windows下php环境搭建

梦里梦外; 2022-09-02 05:16 280阅读 0赞

### 文章目录 ###

*  1 配置Apache服务器
 *   *  1.1 下载Apache服务器
     *  1.2 修改配置文件httpd.conf
     *  1.3 安装Apache服务
 *  2 配置php
 *   *  2.1 下载php
     *  2.2 修改配置文件php.ini
     *  2.3 再次修改配置文件httpd.conf
     *  2.4 验证
     *   *  2.4.1 重启Apache服务
         *  2.4.2 验证效果
         *  2.4.3 说明

本文所使用的服务器为Apache

# 1 配置Apache服务器 #

## 1.1 下载Apache服务器 ##

打开[Apache官网][Apache]，依次按如图所示点击：  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MjI1MDMwMg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MjI1MDMwMg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 1]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MjI1MDMwMg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 2]

下载完之后解压到任意目录即可：

C:\wsr\Apache\Apache24\
    ├──bin
    ├──cgi-bin
    ├──conf
    ├──error
    ├──htdocs
    ├──icons
    ├──include
    ├──lib
    ├──logs
    ├──modules
    ├──ABOUT_APACHE.txt
    ├──CHANGES.txt
    ├──INSTALL.txt
    ├──LICENSE.txt
    ├──Licenses.txt
    ├──NOTICE.txt
    ├──OPENSSL-NEWS.txt
    ├──OPENSSL-README.txt
    └──README.txt

## 1.2 修改配置文件httpd.conf ##

打开配置文件`C:\wsr\Apache\Apache24\conf\httpd.conf`，修改以下三处：

1、 SRVROOT。将`SRVROOT`的值改为解压后的文件夹路径。

# least PidFile.
    #
    
    Define SRVROOT "c:/wsr/Apache/Apache24"
    ServerRoot "${SRVROOT}"
    
    #
    # Uncomment below line to enable TLS/1.3 in server.
    # (Requires OpenSSL 1.1.1 and up)

2、端口号。为避免端口号冲突可以将端口号修改为其它值（也可不修改）。我将默认端口`8080`修改为了`8081`。

#Listen 12.34.56.78:80
    Listen 8081

3、ServerName。ServerName中的端口号也修改为Listen对应的值。

# If your host doesn't have a registered DNS name, enter its IP address here.
    #
    ServerName localhost:8081

## 1.3 安装Apache服务 ##

经过以上两步，其实已经算是配置好了。不过每次需要使用Apache服务器的时候都要进入到其bin目录，手动执行命令开启Apache服务。

更简单的方法是安装Apache服务，让其一直运行。首先进入Apache的bin目录`C:\wsr\Apache\Apache24\bin`，以**管理员身份运行powershell**，执行下述命令。

1、安装Apache服务。

PS C:\wsr\Apache\Apache24\bin> .\httpd.exe -k install
    Installing the 'Apache2.4' service
    The 'Apache2.4' service is successfully installed.
    Testing httpd.conf....
    Errors reported here must be corrected before the service can be started.

2、服务安装后为关闭状态。所以需要开启Apache服务。

PS C:\wsr\Apache\Apache24\bin> .\httpd.exe -k start

3、验证Apache服务器是否运行，在浏览器地址栏访问[http://localhost:8081/][http_localhost_8081]。  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MjI1MDMwMg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 3]  
出现如图所示界面说明Apache服务器配置成功。

服务器的更多命令请执行下述命令查看（执行命令时记得进入bin目录，且要以管理员身份执行）：

PS C:\wsr\Apache\Apache24\bin> .\httpd.exe -h
    Usage: C:\\wsr\\Apache\\Apache24\\bin\\httpd.exe [-D name] [-d directory] [-f file]
                                                [-w] [-k start|restart|stop|shutdown] [-n service_name]
                                                [-k install|config|uninstall] [-n service_name]
    Options:
      -D name            : define a name for use in <IfDefine name> directives
      -d directory       : specify an alternate initial ServerRoot
      -f file            : specify an alternate ServerConfigFile
      -C "directive"     : process directive before reading config files
      -k start           : tell Apache to start
      -k restart         : tell running Apache to do a graceful restart
      -k stop|shutdown   : tell running Apache to shutdown
      -k install         : install an Apache service
      -k config          : change startup Options of an Apache service
      -k uninstall       : uninstall an Apache service
      -w                 : hold open the console window on error
      -e level           : show startup errors of level (see LogLevel)
      -E file            : log startup errors to file
      -v                 : show version number
      -V                 : show compile settings
      -h                 : list available command line options (this page)
      -l                 : list compiled in modules
      -L                 : list available configuration directives
      -t -D DUMP_VHOSTS  : show parsed vhost settings
      -t -D DUMP_RUN_CFG : show parsed run settings
      -S                 : a synonym for -t -D DUMP_VHOSTS -D DUMP_RUN_CFG
      -t -D DUMP_MODULES : show all loaded modules
      -M                 : a synonym for -t -D DUMP_MODULES
      -t -D DUMP_INCLUDES: show all included configuration files
      -t                 : run syntax check for config files
      -T                 : start without DocumentRoot(s) check
      -X                 : debug mode (only one worker, do not detach)

