【Spring学习】Bean的扫描注册

约定不等于承诺〃 2022-08-23 01:24 166阅读 0赞

在前面的文章[《使用IDEA创建Spring mvc工程及简要分析》][IDEA_Spring mvc]中，稍微讲过MVC寻找配置文件的过程，现在在这个基础上，看一下配置文件是如何加载的，着重看一下Bean的扫描注册过程。其实稍微用过Spring的人都知道，Bean可以通过Xml配置文件与注解两种方式来配置，看过本文后可以看到，这两种方式最后调用的都是相同的接口进行Bean的注册，只不过扫描的过程不一样。

## 一、配置文件读取 ##

上面文章最后提到XmlWebApplicationContext类，找到了名为mvc-dispatcher-servlet.xml的配置文件，现在继续跟踪是如何处理这个文件的。

FrameworkServlet.java:
    
    protected WebApplicationContext createWebApplicationContext(ApplicationContext parent) {
        //取上下文类，默认为XmlWebApplicationContext
        Class<?> contextClass = getContextClass();
        ...
        //配置上下文类
        configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(wac);
    
        return wac;
    }
    
    protected void configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(ConfigurableWebApplicationContext wac) {
    
        ...
        //初始化上下文，这是非常重要的一个函数，很多Spring相关属性，Bean注册，初始化都是在这里完成的
        wac.refresh();
    }
    
    
    AbstractApplicationContext.java:
    //这个函数就直接都贴出来了，不过其他逻辑暂不分析，只看解析配置文件，注册Bean相关
    @Override
    public void refresh() throws BeansException, IllegalStateException {
        synchronized (this.startupShutdownMonitor) {
            // Prepare this context for refreshing.
            prepareRefresh();
    
            // Tell the subclass to refresh the internal bean factory.
            //就是这一句
            ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = obtainFreshBeanFactory();
    
            // Prepare the bean factory for use in this context.
            prepareBeanFactory(beanFactory);
    
            try {
                // Allows post-processing of the bean factory in context subclasses.
                postProcessBeanFactory(beanFactory);
    
                // Invoke factory processors registered as beans in the context.
                invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(beanFactory);
    
                // Register bean processors that intercept bean creation.
                registerBeanPostProcessors(beanFactory);
    
                // Initialize message source for this context.
                initMessageSource();
    
                // Initialize event multicaster for this context.
                initApplicationEventMulticaster();
    
                // Initialize other special beans in specific context subclasses.
                onRefresh();
    
                // Check for listener beans and register them.
                registerListeners();
    
                // Instantiate all remaining (non-lazy-init) singletons.
                finishBeanFactoryInitialization(beanFactory);
    
                // Last step: publish corresponding event.
                finishRefresh();
            }
    
            catch (BeansException ex) {
                logger.warn("Exception encountered during context initialization - cancelling refresh attempt", ex);
    
                // Destroy already created singletons to avoid dangling resources.
                destroyBeans();
    
                // Reset 'active' flag.
                cancelRefresh(ex);
    
                // Propagate exception to caller.
                throw ex;
            }
        }
    }
    
    
    protected ConfigurableListableBeanFactory obtainFreshBeanFactory() {
        //刷新Bean工厂
        refreshBeanFactory();
        ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = getBeanFactory();
        if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
            logger.debug("Bean factory for " + getDisplayName() + ": " + beanFactory);
        }
        return beanFactory;
    }
    
    AbstractRefreshableApplicationContext.java：
    @Override
    protected final void refreshBeanFactory() throws BeansException {
        if (hasBeanFactory()) {
            destroyBeans();
            closeBeanFactory();
        }
        try {
            DefaultListableBeanFactory beanFactory = createBeanFactory();
            beanFactory.setSerializationId(getId());
            customizeBeanFactory(beanFactory);
            //加载Bean配置到Bean工厂
            loadBeanDefinitions(beanFactory);
            synchronized (this.beanFactoryMonitor) {
                this.beanFactory = beanFactory;
            }
        }
        catch (IOException ex) {
            throw new ApplicationContextException("I/O error parsing bean definition source for " + getDisplayName(), ex);
        }
    }
    
