window10下安装linux配置PHP项目开发环境

悠悠 2022-09-02 12:45 201阅读 0赞

## 开启子系统 ##

### 1.先去Win10的设置》应用》程序和功能开启适用于Linux的Windows子系统并重启 ###

![开启linux子系统][linux]

### 2.微软商店搜索WSL并下载Ubuntu18.04LTS版本 ###

![微软商店搜索WSL并下载Ubuntu18.04LTS版本][WSL_Ubuntu18.04LTS]

## 安装系统(左下角菜单打开Ubuntu18) ##

`注意：初始化一定要设置用户名和密码`  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM1NjA2NDAw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]

### 设置root密码 ###

sudo passwd root

### 切换软件源镜像（[阿里云Ubuntu镜像地址][Ubuntu]） ###

#首先先备份我们系统自带的软件源 输入以下命令
    sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak
    # vim 编辑 sources.list
    sudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list 
    # 将之前的镜像地址删除并将阿里云的镜像地址复制进去后保存文件
    
    # ubuntu 16.04 配置
    deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main
    deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main
    
    deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main
    deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main
    
    deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe
    deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe
    deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe
    deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe
    
    deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main
    deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main
    deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security universe
    deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security universe
    
    
    
    # ubuntu 18.04(bionic) 配置
    deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
    deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
    
    deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
    deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
    
    deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
    deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
    
    deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
    deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
    
    deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
    deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
    
    
    # ubuntu 20.04(focal) 配置
    deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
    deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
    
    deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
    deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
    
    deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
    deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
    
    deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
    deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
    
    deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
    deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM1NjA2NDAw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]

# 然后我们更新软件软件列表 运行如下命令
    sudo apt-get update

## 安装开发软件 ##

### 1.安装php ###

# 首先我们需要添加PHP的PPA软件源运行如下命令：
    sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ondrej/php
    # 安装PHP7.4及相关扩展 运行如下命令：
    sudo apt-get install php7.4 php7.4-fpm php7.4-bcmath php7.4-curl php7.4-gd php7.4-json php7.4-mbstring php7.4-mysql php7.4-opcache php7.4-xml php7.4-zip php-redis 
    
    # 安装成功后可运行如下命令验证安装
    php -v  //查看PHP版本
    php -m  //查看扩展安装列表

### 2.安装Composer ###

# 下载composer.phar：
    wget https://getcomposer.org/composer.phar
    # 重命名composer.phar为composer
    mv composer.phar composer
    # 增加可执行权限
    sudo chmod +x composer
    # 设置为全局可执行
    sudo mv composer /usr/local/bin

### 3.安装SSH服务端 ###

# 执行如下安装命令
    sudo apt-get install openssh-server
    # 配置SSH服务端
    sudo vim /etc/ssh/sshd_config
    # 配置修改为如下图(Port的值可以自定义自己选择你要用的端口号)

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM1NjA2NDAw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2]

# 修改完配置 wd保存，然后终端执行 （sudo service restart）
    sudo service restart
    # 这时候如果启动ssh可能会失败（提示：sshd:unrecognized service）可执行如下命令
    sudo /etc/init.d/ssh restart    //(或sudo /etc/init.d/ssh start)
    
    # 其他ssh管理命令
    sudo service ssh status
    sudo service ssh start
    sudo service ssh stop
    sudo service ssh restart

至此，就可以连接ssh了  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM1NjA2NDAw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3]

## linux与window主系统文件互相访问 ##

WSL和Windows主系统之间的文件系统是可以互相访问的。

如果在WSL中访问Windows系统的文件，可在根目录下/mnt/看到对应Windows盘符字母的文件夹，通过这些文件夹即可访问Windows的文件系统。

如果在Windows系统中访问WSL的文件，可在Windows系统中找到已安装Linux发行版的应用数据文件夹，所有Linux系统的数据都在那个文件夹（通过应用商店安装的Linux发行版本质上也是一个应用）。Linux发行版的数据文件夹在C:\\Users\{你的用户名\}\\AppData\\Local\\Packages\{Linux发行版包名\}\\LocalState\\rootfs路径内，在rootfs文件夹内我们会看到在WSL中的根目录。

需要注意的是,在Windows下对WSL文件修改可能会造成权限错误

## 注意事项 ##

配置无法编辑，无法保存，无权限问题，可su root切换到root用户再操作

## 参考资料： ##

*  [Win10下的WSL(Linux子系统)开发环境搭建(基础配置)][Win10_WSL_Linux]
 *  [Win10下的WSL(Linux子系统)开发环境搭建(PHP+Nginx+Mysql+Composer+SSH)][Win10_WSL_Linux_PHP_Nginx_Mysql_Composer_SSH]
 *  [win10和子系统ubuntu18.04之间怎么共享文件][win10_ubuntu18.04]
 *  [Ubuntu下"sshd:unrecognized service"][Ubuntu_sshd_unrecognized service]
 *  [Xshell SSH远程登录提示“找不到匹配的keyexchange算法”][Xshell SSH_keyexchange]

[linux]: /images/20220829/471a661bbeaf48378ca72083251f3390.png
[WSL_Ubuntu18.04LTS]: /images/20220829/b140f96920624aa5969a972b16836480.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM1NjA2NDAw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]: /images/20220829/bc736f3020054b1591da460b32d35d7a.png
[Ubuntu]: https://developer.aliyun.com/mirror/ubuntu?spm=a2c6h.13651102.0.0.3e221b113QlbWb
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM1NjA2NDAw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]: /images/20220829/54ccf24f98224f9d82525b474f0149bc.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM1NjA2NDAw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2]: /images/20220829/c03f048335fb4b20b2a4f6c6d80896e9.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzM1NjA2NDAw_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3]: /images/20220829/7df740a8eb8945ba9f0c1d9c8ccb9878.png
[Win10_WSL_Linux]: https://www.jianshu.com/p/cc297d94bcd3
[Win10_WSL_Linux_PHP_Nginx_Mysql_Composer_SSH]: https://www.jianshu.com/p/0c1bb88552a1
[win10_ubuntu18.04]: https://answers.microsoft.com/zh-hans/windows/forum/all/win10%E5%92%8C%E5%AD%90%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9Fubuntu180/e2941030-0c6f-4667-8d00-0b16754034b4
[Ubuntu_sshd_unrecognized service]: https://www.jb51.cc/ubuntu/353530.html
[Xshell SSH_keyexchange]: http://blog.chinaunix.net/uid-28813320-id-5848611.html