# 2 配置php #

## 2.1 下载php ##

打开[php官网][php]，按如图所示选择版本下载。我下载的是`php 8.0.9`：  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MjI1MDMwMg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 4]  
下载之后解压到任意文件夹：

C:\wsr\php\
    ├──dev
    ├──ext
    ├──extras
    ├──lib
    ├──deplister.exe
    ├──glib-2.dll
    ├──gmodule-2.dll
    ├──icudt68.dll
    ├──icuin68.dll
    ├──icuio68.dll
    ├──icuuc68.dll
    ├──libcrypto-1_1-x64.dll
    ├──libenchant2.dll
    ├──libpq.dll
    ├──libsasl.dll
    ├──libsodium.dll
    ├──libsqlite3.dll
    ├──libssh2.dll
    ├──libssl-1_1-x64.dll
    ├──license.txt
    ├──news.txt
    ├──nghttp2.dll
    ├──phar.phar.bat
    ├──pharcommand.phar
    ├──php-cgi.exe
    ├──php-win.exe
    ├──php.exe
    ├──php.ini
    ├──php.ini-development
    ├──php.ini-production
    ├──php8apache2_4.dll
    ├──php8embed.lib
    ├──php8phpdbg.dll
    ├──php8ts.dll
    ├──phpdbg.exe
    ├──readme-redist-bins.txt
    ├──README.md
    └──snapshot.txt

## 2.2 修改配置文件php.ini ##

将`php.ini-development`或`php.ini-production`复制一份，将文件名修改为`php.ini`：

PS C:\wsr\php> ls .\php.ini*
    
    
        目录: C:\wsr\php
    
    
    Mode                 LastWriteTime         Length Name
    ----                 -------------         ------ ----
    -a----         2021/7/30     16:55          74559 php.ini
    -a----         2021/7/29     22:42          74326 php.ini-development
    -a----         2021/7/29     22:42          74474 php.ini-production

打开`C:\wsr\php\php.ini`，修改以下四处：

1、设置扩展文件路径。将`extension_dir`的值改为php解压后的路径值。

; On windows:
    ;extension_dir = "ext"
    extension_dir = "c:/wsr/php/ext"

2、设置要加载的扩展文件。这些扩展文件都在目录`extension_dir = "c:/wsr/php/ext"`中。下面将此目录下的扩展全部添加进去。

PS C:\wsr\php> ls .\ext\ |select Name
    
    Name
    ----
    php_bz2.dll
    php_com_dotnet.dll
    php_curl.dll
    php_dba.dll
    php_enchant.dll
    php_exif.dll
    php_ffi.dll
    php_fileinfo.dll
    php_ftp.dll
    php_gd.dll
    php_gettext.dll
    php_gmp.dll
    php_imap.dll
    php_intl.dll
    php_ldap.dll
    php_mbstring.dll
    php_mysqli.dll
    php_oci8_19.dll
    php_odbc.dll
    php_opcache.dll
    php_openssl.dll
    php_pdo_firebird.dll
    php_pdo_mysql.dll
    php_pdo_oci.dll
    php_pdo_odbc.dll
    php_pdo_pgsql.dll
    php_pdo_sqlite.dll
    php_pgsql.dll
    php_phpdbg_webhelper.dll
    php_shmop.dll
    php_snmp.dll
    php_soap.dll
    php_sockets.dll
    php_sodium.dll
    php_sqlite3.dll
    php_sysvshm.dll
    php_tidy.dll
    php_xsl.dll
    php_zend_test.dll