    XmlWebApplicationContext.java:
    @Override
    protected void loadBeanDefinitions(DefaultListableBeanFactory beanFactory) throws BeansException, IOException {
        // Create a new XmlBeanDefinitionReader for the given BeanFactory.
        XmlBeanDefinitionReader beanDefinitionReader = new XmlBeanDefinitionReader(beanFactory);
        ...
        //使用XmlBeanDefinitionReader去加载相关Bean配置
        loadBeanDefinitions(beanDefinitionReader);
    }
    
    protected void loadBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader reader) throws IOException {
        //这会取到我们的配置文件，也就是mvc-dispatcher-servlet.xml，终于找到你了^_^
        String[] configLocations = getConfigLocations();
        if (configLocations != null) {
            for (String configLocation : configLocations) {
                reader.loadBeanDefinitions(configLocation);
            }
        }
    }

到这里，看到了我们的配置文件mvc-dispatcher-servlet.xml，后面的代码会去分析并注册其中配置的Bean。

XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:
    public int loadBeanDefinitions(EncodedResource encodedResource) throws BeanDefinitionStoreException {
        ...
        //读取配置文件mvc-dispatcher-servlet.xml为InputStream，及额外的异常处理后，继续加载
        return doLoadBeanDefinitions(inputSource, encodedResource.getResource());
        ... 
    }
    
    protected int doLoadBeanDefinitions(InputSource inputSource, Resource resource)
                throws BeanDefinitionStoreException {
        //加载XML文件
        Document doc = doLoadDocument(inputSource, resource);
        //继续加载
        return registerBeanDefinitions(doc, resource);
    
    }
    
    public int registerBeanDefinitions(Document doc, Resource resource) throws BeanDefinitionStoreException {
        BeanDefinitionDocumentReader documentReader = createBeanDefinitionDocumentReader();
        documentReader.setEnvironment(getEnvironment());
        int countBefore = getRegistry().getBeanDefinitionCount();
        /*加载Bean配置，这里有一个重要处理，会加载XML不同命名空间对应的处理类 在函数createReaderContext(resource)中，创建DefaultNamespaceHandlerResolver 后面在处理自定义节点时，会调用这里的处理函数 */
        documentReader.registerBeanDefinitions(doc, createReaderContext(resource));
        return getRegistry().getBeanDefinitionCount() - countBefore;
    }

这里的DefaultNamespaceHandlerResolver还是需要详细说一下的，这个类会添加不同命名空间的处理函数：

*  有一个命名空间对应处理类的配置  
    public static final String DEFAULT\_HANDLER\_MAPPINGS\_LOCATION = “META-INF/spring.handlers”;  
    在各个spring的jar包中会找到这个文件
 *  如spring-context-4.1.1.RELEASE-sources.jar!/META-INF/spring.handlers，文件中有配置：

http\://www.springframework.org/schema/context=org.springframework.context.config.ContextNamespaceHandler
    http\://www.springframework.org/schema/jee=org.springframework.ejb.config.JeeNamespaceHandler
    http\://www.springframework.org/schema/lang=org.springframework.scripting.config.LangNamespaceHandler
    http\://www.springframework.org/schema/task=org.springframework.scheduling.config.TaskNamespaceHandler
    http\://www.springframework.org/schema/cache=org.springframework.cache.config.CacheNamespaceHandler

*  这样，不同的Xml节点，会调用各自命名空间的处理类，如:

<context:component-scan base-package="com.springapp.mvc"/>

调用：  
org.springframework.context.config.ContextNamespaceHandler  
来处理

*  处理类中，针对不同的节点，也会注册不同的处理类：

registerBeanDefinitionParser("component-scan", new ComponentScanBeanDefinitionParser());

*  后续处理到context:component-scan节点时，就会调用ComponentScanBeanDefinitionParser处理类来处理，这个等后面提到解析不同节点时会再提到
 *  知道了这个流程，我们就可以注册自己的命名空间，添加自己的处理类

DefaultBeanDefinitionDocumentReader.java:
    @Override
    public void registerBeanDefinitions(Document doc, XmlReaderContext readerContext) {
        this.readerContext = readerContext;
        logger.debug("Loading bean definitions");
        Element root = doc.getDocumentElement();
        //继续加载
        doRegisterBeanDefinitions(root);
    }
    
    
    protected void doRegisterBeanDefinitions(Element root) {
    
        ...
        //这个函数在碰到<beans>会有递归调用，有一部分保证递归调用正确的逻辑
    
        //默认空函数
        preProcessXml(root);
        //扫描注册Bean
        parseBeanDefinitions(root, this.delegate);
        //默认空函数
        postProcessXml(root);
        ...
    }
    
