter"
    
        - expr: (avg by (environment,instance) (irate(node_cpu_seconds_total{ job="node-exporter",mode="user"}[5m])))  * 100
          record: node_exporter:cpu:user:percent
          labels:
            desc: "节点的cpu user百分比"
            unit: "%"
            job: "node-exporter"
    
        - expr: (avg by (environment,instance) (irate(node_cpu_seconds_total{ job="node-exporter",mode=~"softirq|nice|irq|steal"}[5m])))  * 100
          record: node_exporter:cpu:other:percent
          labels:
            desc: "节点的cpu 其他的百分比"
            unit: "%"
            job: "node-exporter"
    ##############################################################################################
    
    
    ##############################################################################################
    # memory #
        - expr: node_memory_MemTotal_bytes{ job="node-exporter"}
          record: node_exporter:memory:total
          labels:
            desc: "节点的内存总量"
            unit: byte
            job: "node-exporter"
    
        - expr: node_memory_MemFree_bytes{ job="node-exporter"}
          record: node_exporter:memory:free
          labels:
            desc: "节点的剩余内存量"
            unit: byte
            job: "node-exporter"
    
        - expr: node_memory_MemTotal_bytes{ job="node-exporter"} - node_memory_MemFree_bytes{ job="node-exporter"}
          record: node_exporter:memory:used
          labels:
            desc: "节点的已使用内存量"
            unit: byte
            job: "node-exporter"
    
        - expr: node_memory_MemTotal_bytes{ job="node-exporter"} - node_memory_MemAvailable_bytes{ job="node-exporter"}
          record: node_exporter:memory:actualused
          labels:
            desc: "节点用户实际使用的内存量"
            unit: byte
            job: "node-exporter"
    
        - expr: (1-(node_memory_MemAvailable_bytes{ job="node-exporter"} / (node_memory_MemTotal_bytes{ job="node-exporter"})))* 100
          record: node_exporter:memory:used:percent
          labels:
            desc: "节点的内存使用百分比"
            unit: "%"
            job: "node-exporter"
    
        - expr: ((node_memory_MemAvailable_bytes{job="node-exporter"} / (node_memory_MemTotal_bytes{job="node-exporter"})))* 100
          record: node_exporter:memory:free:percent
          labels:
            desc: "节点的内存剩余百分比"
            unit: "%"
            job: "node-exporter"
    ##############################################################################################
    # load #
        - expr: sum by (instance) (node_load1{ job="node-exporter"})
          record: node_exporter:load:load1
          labels:
            desc: "系统1分钟负载"
            unit: " "
            job: "node-exporter"
    
        - expr: sum by (instance) (node_load5{ job="node-exporter"})
          record: node_exporter:load:load5
          labels:
            desc: "系统5分钟负载"
            unit: " "
            job: "node-exporter"
    
        - expr: sum by (instance) (node_load15{ job="node-exporter"})
          record: node_exporter:load:load15
          labels:
            desc: "系统15分钟负载"
            unit: " "
            job: "node-exporter"
    
    ##############################################################################################
    # disk #
        - expr: node_filesystem_size_bytes{ job="node-exporter" ,fstype=~"ext4|xfs"}
          record: node_exporter:disk:usage:total
          labels:
            desc: "节点的磁盘总量"
            unit: byte
            job: "node-exporter"
    
        - expr: node_filesystem_avail_bytes{ job="node-exporter",fstype=~"ext4|xfs"}
          record: node_exporter:disk:usage:free
          labels:
            desc: "节点的磁盘剩余空间"
            unit: byte
            job: "node-exporter"
    
        - expr: node_filesystem_size_bytes{ job="node-exporter",fstype=~"ext4|xfs"} - node_filesystem_avail_bytes{ job="node-exporter",fstype=~"ext4|xfs"}
          record: node_exporter:disk:usage:used
          labels:
            desc: "节点的磁盘使用的空间"
            unit: byte
            job: "node-exporter"
    