; - Many DLL files are located in the extensions/ (PHP 4) or ext/ (PHP 5+)
    ;   extension folders as well as the separate PECL DLL download (PHP 5+).
    ;   Be sure to appropriately set the extension_dir directive.
    ;
    ;extension=bz2
    ;extension=curl
    ;extension=ffi
    ;extension=ftp
    ;extension=fileinfo
    ;extension=gd
    ;extension=gettext
    ;extension=gmp
    ;extension=intl
    ;extension=imap
    ;extension=ldap
    ;extension=mbstring
    ;extension=exif      ; Must be after mbstring as it depends on it
    ;extension=mysqli
    ;extension=oci8_12c  ; Use with Oracle Database 12c Instant Client
    ;extension=oci8_19  ; Use with Oracle Database 19 Instant Client
    ;extension=odbc
    ;extension=openssl
    ;extension=pdo_firebird
    ;extension=pdo_mysql
    ;extension=pdo_oci
    ;extension=pdo_odbc
    ;extension=pdo_pgsql
    ;extension=pdo_sqlite
    ;extension=pgsql
    ;extension=shmop
    
    ; The MIBS data available in the PHP distribution must be installed.
    ; See http://www.php.net/manual/en/snmp.installation.php
    ;extension=snmp
    
    ;extension=soap
    ;extension=sockets
    ;extension=sodium
    ;extension=sqlite3
    ;extension=tidy
    ;extension=xsl
    
    ;zend_extension=opcache
    
    ; 这里添加扩展文件
    extension=php_bz2.dll
    extension=php_com_dotnet.dll
    extension=php_curl.dll
    extension=php_dba.dll
    extension=php_enchant.dll
    extension=php_exif.dll
    extension=php_ffi.dll
    extension=php_fileinfo.dll
    extension=php_ftp.dll
    extension=php_gd.dll
    extension=php_gettext.dll
    extension=php_gmp.dll
    extension=php_imap.dll
    extension=php_intl.dll
    extension=php_ldap.dll
    extension=php_mbstring.dll
    extension=php_mysqli.dll
    extension=php_oci8_19.dll
    extension=php_odbc.dll
    extension=php_opcache.dll
    extension=php_openssl.dll
    extension=php_pdo_firebird.dll
    extension=php_pdo_mysql.dll
    extension=php_pdo_oci.dll
    extension=php_pdo_odbc.dll
    extension=php_pdo_pgsql.dll
    extension=php_pdo_sqlite.dll
    extension=php_pgsql.dll
    extension=php_phpdbg_webhelper.dll
    extension=php_shmop.dll
    extension=php_snmp.dll
    extension=php_soap.dll
    extension=php_sockets.dll
    extension=php_sodium.dll
    extension=php_sqlite3.dll
    extension=php_sysvshm.dll
    extension=php_tidy.dll
    extension=php_xsl.dll
    extension=php_zend_test.dll
    ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
    ; Module Settings ;
    ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;

3、设置时区。

[Date]
    ; Defines the default timezone used by the date functions
    ; http://php.net/date.timezone
    ;date.timezone =
    date.timezone = Asia/Shanghai

4、设置openssl。

[openssl]
    ; The location of a Certificate Authority (CA) file on the local filesystem
    ; to use when verifying the identity of SSL/TLS peers. Most users should
    ; not specify a value for this directive as PHP will attempt to use the
    ; OS-managed cert stores in its absence. If specified, this value may still
    ; be overridden on a per-stream basis via the "cafile" SSL stream context
    ; option.
    ;openssl.cafile=
    openssl.cafile=cacert.pem

## 2.3 再次修改配置文件httpd.conf ##

打开配置文件`C:\wsr\Apache\Apache24\conf\httpd.conf`，修改以下三处：

1、设置默认索引。按如下所示修改`DirectoryIndex`的值。

#
    # DirectoryIndex: sets the file that Apache will serve if a directory
    # is requested.
    #
    <IfModule dir_module>
        # DirectoryIndex index.html
        DirectoryIndex index.html index.htm index.php
    </IfModule>

2、开启 rewrite 功能。将下面第2行的注释去掉即可。

#LoadModule reqtimeout_module modules/mod_reqtimeout.so
    LoadModule rewrite_module modules/mod_rewrite.so
    #LoadModule sed_module modules/mod_sed.so

3、在文件末尾添加如下设置。

PS C:\wsr\php> ls php.ini,php*.dll
    
    
        目录: C:\wsr\php
    
    
    Mode                 LastWriteTime         Length Name
    ----                 -------------         ------ ----
    -a----         2021/7/31     10:35          75438 php.ini
    -a----         2021/7/29     22:42          35840 php8apache2_4.dll
    -a----         2021/7/29     22:42         339968 php8phpdbg.dll
    -a----         2021/7/29     22:42        9449472 php8ts.dll

#php8
    LoadModule php_module "c:/wsr/php/php8apache2_4.dll"
    PHPIniDir "c:/wsr/php"
    AddType application/x-httpd-php .php .html

