linux添加硬盘并且格式化

迷南。 2022-08-23 00:31 221阅读 0赞

前段时间玩了一阵子LFS。这一段时间一直做linux系统防护，需要加一块硬盘，有些知识点忘记了。因此写一点东西记录一下。用虚拟机演示吧  
1.首先添加一块硬盘  
![这里写图片描述][20160602120406476]  
2.选择scsi  
![这里写图片描述][20160602120512148]  
3.创建磁盘  
![这里写图片描述][20160602120551586]  
4指定磁盘容量（选择默认）  
![这里写图片描述][20160602120720727]  
5完成确定  
6.开启虚拟机  
7.查看当前磁盘信息

[root@centos6 ~]# fdisk -l
    
    Disk /dev/sda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
    255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
    Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
    Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    Disk identifier: 0x000aefbd
    
       Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
    /dev/sda1   *           1          64      512000   83  Linux
    Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
    /dev/sda2              64        2611    20458496   8e  Linux LVM
    
    Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
    255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
    Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
    Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    Disk identifier: 0x00000000
    
    
    Disk /dev/mapper/vg_centos6-lv_root: 18.8 GB, 18832424960 bytes
    255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2289 cylinders
    Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
    Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    Disk identifier: 0x00000000
    
    
    Disk /dev/mapper/vg_centos6-lv_swap: 2113 MB, 2113929216 bytes
    255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 257 cylinders
    Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
    Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    Disk identifier: 0x00000000

可知新添加的磁盘在**/dev/sdb**  
8.格式化

[root@centos6 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
    Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
    Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x70d443e5.
    Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
    After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.
    
    Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
    
    WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
             switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
             sectors (command 'u').
    
    Command (m for help):

我们可以输入m查看帮助

Command (m for help): m
    Command action
       a   toggle a bootable flag
       b   edit bsd disklabel
       c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
       d   delete a partition #删除一个分区
       l   list known partition types #列出已知的分区类型
       m   print this menu #帮助
       n   add a new partition #创建一个新分区
       o   create a new empty DOS partition table 
       p   print the partition table 
       q   quit without saving changes
       s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
       t   change a partition's system id
       u   change display/entry units
       v   verify the partition table
       w   write table to disk and exit
       x   extra functionality (experts only)
    
    Command (m for help):

9.创建分区

Command (m for help): n#创建分区
    Command action
       e   extended
       p   primary partition (1-4)
    p#选择主分区
    Partition number (1-4):
    Value out of range.
    Partition number (1-4): 1#选择分区名称
    First cylinder (1-2610, default 1):#选择分区起始位置
    Using default value 1
    Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-2610, default 2610):#选择分区结束位置（我全部默认了）
    Using default value 2610
    
    Command (m for help): w#写入分区表
    The partition table has been altered!
    
    Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
    Syncing disks.

10.格式化

[root@centos6 ~]# mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sdb1 #格式化分区
    
    Writing inode tables: done
    Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
    Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
    
    This filesystem will be automatically checked every 27 mounts or
    180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

11.挂载，查看

[root@centos6 ~]# mkdir /lfs
    [root@centos6 ~]# mount /dev/sdb1 /lfs/
    [root@centos6 ~]# df -lh
    Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
    /dev/mapper/vg_centos6-lv_root
                           18G  1.2G   16G   7% /
    tmpfs                 498M     0  498M   0% /dev/shm
    /dev/sda1             477M   30M  422M   7% /boot
    /dev/sdb1              20G   44M   19G   1% /lfs

12.开机自动挂载

编辑
    [root@centos6 ~]# vi /etc/fstab
    #加入以下内容
    /dev/sdb1               /lfs                    ext4     defaults,       0 1

附格式化swap 分区

1.构造系统文件
    dd if=/dev/zero of=/swapfile bs=1024 count=102400
    这里构建一个100M的系统文件
    
    mkswap /swapfile
    增加交换条目：
    /swapfile    swap    swap    defaults  0 0
    swapon -a
    
    3.swapon -s
    此时可以看到刚刚添加的两个交换分区，其类型分别是partition和file.
    或者
    mkswap /dev/hdb1
    格式化分区并创建文件系统
    
    在/etc/fstab中增加挂载条目：
    /dev/sdb2   swap   swap   defaults   0 0
    
    激活交换分区
    swapon -a
    将所有/etc/fstab中的交换条目都开启
    
    查看交换分区状态
    swapon -s

swap分区格式化参考：  
[http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog\_70291fc10100xskv.html][http_blog.sina.com.cn_s_blog_70291fc10100xskv.html]

[20160602120406476]: /images/20220722/8e080904b3d2430c977d204bd54681f1.png
[20160602120512148]: /images/20220722/65e9c86852e943818d46654d3d23997f.png
[20160602120551586]: /images/20220722/09cf12ce11f7421fa3a80e01f8ea54ec.png
[20160602120720727]: /images/20220722/de195bc9780a44898004f6ba73347dfa.png
[http_blog.sina.com.cn_s_blog_70291fc10100xskv.html]: http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_70291fc10100xskv.html