linux学习笔记入门之重要的快捷键

淩亂°似流年 2022-08-21 11:48 10阅读 0赞

重要的快捷键：

1.\[Tab\]

使用`Tab`键来进行命令补全，`Tab`键一般键盘是在字母`Q`旁边，这个技巧给你带来的最大的好处就是当你忘记某个命令的全称时你可以只输入它的开头的一部分然后按下`Tab`键就可以得到提示或者帮助完成.当然不止补全命令，补全目录，补全命令参数都是没问题的

2.\[Ctrl+c\]

想想你有没有遇到这种情况，当你在 Linux 命令行中无意输入了一个不知道的命令，或者错误的使用了一个命令，导致在终端里出现了你无法预料的情况，比如，只有光标在闪烁无法继续输入命令，或者不停地在输出一大堆你不想要的结果。你想要立即停止并恢复到你可控的状态，那该怎么办呢。这时候你就可以使用`Ctrl+c`键来强行终止当前程序（你可以放心它并不会使终端退出）。

##### 其他一些常用快捷键 #####

<table style="border-spacing:0px; width:542px; margin:20px auto; border-width:1px 1px 1px 0px; border-top-style:solid; border-right-style:solid; border-bottom-style:solid; border-top-color:rgb(221,221,221); border-right-color:rgb(221,221,221); border-bottom-color:rgb(221,221,221); color:rgb(51,51,51); font-family:'Microsoft Yahei',SimHei,Tahoma,Arial,Helvetica,STHeiti; font-size:12px; line-height:17.1429px"> 
 <thead style=""> 
  <tr style=""> 
   <th style="padding:8px; line-height:20px; vertical-align:top; border-top-style:none; border-left-width:1px; border-left-style:solid; border-left-color:rgb(221,221,221)"> 按键</th> 
   <th style="padding:8px; line-height:20px; vertical-align:top; border-top-style:none; border-left-width:1px; border-left-style:solid; border-left-color:rgb(221,221,221)"> 作用</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody style=""> 
  <tr style=""> 
   <td style="padding:8px; line-height:20px; vertical-align:top; border-top-width:1px; border-top-style:solid; border-top-color:rgb(221,221,221); border-left-width:1px; border-left-style:solid; border-left-color:rgb(221,221,221)"> <code style="font-family:Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,'Courier New',monospace; padding:2px 4px; color:rgb(199,37,78); word-break:break-all; background-color:rgb(249,242,244)">Ctrl+d</code></td> 
   <td style="padding:8px; line-height:20px; vertical-align:top; border-top-width:1px; border-top-style:solid; border-top-color:rgb(221,221,221); border-left-width:1px; border-left-style:solid; border-left-color:rgb(221,221,221)"> 键盘输入结束或退出终端</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr style=""> 
   <td style="padding:8px; line-height:20px; vertical-align:top; border-top-width:1px; border-top-style:solid; border-top-color:rgb(221,221,221); border-left-width:1px; border-left-style:solid; border-left-color:rgb(221,221,221)"> <code style="font-family:Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,'Courier New',monospace; padding:2px 4px; color:rgb(199,37,78); word-break:break-all; background-color:rgb(249,242,244)">Ctrl+s</code></td> 
   <td style="padding:8px; line-height:20px; vertical-align:top; border-top-width:1px; border-top-style:solid; border-top-color:rgb(221,221,221); border-left-width:1px; border-left-style:solid; border-left-color:rgb(221,221,221)"> 暂定当前程序，暂停后按下任意键恢复运行</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr style=""> 
   <td style="padding:8px; line-height:20px; vertical-align:top; border-top-width:1px; border-top-style:solid; border-top-color:rgb(221,221,221); border-left-width:1px; border-left-style:solid; border-left-color:rgb(221,221,221)"> <code style="font-family:Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,'Courier New',monospace; padding:2px 4px; color:rgb(199,37,78); word-break:break-all; background-color:rgb(249,242,244)">Ctrl+z</code></td> 
   <td style="padding:8px; line-height:20px; vertical-align:top; border-top-width:1px; border-top-style:solid; border-top-color:rgb(221,221,221); border-left-width:1px; border-left-style:solid; border-left-color:rgb(221,221,221)"> 将当前程序放到后台运行，恢复到前台为命令<code style="font-family:Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,'Courier New',monospace; padding:2px 4px; color:rgb(199,37,78); word-break:break-all; background-color:rgb(249,242,244)">fg</code></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr style=""> 
   <td style="padding:8px; line-height:20px; vertical-align:top; border-top-width:1px; border-top-style:solid; border-top-color:rgb(221,221,221); border-left-width:1px; border-left-style:solid; border-left-color:rgb(221,221,221)"> <code style="font-family:Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,'Courier New',monospace; padding:2px 4px; color:rgb(199,37,78); word-break:break-all; background-color:rgb(249,242,244)">Ctrl+a</code></td> 