        - expr:  (1 - node_filesystem_avail_bytes{ job="node-exporter",fstype=~"ext4|xfs"} / node_filesystem_size_bytes{ job="node-exporter",fstype=~"ext4|xfs"}) * 100
          record: node_exporter:disk:used:percent
          labels:
            desc: "节点的磁盘的使用百分比"
            unit: "%"
            job: "node-exporter"
    
        - expr: irate(node_disk_reads_completed_total{ job="node-exporter"}[1m])
          record: node_exporter:disk:read:count:rate
          labels:
            desc: "节点的磁盘读取速率"
            unit: "次/秒"
            job: "node-exporter"
    
        - expr: irate(node_disk_writes_completed_total{ job="node-exporter"}[1m])
          record: node_exporter:disk:write:count:rate
          labels:
            desc: "节点的磁盘写入速率"
            unit: "次/秒"
            job: "node-exporter"
    
        - expr: (irate(node_disk_written_bytes_total{ job="node-exporter"}[1m]))/1024/1024
          record: node_exporter:disk:read:mb:rate
          labels:
            desc: "节点的设备读取MB速率"
            unit: "MB/s"
            job: "node-exporter"
    
        - expr: (irate(node_disk_read_bytes_total{ job="node-exporter"}[1m]))/1024/1024
          record: node_exporter:disk:write:mb:rate
          labels:
            desc: "节点的设备写入MB速率"
            unit: "MB/s"
            job: "node-exporter"
    
    ##############################################################################################
    # filesystem #
        - expr:   (1 -node_filesystem_files_free{ job="node-exporter",fstype=~"ext4|xfs"} / node_filesystem_files{ job="node-exporter",fstype=~"ext4|xfs"}) * 100
          record: node_exporter:filesystem:used:percent
          labels:
            desc: "节点的inode的剩余可用的百分比"
            unit: "%"
            job: "node-exporter"
    #############################################################################################
    # filefd #
        - expr: node_filefd_allocated{ job="node-exporter"}
          record: node_exporter:filefd_allocated:count
          labels:
            desc: "节点的文件描述符打开个数"
            unit: "%"
            job: "node-exporter"
    
        - expr: node_filefd_allocated{ job="node-exporter"}/node_filefd_maximum{ job="node-exporter"} * 100
          record: node_exporter:filefd_allocated:percent
          labels:
            desc: "节点的文件描述符打开百分比"
            unit: "%"
            job: "node-exporter"
    
    #############################################################################################
    # network #
        - expr: avg by (environment,instance,device) (irate(node_network_receive_bytes_total{ device=~"eth0|eth1|ens33|ens37"}[1m]))
          record: node_exporter:network:netin:bit:rate
          labels:
            desc: "节点网卡eth0每秒接收的比特数"
            unit: "bit/s"
            job: "node-exporter"
    
        - expr: avg by (environment,instance,device) (irate(node_network_transmit_bytes_total{ device=~"eth0|eth1|ens33|ens37"}[1m]))
          record: node_exporter:network:netout:bit:rate
          labels:
            desc: "节点网卡eth0每秒发送的比特数"
            unit: "bit/s"
            job: "node-exporter"
    
        - expr: avg by (environment,instance,device) (irate(node_network_receive_packets_total{ device=~"eth0|eth1|ens33|ens37"}[1m]))
          record: node_exporter:network:netin:packet:rate
          labels:
            desc: "节点网卡每秒接收的数据包个数"
            unit: "个/秒"
            job: "node-exporter"
    
        - expr: avg by (environment,instance,device) (irate(node_network_transmit_packets_total{ device=~"eth0|eth1|ens33|ens37"}[1m]))
          record: node_exporter:network:netout:packet:rate
          labels:
            desc: "节点网卡发送的数据包个数"
            unit: "个/秒"
            job: "node-exporter"
    
        - expr: avg by (environment,instance,device) (irate(node_network_receive_errs_total{ device=~"eth0|eth1|ens33|ens37"}[1m]))
          record: node_exporter:network:netin:error:rate
          labels:
            desc: "节点设备驱动器检测到的接收错误包的数量"
            unit: "个/秒"
            job: "node-exporter"
    