    
    /** * Parse the elements at the root level in the document: * "import", "alias", "bean". * @param root the DOM root element of the document */
    protected void parseBeanDefinitions(Element root, BeanDefinitionParserDelegate delegate) {
        if (delegate.isDefaultNamespace(root)) {
            //默认命名空间"http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"，调用默认处理，主要是import,alias,bean节
            NodeList nl = root.getChildNodes();
            for (int i = 0; i < nl.getLength(); i++) {
                Node node = nl.item(i);
                if (node instanceof Element) {
                    Element ele = (Element) node;
                    if (delegate.isDefaultNamespace(ele)) {
                        parseDefaultElement(ele, delegate);
                    }
                    else {
                        //调用自定义处理，如component-scan节
                        delegate.parseCustomElement(ele);
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        else {
            //调用自定义处理，如component-scan节
            delegate.parseCustomElement(root);
        }
    }

从这里开始分两种不同处理

*  一种是默认命名空间，如bean节，这种就是直接在Xml文件中配置Bean定义
 *  另一种如component-scan配置，在Xml中配置后，会根据配置，到包中去分析注解，也就是最终Bean是通过注解来定义的

## 二、XML文件中定义Bean ##

在XML中最简单的Bean定义，定义一个bean name为loginService的bean

接着上一节看一下，是如何解析的：

DefaultBeanDefinitionDocumentReader.java:
    
    private void parseDefaultElement(Element ele, BeanDefinitionParserDelegate delegate) {
    
        if (delegate.nodeNameEquals(ele, IMPORT_ELEMENT)) {
            //处理<import>
            importBeanDefinitionResource(ele);
        }
        else if (delegate.nodeNameEquals(ele, ALIAS_ELEMENT)) {
            //处理<alias>
            processAliasRegistration(ele);
        }
        else if (delegate.nodeNameEquals(ele, BEAN_ELEMENT)) {
            //处理<bean>
            processBeanDefinition(ele, delegate);
        }
        else if (delegate.nodeNameEquals(ele, NESTED_BEANS_ELEMENT)) {
            // recurse
            //递归处理<beans>
            doRegisterBeanDefinitions(ele);
        }
    }
    
    /** * Process the given bean element, parsing the bean definition * and registering it with the registry. */
    protected void processBeanDefinition(Element ele, BeanDefinitionParserDelegate delegate) {
        /* 处理<bean>内部各种属性定义如id/class，子节点如constructor-arg/property等 这些都是对bean进行限制或说明的定义，非常重要的函数 */
        BeanDefinitionHolder bdHolder = delegate.parseBeanDefinitionElement(ele);
        if (bdHolder != null) {
            //处理自定义的属性，可以通过之前说过的配置命名空间来实现，默认为空
            bdHolder = delegate.decorateBeanDefinitionIfRequired(ele, bdHolder);
            try {
                // Register the final decorated instance.
                //bean定义完成，真正注册bean的地方
                BeanDefinitionReaderUtils.registerBeanDefinition(bdHolder, getReaderContext().getRegistry());
            }
            catch (BeanDefinitionStoreException ex) {
                getReaderContext().error("Failed to register bean definition with name '" +
                        bdHolder.getBeanName() + "'", ele, ex);
            }
            // Send registration event.
            getReaderContext().fireComponentRegistered(new BeanComponentDefinition(bdHolder));
        }
    }

这里又分两部分来说，一个是Bean的定义解析，一个是Bean的注册，注册稍微简单一些

### 1. Bean定义解析 ###

Bean的定义很复杂，主要是可选配置项太多，当然，做为一个框架容器，这是不可避免的，即使我们平时使用的选项很少，在真正用到的时候无法实现，就不美了。  
       这里不会详细去分析配置如何解析，只会跟踪相关代码位置，后续有用得到的，才可能会去研究。

/** * Parses the supplied {@code <bean>} element. May return {@code null} * if there were errors during parse. Errors are reported to the * {@link org.springframework.beans.factory.parsing.ProblemReporter}. */
    public BeanDefinitionHolder parseBeanDefinitionElement(Element ele, BeanDefinition containingBean) {
        String id = ele.getAttribute(ID_ATTRIBUTE);
        String nameAttr = ele.getAttribute(NAME_ATTRIBUTE);
    
        ...
        //检查beanName的唯一性
        if (containingBean == null) {
            checkNameUniqueness(beanName, aliases, ele);
        }
        //解析定义
        AbstractBeanDefinition beanDefinition = parseBeanDefinitionElement(ele, beanName, containingBean);
    
