curl调用接口方法

冷不防 2022-09-02 08:39 348阅读 0赞

通过curl -h我们可以获取到所有curl的命令以及其用法描述。

Usage: curl [options...] <url>
    Options: (H) means HTTP/HTTPS only, (F) means FTP only
         --anyauth       Pick "any" authentication method (H) 可以使用“任何”身份验证方法
     -a, --append        Append to target file when uploading (F/SFTP)  上传文件时，附加到目标文件
         --basic         Use HTTP Basic Authentication (H)  使用HTTP基本验证
         --cacert FILE   CA certificate to verify peer against (SSL) 
         --capath DIR    CA directory to verify peer against (SSL)
     -E, --cert CERT[:PASSWD]  Client certificate file and password (SSL)
         --cert-status   Verify the status of the server certificate (SSL)
         --cert-type TYPE  Certificate file type (DER/PEM/ENG) (SSL)
         --ciphers LIST  SSL ciphers to use (SSL)
         --compressed    Request compressed response (using deflate or gzip)
     -K, --config FILE   Read config from FILE
         --connect-timeout SECONDS  Maximum time allowed for connection
         --connect-to HOST1:PORT1:HOST2:PORT2 Connect to host (network level)
     -C, --continue-at OFFSET  Resumed transfer OFFSET
     -b, --cookie STRING/FILE  Read cookies from STRING/FILE (H)
     -c, --cookie-jar FILE  Write cookies to FILE after operation (H)
         --create-dirs   Create necessary local directory hierarchy
         --crlf          Convert LF to CRLF in upload
         --crlfile FILE  Get a CRL list in PEM format from the given file
     -d, --data DATA     HTTP POST data (H)  HTTP POST方式传送数据
         --data-raw DATA  HTTP POST data, '@' allowed (H)
         --data-ascii DATA  HTTP POST ASCII data (H)
         --data-binary DATA  HTTP POST binary data (H)
         --data-urlencode DATA  HTTP POST data url encoded (H)
         --delegation STRING  GSS-API delegation permission
         --digest        Use HTTP Digest Authentication (H)
         --disable-eprt  Inhibit using EPRT or LPRT (F)
         --disable-epsv  Inhibit using EPSV (F)
         --dns-servers   DNS server addrs to use: 1.1.1.1;2.2.2.2
         --dns-interface  Interface to use for DNS requests
         --dns-ipv4-addr  IPv4 address to use for DNS requests, dot notation
         --dns-ipv6-addr  IPv6 address to use for DNS requests, dot notation
     -D, --dump-header FILE  Write the received headers to FILE
         --egd-file FILE  EGD socket path for random data (SSL)
         --engine ENGINE  Crypto engine (use "--engine list" for list) (SSL)
         --expect100-timeout SECONDS How long to wait for 100-continue (H)
     -f, --fail          Fail silently (no output at all) on HTTP errors (H)
         --fail-early    Fail on first transfer error, do not continue
         --false-start   Enable TLS False Start.
     -F, --form CONTENT  Specify HTTP multipart POST data (H)
         --form-string STRING  Specify HTTP multipart POST data (H)
         --ftp-account DATA  Account data string (F)
         --ftp-alternative-to-user COMMAND  String to replace "USER [name]" (F)
         --ftp-create-dirs  Create the remote dirs if not present (F)
         --ftp-method [MULTICWD/NOCWD/SINGLECWD]  Control CWD usage (F)
         --ftp-pasv      Use PASV/EPSV instead of PORT (F)
     -P, --ftp-port ADR  Use PORT with given address instead of PASV (F)
         --ftp-skip-pasv-ip  Skip the IP address for PASV (F)
         --ftp-pret      Send PRET before PASV (for drftpd) (F)
         --ftp-ssl-ccc   Send CCC after authenticating (F)
         --ftp-ssl-ccc-mode ACTIVE/PASSIVE  Set CCC mode (F)
         --ftp-ssl-control  Require SSL/TLS for FTP login, clear for transfer (F)
     -G, --get           Send the -d data with a HTTP GET (H)
     -g, --globoff       Disable URL sequences and ranges using {} and []
     -H, --header LINE   Pass custom header LINE to server (H)
     -I, --head          Show document info only
     -h, --help          This help text
         --hostpubmd5 MD5  Hex-encoded MD5 string of the host public key. (SSH)
     -0, --http1.0       Use HTTP 1.0 (H)
         --http1.1       Use HTTP 1.1 (H)
         --http2         Use HTTP 2 (H)
         --http2-prior-knowledge  Use HTTP 2 without HTTP/1.1 Upgrade (H)
         --ignore-content-length  Ignore the HTTP Content-Length header
     -i, --include       Include protocol headers in the output (H/F)
     -k, --insecure      Allow connections to SSL sites without certs (H)
         --interface INTERFACE  Use network INTERFACE (or address)
     -4, --ipv4          Resolve name to IPv4 address
     -6, --ipv6          Resolve name to IPv6 address