   <td style="padding:8px; line-height:20px; vertical-align:top; border-top-width:1px; border-top-style:solid; border-top-color:rgb(221,221,221); border-left-width:1px; border-left-style:solid; border-left-color:rgb(221,221,221)"> 将光标移至输入行头，相当于<code style="font-family:Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,'Courier New',monospace; padding:2px 4px; color:rgb(199,37,78); word-break:break-all; background-color:rgb(249,242,244)">Home</code>键</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr style=""> 
   <td style="padding:8px; line-height:20px; vertical-align:top; border-top-width:1px; border-top-style:solid; border-top-color:rgb(221,221,221); border-left-width:1px; border-left-style:solid; border-left-color:rgb(221,221,221)"> <code style="font-family:Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,'Courier New',monospace; padding:2px 4px; color:rgb(199,37,78); word-break:break-all; background-color:rgb(249,242,244)">Ctrl+e</code></td> 
   <td style="padding:8px; line-height:20px; vertical-align:top; border-top-width:1px; border-top-style:solid; border-top-color:rgb(221,221,221); border-left-width:1px; border-left-style:solid; border-left-color:rgb(221,221,221)"> 将光标移至输入行末，相当于<code style="font-family:Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,'Courier New',monospace; padding:2px 4px; color:rgb(199,37,78); word-break:break-all; background-color:rgb(249,242,244)">End</code>键</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr style=""> 
   <td style="padding:8px; line-height:20px; vertical-align:top; border-top-width:1px; border-top-style:solid; border-top-color:rgb(221,221,221); border-left-width:1px; border-left-style:solid; border-left-color:rgb(221,221,221)"> <code style="font-family:Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,'Courier New',monospace; padding:2px 4px; color:rgb(199,37,78); word-break:break-all; background-color:rgb(249,242,244)">Ctrl+k</code></td> 
   <td style="padding:8px; line-height:20px; vertical-align:top; border-top-width:1px; border-top-style:solid; border-top-color:rgb(221,221,221); border-left-width:1px; border-left-style:solid; border-left-color:rgb(221,221,221)"> 删除从光标所在位置到行末</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr style=""> 
   <td style="padding:8px; line-height:20px; vertical-align:top; border-top-width:1px; border-top-style:solid; border-top-color:rgb(221,221,221); border-left-width:1px; border-left-style:solid; border-left-color:rgb(221,221,221)"> <code style="font-family:Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,'Courier New',monospace; padding:2px 4px; color:rgb(199,37,78); word-break:break-all; background-color:rgb(249,242,244)">Alt+Backspace</code></td> 
   <td style="padding:8px; line-height:20px; vertical-align:top; border-top-width:1px; border-top-style:solid; border-top-color:rgb(221,221,221); border-left-width:1px; border-left-style:solid; border-left-color:rgb(221,221,221)"> 向前删除一个单词</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr style=""> 
   <td style="padding:8px; line-height:20px; vertical-align:top; border-top-width:1px; border-top-style:solid; border-top-color:rgb(221,221,221); border-left-width:1px; border-left-style:solid; border-left-color:rgb(221,221,221)"> <code style="font-family:Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,'Courier New',monospace; padding:2px 4px; color:rgb(199,37,78); word-break:break-all; background-color:rgb(249,242,244)">Shift+PgUp</code></td> 
   <td style="padding:8px; line-height:20px; vertical-align:top; border-top-width:1px; border-top-style:solid; border-top-color:rgb(221,221,221); border-left-width:1px; border-left-style:solid; border-left-color:rgb(221,221,221)"> 将终端显示向上滚动</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr style=""> 
   <td style="padding:8px; line-height:20px; vertical-align:top; border-top-width:1px; border-top-style:solid; border-top-color:rgb(221,221,221); border-left-width:1px; border-left-style:solid; border-left-color:rgb(221,221,221)"> <code style="font-family:Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,'Courier New',monospace; padding:2px 4px; color:rgb(199,37,78); word-break:break-all; background-color:rgb(249,242,244)">Shift+PgDn</code></td> 
   <td style="padding:8px; line-height:20px; vertical-align:top; border-top-width:1px; border-top-style:solid; border-top-color:rgb(221,221,221); border-left-width:1px; border-left-style:solid; border-left-color:rgb(221,221,221)"> 将终端显示向下滚动</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