        - expr: avg by (environment,instance,device) (irate(node_network_transmit_errs_total{ device=~"eth0|eth1|ens33|ens37"}[1m]))
          record: node_exporter:network:netout:error:rate
          labels:
            desc: "节点设备驱动器检测到的发送错误包的数量"
            unit: "个/秒"
            job: "node-exporter"
    
        - expr: node_tcp_connection_states{ job="node-exporter", state="established"}
          record: node_exporter:network:tcp:established:count
          labels:
            desc: "节点当前established的个数"
            unit: "个"
            job: "node-exporter"
    
        - expr: node_tcp_connection_states{ job="node-exporter", state="time_wait"}
          record: node_exporter:network:tcp:timewait:count
          labels:
            desc: "节点timewait的连接数"
            unit: "个"
            job: "node-exporter"
    
        - expr: sum by (environment,instance) (node_tcp_connection_states{ job="node-exporter"})
          record: node_exporter:network:tcp:total:count
          labels:
            desc: "节点tcp连接总数"
            unit: "个"
            job: "node-exporter"
    
    #############################################################################################
    # process #
        - expr: node_processes_state{ state="Z"}
          record: node_exporter:process:zoom:total:count
          labels:
            desc: "节点当前状态为zoom的个数"
            unit: "个"
            job: "node-exporter"
    #############################################################################################
    # other #
        - expr: abs(node_timex_offset_seconds{ job="node-exporter"})
          record: node_exporter:time:offset
          labels:
            desc: "节点的时间偏差"
            unit: "s"
            job: "node-exporter"
    
    #############################################################################################
    
        - expr: count by (instance) ( count by (instance,cpu) (node_cpu_seconds_total{  mode='system'}) )
          record: node_exporter:cpu:count

**关于报警文件**

#关于node-exporer-alert.rules
    groups:
      - name: node-exporter-alert
        rules:
        - alert: node-exporter-down
          expr: node_exporter:up == 0
          for: 1m
          labels:
            severity: 'critical'
          annotations:
            summary: "instance: { { $labels.instance }} 宕机了"
            description: "instance: { { $labels.instance }} \n- job: { { $labels.job }} 关机了， 时间已经1分钟了。"
            value: "{ { $value }}"
            instance: "{ { $labels.instance }}"
    
    
    
        - alert: node-exporter-cpu-high
          expr:  node_exporter:cpu:total:percent > 80
          for: 3m
          labels:
            severity: info
          annotations:
            summary: "instance: { { $labels.instance }} cpu 使用率高于 { { $value }}"
            description: "instance: { { $labels.instance }} \n- job: { { $labels.job }} CPU使用率已经持续三分钟高过80% 。"
            value: "{ { $value }}"
            instance: "{ { $labels.instance }}"
    
        - alert: node-exporter-cpu-iowait-high
          expr:  node_exporter:cpu:iowait:percent >= 12
          for: 3m
          labels:
            severity: info
          annotations:
            summary: "instance: { { $labels.instance }} cpu iowait 使用率高于 { { $value }}"
            description: "instance: { { $labels.instance }} \n- job: { { $labels.job }} cpu iowait使用率已经持续三分钟高过12%"
            value: "{ { $value }}"
            instance: "{ { $labels.instance }}"
    
    
        - alert: node-exporter-load-load1-high
          expr:  (node_exporter:load:load1) > (node_exporter:cpu:count) * 1.2
          for: 3m
          labels:
            severity: info
          annotations:
            summary: "instance: { { $labels.instance }} load1 使用率高于 { { $value }}"
            description: ""
            value: "{ { $value }}"
            instance: "{ { $labels.instance }}"
    