     -j, --junk-session-cookies  Ignore session cookies read from file (H)
         --keepalive-time SECONDS  Wait SECONDS between keepalive probes
         --key KEY       Private key file name (SSL/SSH)
         --key-type TYPE  Private key file type (DER/PEM/ENG) (SSL)
         --krb LEVEL     Enable Kerberos with security LEVEL (F)
         --libcurl FILE  Dump libcurl equivalent code of this command line
         --limit-rate RATE  Limit transfer speed to RATE
     -l, --list-only     List only mode (F/POP3)
         --local-port RANGE  Force use of RANGE for local port numbers
     -L, --location      Follow redirects (H)
         --location-trusted  Like '--location', and send auth to other hosts (H)
         --login-options OPTIONS  Server login options (IMAP, POP3, SMTP)
     -M, --manual        Display the full manual
         --mail-from FROM  Mail from this address (SMTP)
         --mail-rcpt TO  Mail to this/these addresses (SMTP)
         --mail-auth AUTH  Originator address of the original email (SMTP)
         --max-filesize BYTES  Maximum file size to download (H/F)
         --max-redirs NUM  Maximum number of redirects allowed (H)
     -m, --max-time SECONDS  Maximum time allowed for the transfer
         --metalink      Process given URLs as metalink XML file
         --negotiate     Use HTTP Negotiate (SPNEGO) authentication (H)
     -n, --netrc         Must read .netrc for user name and password
         --netrc-optional  Use either .netrc or URL; overrides -n
         --netrc-file FILE  Specify FILE for netrc
     -:, --next          Allows the following URL to use a separate set of options
         --no-alpn       Disable the ALPN TLS extension (H)
     -N, --no-buffer     Disable buffering of the output stream
         --no-keepalive  Disable keepalive use on the connection
         --no-npn        Disable the NPN TLS extension (H)
         --no-sessionid  Disable SSL session-ID reusing (SSL)
         --noproxy       List of hosts which do not use proxy
         --ntlm          Use HTTP NTLM authentication (H)
         --ntlm-wb       Use HTTP NTLM authentication with winbind (H)
         --oauth2-bearer TOKEN  OAuth 2 Bearer Token (IMAP, POP3, SMTP)
     -o, --output FILE   Write to FILE instead of stdout
         --pass PASS     Pass phrase for the private key (SSL/SSH)
         --path-as-is    Do not squash .. sequences in URL path
         --pinnedpubkey FILE/HASHES Public key to verify peer against (SSL)
         --post301       Do not switch to GET after following a 301 redirect (H)
         --post302       Do not switch to GET after following a 302 redirect (H)
         --post303       Do not switch to GET after following a 303 redirect (H)
         --preproxy [PROTOCOL://]HOST[:PORT] Proxy before HTTP(S) proxy
     -#, --progress-bar  Display transfer progress as a progress bar
         --proto PROTOCOLS  Enable/disable PROTOCOLS
         --proto-default PROTOCOL  Use PROTOCOL for any URL missing a scheme
         --proto-redir PROTOCOLS   Enable/disable PROTOCOLS on redirect
     -x, --proxy [PROTOCOL://]HOST[:PORT]  Use proxy on given port
         --proxy-anyauth  Pick "any" proxy authentication method (H)
         --proxy-basic   Use Basic authentication on the proxy (H)
         --proxy-digest  Use Digest authentication on the proxy (H)
         --proxy-cacert FILE CA certificate to verify peer against for proxy (SSL)
         --proxy-capath DIR CA directory to verify peer against for proxy (SSL)
         --proxy-cert CERT[:PASSWD] Client certificate file and password for proxy (SSL)
         --proxy-cert-type TYPE Certificate file type (DER/PEM/ENG) for proxy (SSL)
         --proxy-ciphers LIST SSL ciphers to use for proxy (SSL)
         --proxy-crlfile FILE Get a CRL list in PEM format from the given file for proxy
         --proxy-insecure Allow connections to SSL sites without certs for proxy (H)
         --proxy-key KEY Private key file name for proxy (SSL)
         --proxy-key-type TYPE Private key file type for proxy (DER/PEM/ENG) (SSL)
         --proxy-negotiate  Use HTTP Negotiate (SPNEGO) authentication on the proxy (H)
         --proxy-ntlm    Use NTLM authentication on the proxy (H)
         --proxy-header LINE Pass custom header LINE to proxy (H)
         --proxy-pass PASS Pass phrase for the private key for proxy (SSL)
         --proxy-ssl-allow-beast Allow security flaw to improve interop for proxy (SSL)
         --proxy-tlsv1   Use TLSv1 for proxy (SSL)
         --proxy-tlsuser USER TLS username for proxy
