使用Python的netCDF4和matplotlib.basemap包进行气象数据的可视化

阳光穿透心脏的1/2处 2022-08-20 15:23 283阅读 0赞

首先，安装netCDF4和Basemap，Windows下和Linux下会稍微有些不一样，请自行百度。  
NetCDF4：[https://github.com/Unidata/netcdf4-python][https_github.com_Unidata_netcdf4-python]  
Basemap：[http://matplotlib.org/basemap/users/installing.html][http_matplotlib.org_basemap_users_installing.html]

下面是一个示例代码：

from netCDF4 import Dataset
    import numpy as np
    import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
    from mpl_toolkits.basemap import Basemap
    
    meteo_file = "/home/theone/Data/GreatKhingan/MERRA/MERRA2_400.inst1_2d_lfo_Nx.20131201.nc4"
    fh = Dataset(meteo_file, mode='r')
    
    # 获取每个变量的值
    lons = fh.variables['lon'][:]
    lats = fh.variables['lat'][:]
    tlml = fh.variables['TLML'][:]
    
    tlml_units = fh.variables['TLML'].units
    
    
    # 经纬度平均值
    lon_0 = lons.mean()
    lat_0 = lats.mean()
    
    m = Basemap(lat_0=lat_0, lon_0=lon_0)
    lon, lat = np.meshgrid(lons, lats)
    xi, yi = m(lon, lat)
    
    # Plot Data
    # 这里我的tlml数据是24小时的，我这里只绘制第1小时的（tlml_0）
    tlml_0 = tlml[0:1:, ::, ::]
    cs = m.pcolor(xi, yi, np.squeeze(tlml_0))
    
    # Add Grid Lines
    # 绘制经纬线
    m.drawparallels(np.arange(-90., 91., 20.), labels=[1,0,0,0], fontsize=10)
    m.drawmeridians(np.arange(-180., 181., 40.), labels=[0,0,0,1], fontsize=10)
    
    # Add Coastlines, States, and Country Boundaries
    m.drawcoastlines()
    m.drawstates()
    m.drawcountries()
    
    # Add Colorbar
    cbar = m.colorbar(cs, location='bottom', pad="10%")
    cbar.set_label(tlml_units)
    
    # Add Title
    plt.title('Surface Air Temperature')
    plt.show()
    
    fh.close()

运行结果：  
![Basemap可视化][Basemap]

[https_github.com_Unidata_netcdf4-python]: https://github.com/Unidata/netcdf4-python
[http_matplotlib.org_basemap_users_installing.html]: http://matplotlib.org/basemap/users/installing.html
[Basemap]: /images/20220731/ece09f9e11c34fac98e5fc2e7cc2a42b.png