    
        - alert: node-exporter-memory-high
          expr:  node_exporter:memory:used:percent > 85
          for: 3m
          labels:
            severity: info
          annotations:
            summary: "instance: { { $labels.instance }} memory 使用率高于 { { $value }}"
            description: ""
            value: "{ { $value }}"
            instance: "{ { $labels.instance }}"
    
    
        - alert: node-exporter-disk-high
          expr:  node_exporter:disk:used:percent > 88
          for: 10m
          labels:
            severity: info
          annotations:
            summary: "instance: { { $labels.instance }} disk 使用率高于 { { $value }}"
            description: ""
            value: "{ { $value }}"
            instance: "{ { $labels.instance }}"
    
    
        - alert: node-exporter-disk-read:count-high
          expr:  node_exporter:disk:read:count:rate > 3000
          for: 2m
          labels:
            severity: info
          annotations:
            summary: "instance: { { $labels.instance }} iops read 使用率高于 { { $value }}"
            description: ""
            value: "{ { $value }}"
            instance: "{ { $labels.instance }}"
    
    
        - alert: node-exporter-disk-write-count-high
          expr:  node_exporter:disk:write:count:rate > 3000
          for: 2m
          labels:
            severity: info
          annotations:
            summary: "instance: { { $labels.instance }} iops write 使用率高于 { { $value }}"
            description: ""
            value: "{ { $value }}"
            instance: "{ { $labels.instance }}"
    
    
    
    
    
        - alert: node-exporter-disk-read-mb-high
          expr:  node_exporter:disk:read:mb:rate > 60
          for: 2m
          labels:
            severity: info
          annotations:
            summary: "instance: { { $labels.instance }} 读取字节数 高于 { { $value }}"
            description: ""
            instance: "{ { $labels.instance }}"
            value: "{ { $value }}"
    
    
        - alert: node-exporter-disk-write-mb-high
          expr:  node_exporter:disk:write:mb:rate > 60
          for: 2m
          labels:
            severity: info
          annotations:
            summary: "instance: { { $labels.instance }} 写入字节数 高于 { { $value }}"
            description: ""
            value: "{ { $value }}"
            instance: "{ { $labels.instance }}"
    
    
        - alert: node-exporter-filefd-allocated-percent-high
          expr:  node_exporter:filefd_allocated:percent > 80
          for: 10m
          labels:
            severity: info
          annotations:
            summary: "instance: { { $labels.instance }} 打开文件描述符 高于 { { $value }}"
            description: ""
            value: "{ { $value }}"
            instance: "{ { $labels.instance }}"
    
    
        - alert: node-exporter-network-netin-error-rate-high
          expr:  node_exporter:network:netin:error:rate > 4
          for: 1m
          labels:
            severity: info
          annotations:
            summary: "instance: { { $labels.instance }} 包进入的错误速率 高于 { { $value }}"
            description: ""
            value: "{ { $value }}"
            instance: "{ { $labels.instance }}"
    
        - alert: node-exporter-network-netin-packet-rate-high
          expr:  node_exporter:network:netin:packet:rate > 35000
          for: 1m
          labels:
            severity: info
          annotations:
            summary: "instance: { { $labels.instance }} 包进入速率 高于 { { $value }}"
            description: ""
            value: "{ { $value }}"
            instance: "{ { $labels.instance }}"
    
    
        - alert: node-exporter-network-netout-packet-rate-high
          expr:  node_exporter:network:netout:packet:rate > 35000
          for: 1m
          labels:
            severity: info
          annotations:
            summary: "instance: { { $labels.instance }} 包流出速率 高于 { { $value }}"
            description: ""
            value: "{ { $value }}"
            instance: "{ { $labels.instance }}"
    
    
        - alert: node-exporter-network-tcp-total-count-high
          expr:  node_exporter:network:tcp:total:count > 40000
          for: 1m
          labels:
            severity: info
          annotations:
            summary: "instance: { { $labels.instance }} tcp连接数量 高于 { { $value }}"
            description: ""
            value: "{ { $value }}"
            instance: "{ { $labels.instance }}"
    