        ...
    }
    
    //真正解析Bean定义的函数
    /** * Parse the bean definition itself, without regard to name or aliases. May return * {@code null} if problems occurred during the parsing of the bean definition. */
    public AbstractBeanDefinition parseBeanDefinitionElement(
            Element ele, String beanName, BeanDefinition containingBean) {
    
        this.parseState.push(new BeanEntry(beanName));
    
        String className = null;
        if (ele.hasAttribute(CLASS_ATTRIBUTE)) {
            className = ele.getAttribute(CLASS_ATTRIBUTE).trim();
        }
    
        try {
            String parent = null;
            if (ele.hasAttribute(PARENT_ATTRIBUTE)) {
                parent = ele.getAttribute(PARENT_ATTRIBUTE);
            }
            //创建Bean定义，通过类名与parent定义
            AbstractBeanDefinition bd = createBeanDefinition(className, parent);
            //解析Bean属性，如scope/lazy-init等
            parseBeanDefinitionAttributes(ele, beanName, containingBean, bd);
            bd.setDescription(DomUtils.getChildElementValueByTagName(ele, DESCRIPTION_ELEMENT));
            //解析meta
            parseMetaElements(ele, bd);
            //处理lookup-method子节点配置
            parseLookupOverrideSubElements(ele, bd.getMethodOverrides());
            //处理方法替换replaced-method子节点配置
            parseReplacedMethodSubElements(ele, bd.getMethodOverrides());
            //处理constructor-arg子节点配置
            parseConstructorArgElements(ele, bd);
            //处理property子节点配置
            parsePropertyElements(ele, bd);
            //处理qualifier子节点配置
            parseQualifierElements(ele, bd);
    
            bd.setResource(this.readerContext.getResource());
            bd.setSource(extractSource(ele));
    
            return bd;
        }
        catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
            error("Bean class [" + className + "] not found", ele, ex);
        }
        catch (NoClassDefFoundError err) {
            error("Class that bean class [" + className + "] depends on not found", ele, err);
        }
        catch (Throwable ex) {
            error("Unexpected failure during bean definition parsing", ele, ex);
        }
        finally {
            this.parseState.pop();
        }
    
        return null;
    }

### 2.Bean注册 ###

BeanDefinitionReaderUtils.java
    
    /** * Register the given bean definition with the given bean factory. * @param definitionHolder the bean definition including name and aliases * @param registry the bean factory to register with * @throws BeanDefinitionStoreException if registration failed */
    public static void registerBeanDefinition(
            BeanDefinitionHolder definitionHolder, BeanDefinitionRegistry registry)
            throws BeanDefinitionStoreException {
    
        // Register bean definition under primary name.
        String beanName = definitionHolder.getBeanName();
        //注册Bean
        registry.registerBeanDefinition(beanName, definitionHolder.getBeanDefinition());
    
        // Register aliases for bean name, if any.
        String[] aliases = definitionHolder.getAliases();
        if (aliases != null) {
            for (String aliase : aliases) {
                registry.registerAlias(beanName, aliase);
            }
        }
    }
    
    org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory#registerBeanDefinition：
    
    @Override
    public void registerBeanDefinition(String beanName, BeanDefinition beanDefinition)
            throws BeanDefinitionStoreException {
    
        ...
    
        synchronized (this.beanDefinitionMap) {
            oldBeanDefinition = this.beanDefinitionMap.get(beanName);
            if (oldBeanDefinition != null) {
                //如果Bean已经有定义
                if (!this.allowBeanDefinitionOverriding) {
                    //配置不允许覆盖定义，异常报错
                    throw new BeanDefinitionStoreException(beanDefinition.getResourceDescription(), beanName,
                            "Cannot register bean definition [" + beanDefinition + "] for bean '" + beanName +
                            "': There is already [" + oldBeanDefinition + "] bound.");
                }
                else if (oldBeanDefinition.getRole() < beanDefinition.getRole()) {
                    // e.g. was ROLE_APPLICATION, now overriding with ROLE_SUPPORT or ROLE_INFRASTRUCTURE
                    if (this.logger.isWarnEnabled()) {
                        this.logger.warn("Overriding user-defined bean definition for bean '" + beanName +
                                " with a framework-generated bean definition ': replacing [" +
                                oldBeanDefinition + "] with [" + beanDefinition + "]");
                    }
                }
                else {
                    if (this.logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
                        this.logger.info("Overriding bean definition for bean '" + beanName +
                                "': replacing [" + oldBeanDefinition + "] with [" + beanDefinition + "]");
                    }
                }
            }
            else {
                this.beanDefinitionNames.add(beanName);
                this.frozenBeanDefinitionNames = null;
            }
            //添加Bean定义，其实就是一个map,key是beanName
            this.beanDefinitionMap.put(beanName, beanDefinition);
        }
    
        if (oldBeanDefinition != null || containsSingleton(beanName)) {
            //如果Bean被新定义覆盖，将之前所有注入过的，销毁掉，以后需要时再重新创建
            resetBeanDefinition(beanName);
        }
    }