         --proxy-tlspassword STRING TLS password for proxy
         --proxy-tlsauthtype STRING TLS authentication type for proxy (default SRP)
         --proxy-service-name NAME  SPNEGO proxy service name
         --service-name NAME  SPNEGO service name
     -U, --proxy-user USER[:PASSWORD]  Proxy user and password
         --proxy1.0 HOST[:PORT]  Use HTTP/1.0 proxy on given port
     -p, --proxytunnel   Operate through a HTTP proxy tunnel (using CONNECT)
         --pubkey KEY    Public key file name (SSH)
     -Q, --quote CMD     Send command(s) to server before transfer (F/SFTP)
         --random-file FILE  File for reading random data from (SSL)
     -r, --range RANGE   Retrieve only the bytes within RANGE
         --raw           Do HTTP "raw"; no transfer decoding (H)
     -e, --referer       Referer URL (H)
     -J, --remote-header-name  Use the header-provided filename (H)
     -O, --remote-name   Write output to a file named as the remote file
         --remote-name-all  Use the remote file name for all URLs
     -R, --remote-time   Set the remote file's time on the local output
     -X, --request COMMAND  Specify request command to use
         --resolve HOST:PORT:ADDRESS  Force resolve of HOST:PORT to ADDRESS
         --retry NUM   Retry request NUM times if transient problems occur
         --retry-connrefused  Retry on connection refused (use with --retry)
         --retry-delay SECONDS  Wait SECONDS between retries
         --retry-max-time SECONDS  Retry only within this period
         --sasl-ir       Enable initial response in SASL authentication
     -S, --show-error    Show error. With -s, make curl show errors when they occur
     -s, --silent        Silent mode (don't output anything)
         --socks4 HOST[:PORT]  SOCKS4 proxy on given host + port
         --socks4a HOST[:PORT]  SOCKS4a proxy on given host + port
         --socks5 HOST[:PORT]  SOCKS5 proxy on given host + port
         --socks5-hostname HOST[:PORT]  SOCKS5 proxy, pass host name to proxy
         --socks5-gssapi-service NAME  SOCKS5 proxy service name for GSS-API
         --socks5-gssapi-nec  Compatibility with NEC SOCKS5 server
     -Y, --speed-limit RATE  Stop transfers below RATE for 'speed-time' secs
     -y, --speed-time SECONDS  Trigger 'speed-limit' abort after SECONDS (default: 30)
         --ssl           Try SSL/TLS (FTP, IMAP, POP3, SMTP)
         --ssl-reqd      Require SSL/TLS (FTP, IMAP, POP3, SMTP)
     -2, --sslv2         Use SSLv2 (SSL)
     -3, --sslv3         Use SSLv3 (SSL)
         --ssl-allow-beast  Allow security flaw to improve interop (SSL)
         --ssl-no-revoke    Disable cert revocation checks (WinSSL)
         --stderr FILE   Where to redirect stderr (use "-" for stdout)
         --suppress-connect-headers  Suppress proxy CONNECT response headers
         --tcp-nodelay   Use the TCP_NODELAY option
         --tcp-fastopen  Use TCP Fast Open
     -t, --telnet-option OPT=VAL  Set telnet option
         --tftp-blksize VALUE  Set TFTP BLKSIZE option (must be >512)
         --tftp-no-options  Do not send TFTP options requests
     -z, --time-cond TIME   Transfer based on a time condition
     -1, --tlsv1         Use >= TLSv1 (SSL)
         --tlsv1.0       Use TLSv1.0 (SSL)
         --tlsv1.1       Use TLSv1.1 (SSL)
         --tlsv1.2       Use TLSv1.2 (SSL)
         --tlsv1.3       Use TLSv1.3 (SSL)
         --tls-max VERSION  Use TLS up to VERSION (SSL)
         --trace FILE    Write a debug trace to FILE
         --trace-ascii FILE  Like --trace, but without hex output
         --trace-time    Add time stamps to trace/verbose output
         --tr-encoding   Request compressed transfer encoding (H)
     -T, --upload-file FILE  Transfer FILE to destination
         --url URL       URL to work with
     -B, --use-ascii     Use ASCII/text transfer 使用ASCII文本传输
     -u, --user USER[:PASSWORD]  Server user and password
         --tlsuser USER  TLS username
         --tlspassword STRING  TLS password
         --tlsauthtype STRING  TLS authentication type (default: SRP)
         --unix-socket PATH    Connect through this Unix domain socket
         --abstract-unix-socket PATH Connect to an abstract Unix domain socket
     -A, --user-agent STRING  Send User-Agent STRING to server (H)
     -v, --verbose       Make the operation more talkative
     -V, --version       Show version number and quit
     -w, --write-out FORMAT  Use output FORMAT after completion
         --xattr         Store metadata in extended file attributes
     -q, --disable       Disable .curlrc (must be first parameter)