    
        - alert: node-exporter-process-zoom-total-count-high
          expr:  node_exporter:process:zoom:total:count > 10
          for: 10m
          labels:
            severity: info
          annotations:
            summary: "instance: { { $labels.instance }} 僵死进程数量 高于 { { $value }}"
            description: ""
            value: "{ { $value }}"
            instance: "{ { $labels.instance }}"
    
    
        - alert: node-exporter-time-offset-high
          expr:  node_exporter:time:offset > 0.03
          for: 2m
          labels:
            severity: info
          annotations:
            summary: "instance: { { $labels.instance }} { { $labels.desc }} { { $value }} { { $labels.unit }}"
            description: ""
            value: "{ { $value }}"
            instance: "{ { $labels.instance }}"

## 配置企业微信报警 ##

新建一个存放wechat.tmpl的目录

mkdir /alertmanager/template/
    cd /alertmanager/template/
    vim wechat.tmpl
    ## 带恢复告警的模版 注：alertmanager.yml wechat_configs中加上配置send_resolved: true
    { {  define "wechat.default.message" }}
    { {  range $i, $alert :=.Alerts }}
    ===alertmanager监控报警===
    告警状态：{ {    .Status }}
    告警级别：{ {  $alert.Labels.severity }}
    告警类型：{ {  $alert.Labels.alertname }}
    告警应用：{ {  $alert.Annotations.summary }}
    故障主机: { {  $alert.Labels.instance }}
    告警主题: { {  $alert.Annotations.summary }}
    触发阀值：{ {  $alert.Annotations.value }}
    告警详情: { {  $alert.Annotations.description }}
    触发时间: { {  $alert.StartsAt.Format "2006-01-02 15:04:05" }}
    ===========end============
    { {  end }}
    { {  end }}

**修改alertmanager里面的收件人**

global:
      resolve_timeout: 5m
      wechat_api_corp_id: 'ww2b0ab679438a91fc'
      wechat_api_url: 'https://qyapi.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/'
      wechat_api_secret: 'Zl6pH_f-u2R1bwqDVPfLFygTR-JaYpH08vcTBr8xb0A'
    templates:
      - '/etc/alertmanager/template/wechat.tmpl'
    route:
      group_by: ['alertname']
      group_wait: 10s
      group_interval: 10s
      repeat_interval: 1h
      receiver: 'wechat'
    receivers:
    - name: 'wechat'
      wechat_configs:
      - send_resolved: true
        to_party: '2'
        to_user: 'LiZhiSheng'
        agent_id: 1000005
        corp_id: 'ww2b0ab679438a91fc'
        api_url: 'https://qyapi.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/'
        api_secret: 'Zl6pH_f-u2R1bwqDVPfLFygTR-JaYpH08vcTBr8xb0A'
    inhibit_rules:
      - source_match:
          severity: 'critical'
        target_match:
          severity: 'warning'
        equal: ['alertname', 'dev', 'instance']

prometheus配置不要变，我们还使用以前的rules规则

**重启alertmanager**

docker run -d --name alertmanager -p 9093:9093 -v /alertmanager/alertmanager.yml:/etc/alertmanager/alertmanager.yml -v /alertmanager/template/:/etc/alertmanager/template prom/alertmanager

参数说明：

*  corp\_id: 企业微信账号唯一 ID， 可以在`我的企业`中查看。
 *  to\_party: 需要发送的组。
 *  to\_user: 需要发送的用户
 *  agent\_id: 第三方企业应用的 ID，可以在自己创建的第三方企业应用详情页面查看。
 *  api\_secret: 第三方企业应用的密钥，可以在自己创建的第三方企业应用详情页面查看。

**验证：**

停掉一台docker容器

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzgxNTE0MA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 29]

恢复消息如下

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MzgxNTE0MA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 30]

[Prometheus]: https://github.com/prometheus
[SoundCloud]: https://soundcloud.com/
[Link 1]: https://prometheus.io/community
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[Link 2]: https://grafana.com/grafana/dashboards?dataSource=prometheus
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