Kubernetes(K8s)2020版高可用master部署（9）

落日映苍穹つ 2022-08-29 10:21 180阅读 0赞

## 系统规划 一图解 ##

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## 系统初始化安装 ##

# 关闭防火墙
    systemctl stop firewalld
    systemctl disable firewalld
    
    # 关闭selinux
    sed -i 's/enforcing/disabled/' /etc/selinux/config  # 永久
    setenforce 0  # 临时
    
    # 关闭swap
    swapoff -a  # 临时
    sed -ri 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab    # 永久
    
    # 根据规划设置主机名
    hostnamectl set-hostname <hostname>
    
    # 在master添加hosts
    cat >> /etc/hosts << EOF 192.168.44.158 master.k8s.io k8s-vip 192.168.44.155 master01.k8s.io master1 192.168.44.156 master02.k8s.io master2 192.168.44.157 node01.k8s.io node1 EOF
    
    # 将桥接的IPv4流量传递到iptables的链
    cat > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf << EOF net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1 net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1 EOF
    sysctl --system  # 生效
    
    # 时间同步
    yum install ntpdate -y
    ntpdate time.windows.com

## 3. 所有master节点部署keepalived ##

### 3.1 安装相关包和keepalived ###

# 安装 conntrack-tools libseccomp libtool-ltdl
    yum install -y conntrack-tools libseccomp libtool-ltdl
    
    # 安装 keepalived
    yum install -y keepalived

### 3.2配置master节点 ###

master1节点配置

*  网卡名字 和 VIP地址，可能要改，我的为：ens160

cat > /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf <<EOF ! Configuration File for keepalived global_defs { router_id k8s } vrrp_script check_haproxy { script "killall -0 haproxy" interval 3 weight -2 fall 10 rise 2 } vrrp_instance VI_1 { state MASTER interface ens33 virtual_router_id 51 priority 250 advert_int 1 authentication { auth_type PASS auth_pass ceb1b3ec013d66163d6ab } virtual_ipaddress { 192.168.44.158 } track_script { check_haproxy } } EOF

master2节点配置，与master1 一样的

cat > /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf <<EOF ! Configuration File for keepalived global_defs { router_id k8s } vrrp_script check_haproxy { script "killall -0 haproxy" interval 3 weight -2 fall 10 rise 2 } vrrp_instance VI_1 { state BACKUP interface ens33 virtual_router_id 51 priority 200 advert_int 1 authentication { auth_type PASS auth_pass ceb1b3ec013d66163d6ab } virtual_ipaddress { 192.168.44.158 } track_script { check_haproxy } } EOF

### 3.3 启动和检查 ###

在两台master节点都执行

# 启动keepalived
    $ systemctl start keepalived.service
    
    # 设置开机启动
    $ systemctl enable keepalived.service
    
    # 查看启动状态
    $ systemctl status keepalived.service

启动后查看master1的网卡信息

ip a s ens33

## 4. 部署haproxy ##

### 4.1 安装 ###

yum install -y haproxy

### 4.2 配置 ###

两台master节点的配置均相同，配置中声明了后端代理的两个master节点服务器，指定了haproxy运行的端口为16443等，因此16443端口为集群的入口

*  haproxy 端口为：16443

cat > /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg << EOF #--------------------------------------------------------------------- # Global settings #--------------------------------------------------------------------- global # to have these messages end up in /var/log/haproxy.log you will # need to: # 1) configure syslog to accept network log events. This is done # by adding the '-r' option to the SYSLOGD_OPTIONS in # /etc/sysconfig/syslog # 2) configure local2 events to go to the /var/log/haproxy.log # file. A line like the following can be added to # /etc/sysconfig/syslog # # local2.* /var/log/haproxy.log # log 127.0.0.1 local2 chroot /var/lib/haproxy pidfile /var/run/haproxy.pid maxconn 4000 user haproxy group haproxy daemon # turn on stats unix socket stats socket /var/lib/haproxy/stats #--------------------------------------------------------------------- # common defaults that all the 'listen' and 'backend' sections will # use if not designated in their block #--------------------------------------------------------------------- defaults mode http log global option httplog option dontlognull option http-server-close option forwardfor except 127.0.0.0/8 option redispatch retries 3 timeout http-request 10s timeout queue 1m timeout connect 10s timeout client 1m timeout server 1m timeout http-keep-alive 10s timeout check 10s maxconn 3000 #--------------------------------------------------------------------- # kubernetes apiserver frontend which proxys to the backends #--------------------------------------------------------------------- frontend kubernetes-apiserver mode tcp bind *:16443 option tcplog default_backend kubernetes-apiserver #--------------------------------------------------------------------- # round robin balancing between the various backends #--------------------------------------------------------------------- backend kubernetes-apiserver mode tcp balance roundrobin server master01.k8s.io 192.168.44.155:6443 check server master02.k8s.io 192.168.44.156:6443 check #--------------------------------------------------------------------- # collection haproxy statistics message #--------------------------------------------------------------------- listen stats bind *:1080 stats auth admin:awesomePassword stats refresh 5s stats realm HAProxy\ Statistics stats uri /admin?stats EOF

### 4.3 启动和检查 ###

两台master都启动

# 设置开机启动
    $ systemctl enable haproxy
    
    # 开启haproxy
    $ systemctl start haproxy
    
    # 查看启动状态
    $ systemctl status haproxy

检查端口

netstat -lntup|grep haproxy

## 5. 所有节点安装Docker/kubeadm/kubelet ##

Kubernetes默认CRI（容器运行时）为Docker，因此先安装Docker。

### 5.1 安装Docker ###

# 设置yum的仓库
    yum install wget
    $ wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo -O /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo
    