以下介绍几种简单的命令

1.  curl url(获取该网址的文本信息)
    
        curl www.zhujy.com
    
        这就是获取的www.zhujy.com信息
        <!DOCTYPE html>
        <html>
        <head>
        <title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
        <style>
            body {
                width: 35em;
                margin: 0 auto;
                font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;
            }
        </style>
        </head>
        <body>
        <h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
        <p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
        working. Further configuration is required.</p>
        
        <p>For online documentation and support please refer to
        <a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
        Commercial support is available at
        <a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>
        
        <p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
        </body>
        </html>
2.   curl -i url(获取该网址的文本信息以及协议头部信息)
    
        curl  -i www.zhujy.com
    
        这就是获取的www.zhujy.com文本信息以及协议头部信息。
        HTTP/1.1 200 OK
        Server: nginx/1.14.0
        Date: Mon, 11 Mar 2019 02:06:55 GMT
        Content-Type: text/html
        Content-Length: 612
        Last-Modified: Mon, 29 Oct 2018 09:52:22 GMT
        Connection: keep-alive
        ETag: "5bd6d856-264"
        Accept-Ranges: bytes
        
        <!DOCTYPE html>
        <html>
        <head>
        <title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
        <style>
            body {
                width: 35em;
                margin: 0 auto;
                font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;
            }
        </style>
        </head>
        <body>
        <h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
        <p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
        working. Further configuration is required.</p>
        
        <p>For online documentation and support please refer to
        <a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
        Commercial support is available at
        <a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>
        