## 三、使用自动扫描注解来定义Bean ##

使用XML配置Bean，当项目文件非常多时，会非常麻烦，所以在Spring在2.5以后版本，提供了使用注解来进行Bean配置。首先，我们在配置文件中配置：

<context:component-scan base-package="com.springapp.mvc"/>

这是最简单的配置，其他选项以后再分析，先看看是如何实现自动扫描注解添加Bean的。

第一节其实已经提到过，有一个专门解析context:component-scan节点的类：org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScanBeanDefinitionParser

@Override
    public BeanDefinition parse(Element element, ParserContext parserContext) {
        String basePackage = element.getAttribute(BASE_PACKAGE_ATTRIBUTE);
        basePackage = parserContext.getReaderContext().getEnvironment().resolvePlaceholders(basePackage);
        String[] basePackages = StringUtils.tokenizeToStringArray(basePackage,
                ConfigurableApplicationContext.CONFIG_LOCATION_DELIMITERS);
    
        // Actually scan for bean definitions and register them.
        ClassPathBeanDefinitionScanner scanner = configureScanner(parserContext, element);
        //扫描所有文件中的注解，生成Bean定义，并进行注册
        Set<BeanDefinitionHolder> beanDefinitions = scanner.doScan(basePackages);
        registerComponents(parserContext.getReaderContext(), beanDefinitions, element);
    
        return null;
    }
    
    
    org.springframework.context.annotation.ClassPathBeanDefinitionScanner#doScan：
    /** * Perform a scan within the specified base packages, * returning the registered bean definitions. * <p>This method does <i>not</i> register an annotation config processor * but rather leaves this up to the caller. * @param basePackages the packages to check for annotated classes * @return set of beans registered if any for tooling registration purposes (never {@code null}) */
    protected Set<BeanDefinitionHolder> doScan(String... basePackages) {
        Assert.notEmpty(basePackages, "At least one base package must be specified");
        Set<BeanDefinitionHolder> beanDefinitions = new LinkedHashSet<BeanDefinitionHolder>();
        for (String basePackage : basePackages) {
            //找到包下所有Bean定义
            Set<BeanDefinition> candidates = findCandidateComponents(basePackage);
            for (BeanDefinition candidate : candidates) {
                ScopeMetadata scopeMetadata = this.scopeMetadataResolver.resolveScopeMetadata(candidate);
                candidate.setScope(scopeMetadata.getScopeName());
                //生成beanName，后面的操作和Xml文件中添加Bean的流程就是一样的了
                String beanName = this.beanNameGenerator.generateBeanName(candidate, this.registry);
                if (candidate instanceof AbstractBeanDefinition) {
                    postProcessBeanDefinition((AbstractBeanDefinition) candidate, beanName);
                }
                if (candidate instanceof AnnotatedBeanDefinition) {
                    AnnotationConfigUtils.processCommonDefinitionAnnotations((AnnotatedBeanDefinition) candidate);
                }
                if (checkCandidate(beanName, candidate)) {
                    BeanDefinitionHolder definitionHolder = new BeanDefinitionHolder(candidate, beanName);
                    definitionHolder = AnnotationConfigUtils.applyScopedProxyMode(scopeMetadata, definitionHolder, this.registry);
                    beanDefinitions.add(definitionHolder);
                    //进行Bean注册，里面调用的是和第二节注册时相同的方法
                    registerBeanDefinition(definitionHolder, this.registry);
                }
            }
        }
        return beanDefinitions;
    }

后面太细的就不再跟进去了。这种方法扫描的是@Component及其特例化的注解@Repository、@Service 和 @Controller所注解的类，当前这4个注解是完全一样的，只是用来标记Bean。

## 四、总结 ##

以后这么细的去看框架代码会比较少了，因为这样看代码反而钻了牛角尖，学不到多少东西，甚至还不如多写多用，多看相关框架的书籍，学习框架的设计思路。

[IDEA_Spring mvc]: http://blog.csdn.net/pur_e/article/details/51243169