*  若使用php 5，则使用`LoadModule php5_module xxx`；
 *  若使用php 7，则使用`LoadModule php7_module xxx`；
 *  若使用php 8，则使用`LoadModule php_module xxx`。

我使用的为php8，所以用的是php\_module。上面的三个配置中，前两个根据自己解压文件的路径设置其对应的值，第三个直接照抄。

## 2.4 验证 ##

### 2.4.1 重启Apache服务 ###

1、方法一

按快捷键win\+r，输入`services.msc`，找到Apache服务，按如图方式重启：  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MjI1MDMwMg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 5]

2、方法二

管理员身份运行powershell，进入Apache的bin目录`C:\wsr\Apache\Apache24\bin`，执行下述命令：

PS C:\wsr\Apache\Apache24\bin> .\httpd.exe -k restart

3、方法三

管理员身份运行powershell，执行下述命令：

PS C:\wsr\Apache\Apache24\bin> Start-Service -Name Apache2.4
    PS C:\wsr\Apache\Apache24\bin> Get-Service -Name Apache2.4
    
    Status   Name               DisplayName
    ------   ----               -----------
    Running  Apache2.4          Apache2.4

### 2.4.2 验证效果 ###

在`C:\wsr\Apache\Apache24\htdocs\`目录下分别新建`index.php`、`dir1\test.html`：

C:\wsr\Apache\Apache24\htdocs\
    ├──dir1
    │  └──test.html
    ├──index.html
    └──index.php

其内容分别如下所示：

PS C:\wsr\Apache\Apache24\htdocs> cat .\index.php
    <?php phpinfo(); ?>
    PS C:\wsr\Apache\Apache24\htdocs> cat .\dir1\test.html
    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html>
    <body>
    
    <?php
    ECHO "Hello World!<br>";
    echo "Hello World!<br>";
    EcHo "Hello World!<br>";
    ?>
    
    </body>
    </html>

在浏览器地址栏分别访问[http://localhost:8081/index.php][http_localhost_8081_index.php]、[http://localhost:8081/dir1/test.html][http_localhost_8081_dir1_test.html]，可以看到如下的效果：  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MjI1MDMwMg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 6]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MjI1MDMwMg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 7]

### 2.4.3 说明 ###

其中，目录`C:\wsr\Apache\Apache24\htdocs`为部署项目的目录，如果不想使用默认值，可以修改配置文件`C:\wsr\Apache\Apache24\conf\httpd.conf`，将`DocumnetRoot`的值修改为其它的：

#
    # DocumentRoot: The directory out of which you will serve your
    # documents. By default, all requests are taken from this directory, but
    # symbolic links and aliases may be used to point to other locations.
    #
    # DocumentRoot "${SRVROOT}/htdocs"
    DocumentRoot "c:/Users/fy/Desktop/project"
    # <Directory "${SRVROOT}/htdocs">
    <Directory "c:/Users/fy/Desktop/project">
    
        #
        # Possible values for the Options directive are "None", "All",
        # or any combination of:
        #   Indexes Includes FollowSymLinks SymLinksifOwnerMatch ExecCGI MultiViews

每次修改配置文件后都需要重启Apache服务，否则修改不生效。至此，所有配置结束。

[Apache]: https://httpd.apache.org/
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MjI1MDMwMg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center]: /images/20220829/ff7ed5933cd3417fa4a087d844811a2b.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MjI1MDMwMg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 1]: /images/20220829/a1e45cf68e7241bda1e7c6248e8b86a2.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MjI1MDMwMg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 2]: /images/20220829/0d8e3f6568804a2ba992374fa6c5d3aa.png
[http_localhost_8081]: http://localhost:8081/
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MjI1MDMwMg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 3]: /images/20220829/e860461a38a14d73978ac897d0566eb1.png
[php]: https://windows.php.net/download#php-8.0
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MjI1MDMwMg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 4]: /images/20220829/2c8d4cd4b7d74957bd3364c580bbe55e.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MjI1MDMwMg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 5]: /images/20220829/c9f1e78c8099447892d6c270fa304dff.png
[http_localhost_8081_index.php]: http://localhost:8081/index.php
[http_localhost_8081_dir1_test.html]: http://localhost:8081/dir1/test.html
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MjI1MDMwMg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 6]: /images/20220829/8b8cf71fdd5445c0b8ed063954695e1f.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MjI1MDMwMg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 7]: /images/20220829/4bf396f880a645aebb9f22eddb1742ea.png