        <p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
        </body>
        </html>
3.  curl -x proxy url(使用代理获取网页文本信息)
    
        curl -x 47.94.151.148:80 zhujy.com.cn
    
        <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd">
        
        <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en">
            <head>
                <title>Test Page for the Nginx HTTP Server on Fedora</title>
                <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" />
                <style type="text/css">
                    /*<![CDATA[*/
                    body {
                        background-color: #fff;
                        color: #000;
                        font-size: 0.9em;
                        font-family: sans-serif,helvetica;
                        margin: 0;
                        padding: 0;
                    }
                    :link {
                        color: #c00;
                    }
                    :visited {
                        color: #c00;
                    }
                    a:hover {
                        color: #f50;
                    }
                    h1 {
                        text-align: center;
                        margin: 0;
                        padding: 0.6em 2em 0.4em;
                        background-color: #294172;
                        color: #fff;
                        font-weight: normal;
                        font-size: 1.75em;
                        border-bottom: 2px solid #000;
                    }
                    h1 strong {
                        font-weight: bold;
                        font-size: 1.5em;
                    }
                    h2 {
                        text-align: center;
                        background-color: #3C6EB4;
                        font-size: 1.1em;
                        font-weight: bold;
                        color: #fff;
                        margin: 0;
                        padding: 0.5em;
                        border-bottom: 2px solid #294172;
                    }
                    hr {
                        display: none;
                    }
                    .content {
                        padding: 1em 5em;
                    }
                    .alert {
                        border: 2px solid #000;
                    }
        
                    img {
                        border: 2px solid #fff;
                        padding: 2px;
                        margin: 2px;
                    }
                    a:hover img {
                        border: 2px solid #294172;
                    }
                    .logos {
                        margin: 1em;
                        text-align: center;
                    }
                    /*]]>*/
                </style>
            </head>
        
            <body>
                <h1>Welcome to <strong>nginx</strong> on Fedora!</h1>
        
                <div class="content">
                    <p>This page is used to test the proper operation of the
                    <strong>nginx</strong> HTTP server after it has been
                    installed. If you can read this page, it means that the
                    web server installed at this site is working
                    properly.</p>
        
                    <div class="alert">
                        <h2>Website Administrator</h2>
                        <div class="content">
                            <p>This is the default <tt>index.html</tt> page that
                            is distributed with <strong>nginx</strong> on
                            Fedora.  It is located in
                            <tt>/usr/share/nginx/html</tt>.</p>
        
                            <p>You should now put your content in a location of
                            your choice and edit the <tt>root</tt> configuration
                            directive in the <strong>nginx</strong>
                            configuration file
                            <tt>/etc/nginx/nginx.conf</tt>.</p>
        
                        </div>
                    </div>
        
                    <div class="logos">
                        <a href="http://nginx.net/"><img
                            src="nginx-logo.png" 
                            alt="[ Powered by nginx ]"
                            width="121" height="32" /></a>
        
                        <a href="http://fedoraproject.org/"><img 
                            src="poweredby.png" 
                            alt="[ Powered by Fedora ]" 
                            width="88" height="31" /></a>
                    </div>
                </div>
            </body>
        </html>
4.  curl -I url(仅返回请求头部信息)
    
        curl -I www.zhujy.com.cn
    
        HTTP/1.1 200 OK
        Server: nginx/1.14.0
        Date: Mon, 11 Mar 2019 03:34:29 GMT
        Content-Type: text/html
        Content-Length: 612
        Last-Modified: Mon, 29 Oct 2018 09:52:22 GMT
        Connection: keep-alive
        ETag: "5bd6d856-264"
        Accept-Ranges: bytes
5.  curl -i -X get -H "Content-Type:application/json" url (使用get模拟json格式请求接口)
    
        curl -i -X GET -H 'Content-Type:application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8'  'http://url/bind/agentOnWork/v2?Sig=*******?type=1&proviceName=广东&operator=GD222&productName=CESHI&userId=13871576780'
6.  curl -i -X POST -H "Content-Type:application/json" -d‘\{\}’ url (使用post模拟json格式请求接口) 
    
        curl -i -X POST -H 'Content-Type:application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8' -d '{"type":"1","proviceName":"广东","operator":"GD222","productName":"CESHI","userId":"13871576780"}'  'http://url/bind/agentOnWork/v2?Sig=*******'