#####  #####

#####      Shell 常用通配符：  <table style="border-spacing:0px; width:542px; margin:20px auto; border-width:1px 1px 1px 0px; border-top-style:solid; border-right-style:solid; border-bottom-style:solid; border-top-color:rgb(221,221,221); border-right-color:rgb(221,221,221); border-bottom-color:rgb(221,221,221); color:rgb(51,51,51); font-family:'Microsoft Yahei',SimHei,Tahoma,Arial,Helvetica,STHeiti; font-size:12px; line-height:17.1429px">   <thead style="">    <tr style="">     <th style="padding:8px; line-height:20px; vertical-align:top; border-top-style:none; border-left-width:1px; border-left-style:solid; border-left-color:rgb(221,221,221)"> 字符</th>     <th style="padding:8px; line-height:20px; vertical-align:top; border-top-style:none; border-left-width:1px; border-left-style:solid; border-left-color:rgb(221,221,221)"> 含义</th>    </tr>   </thead>   <tbody style="">    <tr style="">     <td style="padding:8px; line-height:20px; vertical-align:top; border-top-width:1px; border-top-style:solid; border-top-color:rgb(221,221,221); border-left-width:1px; border-left-style:solid; border-left-color:rgb(221,221,221)"> <code style="font-family:Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,'Courier New',monospace; padding:2px 4px; color:rgb(199,37,78); word-break:break-all; background-color:rgb(249,242,244)">*</code></td>     <td style="padding:8px; line-height:20px; vertical-align:top; border-top-width:1px; border-top-style:solid; border-top-color:rgb(221,221,221); border-left-width:1px; border-left-style:solid; border-left-color:rgb(221,221,221)"> 匹配 0 或多个字符</td>    </tr>    <tr style="">     <td style="padding:8px; line-height:20px; vertical-align:top; border-top-width:1px; border-top-style:solid; border-top-color:rgb(221,221,221); border-left-width:1px; border-left-style:solid; border-left-color:rgb(221,221,221)"> <code style="font-family:Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,'Courier New',monospace; padding:2px 4px; color:rgb(199,37,78); word-break:break-all; background-color:rgb(249,242,244)">?</code></td>     <td style="padding:8px; line-height:20px; vertical-align:top; border-top-width:1px; border-top-style:solid; border-top-color:rgb(221,221,221); border-left-width:1px; border-left-style:solid; border-left-color:rgb(221,221,221)"> 匹配任意一个字符</td>    </tr>    <tr style="">     <td style="padding:8px; line-height:20px; vertical-align:top; border-top-width:1px; border-top-style:solid; border-top-color:rgb(221,221,221); border-left-width:1px; border-left-style:solid; border-left-color:rgb(221,221,221)"> <code style="font-family:Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,'Courier New',monospace; padding:2px 4px; color:rgb(199,37,78); word-break:break-all; background-color:rgb(249,242,244)">[list]</code></td>     <td style="padding:8px; line-height:20px; vertical-align:top; border-top-width:1px; border-top-style:solid; border-top-color:rgb(221,221,221); border-left-width:1px; border-left-style:solid; border-left-color:rgb(221,221,221)"> 匹配 list 中的任意单一字符</td>    </tr>    <tr style="">     <td style="padding:8px; line-height:20px; vertical-align:top; border-top-width:1px; border-top-style:solid; border-top-color:rgb(221,221,221); border-left-width:1px; border-left-style:solid; border-left-color:rgb(221,221,221)"> <code