Android地图应用新视界--mapbox的应用开发之初始集成篇

我就是我 2022-08-23 04:58 156阅读 0赞

# mapbox的应用开发之初始集成篇    #

最近一款应用需要集成可用于全球的Android地图应用,本应首选Googlemap,但因为众所周知的原因在国内无法使用,并且国内的手机出厂时大多阉割Google service的部分导致不可用,即便可以用也没有数据(与苹果的原生地图全球可用真是好伤心,期盼Google快点回归天朝吧);譬如百度,高德抑或腾讯地图只在国内有数据,国外无法使用,也综合考虑了微软的bing map 和诺基亚的here map,都对Android端不太好用.综合考虑之下选用mapbox  这是一款开源多平台的库可在全球使用并且支持很多自定义和扩展化,当然难度也较大 ,本文只引用和介绍初始的集成应用  ,后续会有各种开发的具体实现和demo分享,有兴趣的可以一试:

好了话不多说,直接参考如下,英文较多但也简单易懂

## First steps with the Mapbox Android SDK ##

The [Mapbox Android SDK][] is our vector maps library for Android. This guide will walk you through installing the Mapbox Android SDK with [Android Studio][], loading a map, placing a pin on it, and changing the map style.

Heads up! We’re still actively developing the Mapbox Android SDK and will update this guide and add new ones as we improve its amazing features.

## Getting started ##

Here’s what you’ll need to get started:

*  [An access token][]. You can find your access tokens on your [account page][].
 *  [Android Studio][]. You can get this for free from Google.
 *  [Google Play Developer Account (optional)][Google Play Developer Account_optional]. If you want to publish your app to Google Play, you’ll need a Google Play developer account. Without one, you’ll still be able to preview the app on an Android Virtual Device (AVD) or install the demo app from an SDK on a physical device.

## Setting up Android Studio ##

Open Android Studio and go to File ‣ New ‣ New Project to create a new project (or select Start a new Android Studio project). Under Configure your new project:

*  Name the project `My First GL App`
 *  Set company domain to `mycompany.com`

![Image 1][]

Under Select the form factors your app will run on, check “Phone and Tablet.” For minimum SDK, `select API 15: Android 4.0.3 (IceCreamSandwich)`. This is the lowest API level currently supported by Mapbox Android SDK.

Click Next to advance to the activity selection screen. Select Empty Activity and click Next. Accept the default `Activity Name` and `Layout Name` and click Finish.

![Image 1][]

### Set up an Android Virtual Device ###

Android Studio can help you set up virtual Android devices on your computer to help test your app while you develop. To set one up, click on the Android Virtual Device (AVD) Manager icon ![Image 1][], then click the Create Virtual Device button. From the Phones category, select Nexus 5 and click Next. Select the release you would like to test against (this guide was built using Lollipop API level 23, x86, Android 6.0). Learn more about setting up an AVD from [Android Studio’s documentation][Android Studio_s documentation].

## Installing Mapbox ##

We recommend installing with [Gradle][]. This will automatically install the necessary dependencies and pull the SDK binaries from the Maven Central repository [Mapbox Android SDK on Maven Central][].

To install the current stable version, add this to your Module Build File `<PROJECT_ROOT>\app\build.gradle`:

repositories { mavenCentral()}dependencies { compile fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar'])testCompile 'junit:junit:4.12'compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:23.1.1'// add the Mapbox SDK dependency belowcompile ('com.mapbox.mapboxsdk:mapbox-android-sdk:4.0.0-beta.2@aar'){ transitive=true}}

![Image 1][]

For a full example Android project incorporating the SDK in this manner, please see the Mapbox Android SDK test app.

*  Source: [https://github.com/mapbox/mapbox-gl-native/tree/master/platform/android/MapboxGLAndroidSDKTestApp/][https_github.com_mapbox_mapbox-gl-native_tree_master_platform_android_MapboxGLAndroidSDKTestApp]

### App permissions ###

Ensure the following core permissions are requested in your project’s `AndroidManifest.xml` file from `~/MyFirstGLApp/app/src/main/`:

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE" /><uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" /><uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION" /><uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION" />

If the app is targeting Android Marshmallow (API 23) or later it’s [necessary to request permissions at runtime][]. Additionally, you’ll need to add the telemetry service inside your `<application>` tags:

### Access tokens ###

To use Mapbox services and APIs, such as maps, directions, and geocoding, you must have a Mapbox access token. You can find your access tokens in [your account settings][], where you can retrieve current tokens and generate new ones. Access tokens help you track usage and minimize disruption in the event a token needs to be revoked.

