详解Android 6.0运行时权限

ゝ一纸荒年。 2022-08-22 11:29 190阅读 0赞

### 转载地址：http://www.jianshu.com/p/57798618bd90\#rd    ###

### 1. 运行时获得权限: ###

从androi 6.0开始,不再是安装应用时用户确定获得全部的权限.而是在使用软件过程中需要该权限时,弹出对话框让用户选择权限.不仅如此,用户选择权限后还可以关闭。

### 2. 检查是否获得权限: ###

通过 ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(context,permission)方法,方法返回值为 PackageManager.PERMISSION\_GRANTED or PackageManager.PERMISSION\_DENIED

int permissionCheck = ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this,
                    Manifest.permission.WRITE_CALENDAR);
            if (permissionCheck == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                Toast.makeText(PermissionActivity.this, "hava this permission", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }else {
                Toast.makeText(PermissionActivity.this, "no this permission", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }

### 3. 请求权限: ###

通过ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(activity,permissions,requestCode)第二个参数是一个String数组,第三个参数是请求码便于在onRequestPermissionsResult 方法中根据requestCode进行判断.

ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(PermissionActivity.this,
                            new String[]{
        Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS},
                            MY_PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_READ_CONTACTS);

### 4. 请求权限后的回调: ###

请求权限后会回调onRequestPermissionsResult方法,在activity中重写onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode,permissions,grantResults)方法 grantResults是int类型的数组每个值为PackageManager.PERMISSION\_GRANTED or PackageManager.PERMISSION\_DENIED 分别对应permissions的每个请求.

### 5. 告诉用户为何需要权限: ###

ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(activity,permission) 这个方法是在用户拒绝权限后返回true. 也就是说:用户第一次点击一个需要权限的地方,该方法返回false(因为用户没拒绝~),当用户拒绝掉该权限,下次点击此权限处,该方法会返回true.可在里面进行对该权限的说明,然后弹出权限让用户选择,并且对话框有don't ask again选项.

@OnClick(R.id.btn_check) public void onClick() { //判断是否有权限 if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(PermissionActivity.this, Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) { //当用户拒绝掉权限时. if (ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(PermissionActivity.this, Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS)) { Toast.makeText(PermissionActivity.this, "true", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); AlertDialog dialog = new AlertDialog.Builder(this).setTitle("该权限保证手机不会爆炸^ ^").setPositiveButton("我需要此权限!", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) { ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(PermissionActivity.this, new String[]{Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS}, MY_PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_READ_CONTACTS); } }).setNegativeButton("炸吧炸吧~", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) { Toast.makeText(PermissionActivity.this, "准备爆炸了", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } }).show(); } else { Toast.makeText(PermissionActivity.this, "false", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(PermissionActivity.this, new String[]{Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS}, MY_PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_READ_CONTACTS); } } }

### 6.用户选择do't ask again 后 ###

ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(activity,permission) 方法一直返回false,并且ActivityCompat.requestPermissions不会弹出对话框,系统直接deny,并回调onRequestPermissionsResult方法.

@Override public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) { switch (requestCode) { case MY_PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_READ_CONTACTS: { // If request is cancelled, the result arrays are empty. if (grantResults.length > 0 && grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) { } else { showDialog(); // Toast.makeText(PermissionActivity.this, "request false", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } } } } private void showDialog() { AlertDialog dialog = new AlertDialog.Builder(this).setTitle("还可以手动开启哦~").setMessage("可以前往设置->app->myapp->permission打开").setPositiveButton("确定!", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) { } }).show(); }

![strip][]

yuyue0.gif

### 7. 用户接受权限 ###

![strip 1][]

yuyue1.gif

### 8.补充 ###

android权限有normal和dangerous两种 normal系统会自动给予权限,dangerous需要用户选择.[Normal and Dangerous Permissions][]

用户手动开启权限:

![strip 2][]

[strip]: /images/20220722/4c0789897ed34fe597bddc6e0bd4d159.png
[strip 1]: /images/20220722/6aeaf0c39e264ca093b766cf754a6cf3.png
[Normal and Dangerous Permissions]: https://developer.android.com/guide/topics/security/permissions.html#normal-dangerous
[strip 2]: /images/20220722/1011f2ccd5394fd6a85a0ccec533290f.png