style="font-family:Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,'Courier New',monospace; padding:2px 4px; color:rgb(199,37,78); word-break:break-all; background-color:rgb(249,242,244)">[!list]</code></td>     <td style="padding:8px; line-height:20px; vertical-align:top; border-top-width:1px; border-top-style:solid; border-top-color:rgb(221,221,221); border-left-width:1px; border-left-style:solid; border-left-color:rgb(221,221,221)"> 匹配 除list 中的任意单一字符以外的字符</td>    </tr>    <tr style="">     <td style="padding:8px; line-height:20px; vertical-align:top; border-top-width:1px; border-top-style:solid; border-top-color:rgb(221,221,221); border-left-width:1px; border-left-style:solid; border-left-color:rgb(221,221,221)"> <code style="font-family:Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,'Courier New',monospace; padding:2px 4px; color:rgb(199,37,78); word-break:break-all; background-color:rgb(249,242,244)">[c1-c2]</code></td>     <td style="padding:8px; line-height:20px; vertical-align:top; border-top-width:1px; border-top-style:solid; border-top-color:rgb(221,221,221); border-left-width:1px; border-left-style:solid; border-left-color:rgb(221,221,221)"> 匹配 c1-c2 中的任意单一字符 如：[0-9] [a-z]</td>    </tr>    <tr style="">     <td style="padding:8px; line-height:20px; vertical-align:top; border-top-width:1px; border-top-style:solid; border-top-color:rgb(221,221,221); border-left-width:1px; border-left-style:solid; border-left-color:rgb(221,221,221)"> <code style="font-family:Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,'Courier New',monospace; padding:2px 4px; color:rgb(199,37,78); word-break:break-all; background-color:rgb(249,242,244)">{string1,string2,...}</code></td>     <td style="padding:8px; line-height:20px; vertical-align:top; border-top-width:1px; border-top-style:solid; border-top-color:rgb(221,221,221); border-left-width:1px; border-left-style:solid; border-left-color:rgb(221,221,221)"> 匹配 sring1 或 string2 (或更多)其一字符串</td>    </tr>    <tr style="">     <td style="padding:8px; line-height:20px; vertical-align:top; border-top-width:1px; border-top-style:solid; border-top-color:rgb(221,221,221); border-left-width:1px; border-left-style:solid; border-left-color:rgb(221,221,221)"> <code style="font-family:Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,'Courier New',monospace; padding:2px 4px; color:rgb(199,37,78); word-break:break-all; background-color:rgb(249,242,244)">{c2..c2}</code></td>     <td style="padding:8px; line-height:20px; vertical-align:top; border-top-width:1px; border-top-style:solid; border-top-color:rgb(221,221,221); border-left-width:1px; border-left-style:solid; border-left-color:rgb(221,221,221)"> 匹配 c1-c2 中全部字符 如{1..10}</td>    </tr>   </tbody>  </table> #####

#### 4).学会在命令行中获取帮助 ####

在 Linux 环境中，如果你遇到困难，可以使用`man` 命令，它是`Manual page`的缩写。

想要获得更详细的帮助，你还可以使用`info`命令，不过通常使用`man`就足够了。如果你知道某个命令的作用，只是想快速查看一些它的某个具体参数的作用，那么你可以使用`--help`参数，大部分命令都会带有这个参数，如：

$ ls --help

介绍一个可以有趣的命令。

一个可以输出图形字符的命令`banner`,先看效果：

![logoblackfont][]

你可以先使用如下命令安装：

$ sudo apt-get update;sudo apt-get install sysvbanner

[logoblackfont]: https://dn-anything-about-doc.qbox.me/linux_base/2-9.png/logoblackfont