    # 插入docker
    $ yum -y install docker-ce-18.06.1.ce-3.el7
    
    # 开启docker
    $ systemctl enable docker && systemctl start docker
    
    # docker 的版本
    $ docker --version
    Docker version 18.06.1-ce, build e68fc7a

# 设置docker中 下载image的仓库
    $ cat > /etc/docker/daemon.json << EOF { "registry-mirrors": ["https://b9pmyelo.mirror.aliyuncs.com"] } EOF
    
    # 重启 docker
    systemctl restart docker

### 5.2 添加阿里云YUM软件源 ###

# 是 添加 k8s 下载数据的 地址
    $ cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo << EOF [kubernetes] name=Kubernetes baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64 enabled=1 gpgcheck=0 repo_gpgcheck=0 gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg EOF

### 5.3 安装kubeadm，kubelet和kubectl ###

由于版本更新频繁，这里指定版本号部署：

# kubelt kubeadm kubectl
    $ yum install -y kubelet-1.16.3 kubeadm-1.16.3 kubectl-1.16.3
    
    # 开启 kubelet
    $ systemctl enable kubelet

## 6. 部署Kubernetes Master ##

### 6.1 创建kubeadm配置文件 ###

在具有vip的master上操作，这里为master1

# 创建文件夹
    $ mkdir /usr/local/kubernetes/manifests -p
    
    # 进入
    $ cd /usr/local/kubernetes/manifests/
    
    # 编辑配置
    $ vi kubeadm-config.yaml
    
    apiServer:
      certSANs:
        - master1
        - master2
        - master.k8s.io
        - 192.168.44.158
        - 192.168.44.155
        - 192.168.44.156
        - 127.0.0.1
      extraArgs:
        authorization-mode: Node,RBAC
      timeoutForControlPlane: 4m0s
    apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta1
    certificatesDir: /etc/kubernetes/pki
    clusterName: kubernetes
    controlPlaneEndpoint: "master.k8s.io:16443"
    controllerManager: { }
    dns: 
      type: CoreDNS
    etcd:
      local:    
        dataDir: /var/lib/etcd
    imageRepository: registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers
    kind: ClusterConfiguration
    kubernetesVersion: v1.16.3
    networking: 
      dnsDomain: cluster.local  
      podSubnet: 10.244.0.0/16
      serviceSubnet: 10.1.0.0/16
    scheduler: { }

### 6.2 在master1节点执行 ###

$ kubeadm init --config kubeadm-config.yaml

按照提示配置环境变量，使用kubectl工具：

mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
    sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
    sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
    $ kubectl get nodes
    $ kubectl get pods -n kube-system

**按照提示保存以下内容，一会要使用：**

kubeadm join master.k8s.io:16443 --token jv5z7n.3y1zi95p952y9p65 \
        --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:403bca185c2f3a4791685013499e7ce58f9848e2213e27194b75a2e3293d8812 \
        --control-plane

查看集群状态

kubectl get cs
    
    kubectl get pods -n kube-system

## 7.安装集群网络 ##

从官方地址获取到flannel的yaml，在master1上执行

mkdir flannel
    cd flannel
    wget -c https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml

安装flannel网络

kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml

检查

kubectl get pods -n kube-system

## 8、master2节点加入集群 ##

### 8.1 复制密钥及相关文件 ###

从master1复制密钥及相关文件到master2

# 创建 /etcd
     ssh root@192.168.44.156 mkdir -p /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd
    
    # 复制admin.conf到 目录
     scp /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf root@192.168.44.156:/etc/kubernetes
      
    # 复制 sa front-proxy-ca 文件到 指定目录
     scp /etc/kubernetes/pki/{ ca.*,sa.*,front-proxy-ca.*} root@192.168.44.156:/etc/kubernetes/pki
       
    # 赋值 ca 文件到 etcd目录
     scp /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/ca.* root@192.168.44.156:/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd

### 8.2 master2加入集群 ###

执行在master1上init后输出的join命令,需要带上参数`--control-plane`表示把master控制节点加入集群

*  control-plane 加入集群

kubeadm join master.k8s.io:16443 --token ckf7bs.30576l0okocepg8b     --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:19afac8b11182f61073e254fb57b9f19ab4d798b70501036fc69ebef46094aba --control-plane
    
    #按照提示执行这些：mkdir -p $HOME/.kube 等

检查状态

kubectl get node
    
    kubectl get pods --all-namespaces

## 5. 加入Kubernetes Node ##

在node1上执行

向集群添加新节点，执行在kubeadm init输出的kubeadm join命令：

kubeadm join master.k8s.io:16443 --token ckf7bs.30576l0okocepg8b     --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:19afac8b11182f61073e254fb57b9f19ab4d798b70501036fc69ebef46094aba

**集群网络重新安装，因为添加了新的node节点**

kubectl delete -f kube-flannel.yml
    kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml

检查状态

kubectl get node
    
    kubectl get pods --all-namespaces

## 7. 测试kubernetes集群 ##

在Kubernetes集群中创建一个pod，验证是否正常运行：

# 创建
    $ kubectl create deployment nginx --image=nginx
    
    # expose
    $ kubectl expose deployment nginx --port=80 --type=NodePort
    
    # get pod
    $ kubectl get pod,svc

访问地址：http://NodeIP:Port

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