First, go to your account settings and create a new access token for `My First GL App`. Once you’ve got your token, open `strings.xml` file from `~/MyFirstGLApp/app/src/main/res/values`.

![Image 1][]

Add a new string for your access token:

<resources><string name="app_name">My First GL App</string><string name="accessToken"><your access token here></string></resources>

We’ll reference the string in the next step.

### MapView ###

The `MapView` class is the key component of our library. It behaves like any other `View` and its behavior can be changed statically with an [XML layout][] file, or programmatically during runtime.

To add the `MapView` as a layout element, replace the code in the `activity_main.xml` file from `~/MyFirstGLApp/app/src/main/res/layout/` with the following:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"xmlns:mapbox="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"android:layout_width="match_parent"android:layout_height="match_parent"tools:context=".MainActivity"><com.mapbox.mapboxsdk.maps.MapViewandroid:id="@+id/mapview"android:layout_width="fill_parent"android:layout_height="fill_parent"mapbox:access_token="@string/accessToken"/></RelativeLayout>

Later on, you can call the `MapView` class programmatically within an Activity:

findViewById(R.id.mapview);

### MapboxMap ###

Once you have declared and assigned your `MapView`, you will need to call `MapView.getMapAsync` to create a `MapboxMap` object. The `MapboxMap` object allows you to change styles and interact with your map.

mapView.getMapAsync(new OnMapReadyCallback() { @Overridepublic void onMapReady(MapboxMap mapboxMap) { // Interact with the map using mapboxMap here}});

Now you’re ready to start building with Mapbox!

## Adding a map ##

Let’s add a map of Chicago to our app. To start, open your `My First GL App` in Android Studio and navigate to `~/app/src/main/java/com.mycompany.myfirstglapp/MainActivity.java`.

![Screenshot][Image 1]

We’re going to use the `mapView` class we set up earlier to add a Mapbox map to our app. The app needs to know when to add the map, so we’ll do so when the activity is initialized with `onCreate`.

private MapView mapView;@Overrideprotected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);// Create a mapViewmapView = (MapView) findViewById(R.id.mainMapView);mapView.onCreate(savedInstanceState);}

Next, use your new `mapView` class to create a `MapboxMap` object. `MapboxMap` has lots of built-in methods that will allow you to apply styles, change the camera position, add markers, and more. Create your `MapboxMap`:

mapView.getMapAsync(new OnMapReadyCallback() { @Overridepublic void onMapReady(MapboxMap mapboxMap) { // Customize map with markers, polylines, etc.}});

### Configure your mapView ###

Starting with version 4.0.0 of the Mapbox Android SDK, you can configure many of your map’s characteristics, including starting camera position, style URL, and access token, in your activity’s layout file. Add the following to your activity’s layout file, inside your `com.mapbox.mapboxsdk.maps.MapView`tags:

mapbox:style_url="@string/style_mapbox_streets"
    mapbox:center_latitude="41.885"
    mapbox:center_longitude="-87.679"
    mapbox:zoom="12"
    mapbox:tilt="20"

When you’ve finished entering the above code, you will probably see some red warning text from Android Studio. This is because we haven’t yet imported some of the classes we’re referencing in `MainActivity.java`. You can automatically import these classes by pressing Alt + Enter (option + return on Mac). Alternatively, manually add the following to the top of your `MainActivity.java` file:

import android.app.Activity;import android.os.Bundle;import com.mapbox.mapboxsdk.camera.CameraPosition;import com.mapbox.mapboxsdk.constants.Style;import com.mapbox.mapboxsdk.geometry.LatLng;import com.mapbox.mapboxsdk.camera.CameraUpdateFactory;import com.mapbox.mapboxsdk.maps.MapView;import com.mapbox.mapboxsdk.maps.MapboxMap;import com.mapbox.mapboxsdk.maps.OnMapReadyCallback;

Next, we’ll handle the other types of events that might affect our map app:

@Overridepublic void onResume() { super.onResume();mapView.onResume();}@Overridepublic void onPause() { super.onPause();mapView.onPause();}@Overridepublic void onSaveInstanceState(Bundle outState) { super.onSaveInstanceState(outState);mapView.onSaveInstanceState(outState);}@Overridepublic void onLowMemory() { super.onLowMemory();mapView.onLowMemory();}@Overrideprotected void onDestroy() { super.onDestroy();mapView.onDestroy();}

Click the Run ‘app’ button ![Image 1][] to build your app. Android Studio will take a few seconds to build and if it finishes without errors, you’ll be able to test drive it in the AVD you set up earlier.

![Image 1][]

## Changing the map style ##

The Mapbox Android SDK comes bundled with a handful of map styles, so let’s try changing it up a bit. You can find a list of the current bundled styles with the Mapbox SDK’s Style constant. Let’s use the `LIGHT` style (the version of Mapbox Light that conforms to the v8 release of the [GL style specification][]).

Hint: Try typing `mapboxMap.setStyleUrl(Style.` and Android Studio will give you a list of available styles to choose from.

To set your map’s initial style to `LIGHT`, open your `activity_main.xml` layout file and set `mapbox:style_url`to `@string/style_light`:

mapbox:style_url="@string/style_light"

You can also change your style programmatically using `MapboxMap`’s `setStyleURL` method. Inside `onCreate()`, change the line that sets `mapboxMap`’s style to:

mapboxMap.setStyleUrl(Style.LIGHT);

![Image 1][]

### Creating your own GL styles ###

You can create your own custom GL styles with [Mapbox Studio][] and and add them to your app. To add one of your custom styles to your `mapboxMap`, head to your [styles page][], copy your style’s [style URL][], then add it to your `mapboxMap` with `setStyleURL()`:

mapboxMap.setStyleUrl("mapbox://styles/<your-account-name>/<your-style-ID>");

### Using Mapbox Studio Classic styles and maps ###

Raster maps and styles created with [Mapbox Studio Classic][] are not directly compatible with the Android SDK, though you can still load these maps [via a custom GL style][]. Please note that associated markers, lines, and shapes are not supported.

## Next steps ##

You just built a small Android app with Mapbox! You can now create an Android Studio project, install the Mapbox SDK, add a map, place a pin on it, and change the map style. Pat yourself on the back!

As you continue to develop your Mapbox app, we recommend that you read the following:

*  [Attribution][] — comply with the licensing terms of the map data used in your application

We’ll be adding and updating guides to help you learn all of Mapbox’s amazing features as we continue to develop it. Here are a few resources to keep you up-to-date with Mapbox:

*  [Mapbox Android SDK documentation][Mapbox Android SDK]
 *  [Mapbox GL Native on GitHub][] to follow the open source project behind Mapbox Mobile

[Mapbox Android SDK]: https://www.mapbox.com/android-sdk
[Android Studio]: http://developer.android.com/sdk/index.html
[An access token]: https://www.mapbox.com/help/define-access-token
[account page]: https://www.mapbox.com/studio/account/tokens/
[Google Play Developer Account_optional]: https://play.google.com/apps/publish/signup/
[Image 1]: 
[Android Studio_s documentation]: http://developer.android.com/tools/help/avd-manager.html
[Gradle]: http://www.gradle.org/
[Mapbox Android SDK on Maven Central]: http://search.maven.org/#artifactdetails|%20rel=
[https_github.com_mapbox_mapbox-gl-native_tree_master_platform_android_MapboxGLAndroidSDKTestApp]: https://github.com/mapbox/mapbox-gl-native/tree/master/platform/android/MapboxGLAndroidSDKTestApp/
[necessary to request permissions at runtime]: https://developer.android.com/training/permissions/requesting.html
[your account settings]: https://www.mapbox.com/account/apps/
[XML layout]: http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/ui/declaring-layout.html
[GL style specification]: https://www.mapbox.com/mapbox-gl-style-spec/
[Mapbox Studio]: https://www.mapbox.com/mapbox-studio/
[styles page]: https://www.mapbox.com/studio/styles/
[style URL]: https://www.mapbox.com/help/define-style-url/
[Mapbox Studio Classic]: https://www.mapbox.com/mapbox-studio-classic/
[via a custom GL style]: https://www.mapbox.com/android-sdk/custom-raster-style/
[Attribution]: https://www.mapbox.com/android-sdk/#attribution
[Mapbox GL Native on GitHub]: https://github.com/mapbox/mapbox-gl-native